Association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort study

Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.

Thermal pretreatment of willow branches impacts yield and pore development of activated carbon in subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) via modifying cellulose structure

Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the feedstock.Thermal pretreatment of biomass could induce dehydration and/or aromatization to change the structure of cellulose/hemicellulose.This might interfere with evolution of structures of AC,which was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of willow branch(WB)from 200 to 360℃and the subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) at 550℃.The results showed that thermal pretreatment at 360℃(WB-360)could lead to substantial pyrolysis to form biochar,with a yield of 31.9%,accompanying with nearly complete destruction of cellulose crystals and remarkably enhanced aromatic degree.However,cellulose residual in WB-360 could still be activated to form AC-360 with specific surface area of 1837.9 m~2·g^(-1),which was lower than that in AC from activation of untreated WB(AC-blank,2077.8 m~2·g^(-1)).Nonetheless,the AC-200 from activation of WB-200 had more developed pores(2113.9 m~2·g^(-1))and superior capability for adsorption of phenol,due to increased permeability of ZnCl_(2) to the largely intact cellulose structure in WB-200.The thermal pretreatment did increase diameters of micropores of AC but reduced the overall yield of AC(26.8%for AC-blank versus 18.0%for AC-360),resulting from accelerated cracking but reduced intensity of condensation.In-situ infrared characterization of the activation showed that ZnCl_(2) mainly catalyzed dehydration,dehydrogenation,condensation,and aromatization but not cracking,suppressing the formation of derivatives of cellulose and lignin in bio-oil.The thermal pretreatment formed phenolic-OH and C=O with higher chemical innerness,which changed the reaction network in activation,shifting morphology of fibrous structures in AC-blank to“melting surface”in AC-200 or AC-280.

Vaccinia-related kinase 2 variants differentially affect breast cancer growth by regulating kinase activity

Genetic information is transcribed from genomic DNA to mRNA,which is then translated into threedimensional proteins.mRNAs can undergo various post-transcriptional modifications,including RNA editing that alters mRNA sequences,ultimately affecting protein function.In this study,RNA editing was identified at the 499th base(c.499)of human vaccinia-related kinase 2(VRK2).This RNA editing changes the amino acid in the catalytic domain of VRK2 from isoleucine(with adenine base)to valine(with guanine base).Isoleucine-containing VRK2 has higher kinase activity than the valine-containing VRK2,which leads to an increase in tumor cell proliferation.Earlier we reported that VRK2 directly interacts with dystrobrevin-binding protein(dysbindin)and results in reducing its stability.Herein,we demonstrate that isoleucine-containing VRK2 decreases the level of dysbindin than valinecontaining VRK2.Dysbindin interacts with cyclin D and thereby regulates its expression and function.The reduction in the level of dysbindin by isoleucine-containing VRK2 further enhances the cyclin D expression,resulting in increased tumor growth and reduction in survival rates.It has also been observed that in patient samples,VRK2 level was elevated in breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast tissue.Additionally,the isoleucine form of VRK2 exhibited a greater increase in breast cancer tissue.Therefore,it is concluded that VRK2,especially dependent on the 167th variant amino acid,can be one of the indexes of tumor progression and proliferation.

Examining the association between delay discounting,delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical,influencing this disease's development,man-agement,and overall outcomes.In China,22.3%of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization.Therefore,it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified.AIM To investigate the relationship among delay discounting,delay aversion,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In 2023,400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province.A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity,delay discounting,and delay aversion.In addition,HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants.The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion.The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity,including walking,moderate physical activity,and vigorous physical activity.Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting,delay aversion,and HbA1c levels,along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week.RESULTS After controlling for the sample characteristics,delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity(β=-2.386,95%CI:-4.370 to-0.401).Meanwhile,delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity(β=-3.527,95%CI:-5.578 to-1.476)in the multiple linear regression model,with statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity.Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity.This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM,which may increase participation in physical activity.This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.

Galectin 2 regulates JAK/STAT3 signaling activity to modulate oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration in vitro

Background:Galectin 2(LGALS2)is a protein previously reported to serve as a mediator of disease progression in a range of cancers.The function of LGALS2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),however,has yet to be explored,prompting the present study to address this literature gap.Methods:Overall,144 paired malignant tumor tissues and paracancerous OSCC patient samples were harvested and the LGALS2 expression levels were examined through qPCR and western immunoblotting.The LGALS2 coding sequence was introduced into the pcDNA3.0 vector,to enable the overexpression of this gene,while an LGALS2-specific shRNA and corresponding controls were also obtained.The functionality of LGALS2 as a regulator of the ability of OSCC cells to grow and undergo apoptotic death in vitro was assessed through EdU uptake and CCK-8 assays,and flow cytometer,whereas a Transwell system was used to assess migratory activity and invasivity.An agonist of the Janus Kinase 2(JAK2)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3)pathway was also used to assess the role of this pathway in the context of LGALS2 signaling.Results:Here,we found that lower LGALS2 protein and mRNA expression were evident in OSCC tumor tissue samples,and these expression levels were associated with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival outcomes.Silencing LGALS2 enhanced proliferation in OSCC cells while rendering these cells better able to resist apoptosis.The opposite was instead observed after LGALS2 was overexpressed.Mechanistically,the ability of LGALS2 to suppress the progression of OSCC was related to its ability to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling axis.Conclusion:Those results suggest a role for LGALS2 as a suppressor of OSCC progression through its ability to modulate JAK/STAT3 signaling,supporting the potential utility of LGALS2 as a target for efforts aimed at treating OSCC patients.

Photoluminescence behavior and visible light photocatalytic activity of ZnO,ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe_2O_3 nanocomposites

In order to achieve effective, economic, and easily achievable photocatalyst for the degradation of dye methyl orange（MeO）, ZnO, ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were prepared by simple chemical synthetic route in the aqueous medium. Phase, crystallinity, surface structure and surface behavior of the synthesized materials were determined by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis（BET） techniques. XRD study established formation of good crystalline ZnO, ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3 nanomaterials. By using intensity of constituent peaks in the XRD pattern, the compositions of nanocomposites were determined. From the BET analysis, the prepared materials show mesoporous behavior, type Ⅳ curves along with H4 hysteresis. The ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3 composite shows the largest surface area among three materials. From the UV-visible spectra, the band gap energy of the materials was determined. Photoluminescence spectra（PL） were used to determine the emission behavior and surface defects in the materials. In PL spectra, the intensity of UV peak of ZnO/ZnS is lowered than that of ZnO while in case of ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3, the intensity further decreased. The visible emission spectra of ZnO/ZnS increased compared with ZnO while in ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3 it is further increased compared with ZnO/ZnS. The as-synthesized materials were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of dye MeO. The photo-degradation data revealed that the ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3 is the best photocatalyst among three specimens for the degradation of dye MeO. The decrease of intensity of UV emission peak and the increase of intensity of visible emission cause the decrease of recombination of electrons and holes which are ultimately responsible for the highest photocatalytic activity of ZnO/ZnS/α-Fe2O3.

Study on Zn_2SiO_4 Formation Kinetics and Activity Stability of Desulfurization Sorbent

A new industrial S Zorb sorbent(Ni/Zn O-P) was prepared by using the spray drying technique. The other two traditional sorbents(Ni/Zn O-M and Ni/Zn O-H) were prepared in exactly the same way except the use of different silica-alumina binder matrices. The XRD, Rietveld quantitative phase analysis, BET, and laser particle size analysis were employed to characterize their physico-chemical properties. The deactivation mechanism and desulfurization kinetics of sorbent was investigated on a water vapor aging treatment device. It was shown that both the water vapor pressure and reaction temperature significantly could influence the formation rate of inactive Zn2 Si O4, which could decrease the sulfur storage capacity of sorbents. The Zn2 Si O4 content profiles could be fitted into the zero order equation, from which the apparent rate constant k and the activation energy E a were calculated. The matrix P greatly raised the E a of Zn2 Si O4 formation due to the less bridged hydroxyl silanol groups on its surface, which accounted for the high stability of Ni/Zn O-P. The desulfurization performance of the fresh and aged sorbents showed that the overall average sulfur conversion of Ni/Zn O-P(aged) was 92%, which was close to that of fresh sorbents(95%), and was higher than that of Ni/Zn O-M(aged)(86%) and Ni/Zn O-H(aged)(90%). Based on these findings, the application of Ni/Zn O-P can greatly improve the long-term running stability of the industrial unit.

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of One-dimensional ZnO-Zn2SnO4 Mixed Oxide Nanowires

Mixed oxide photocatalysts, ZnO-Zn2SnO4 （ZnO-ZTO） nanowires with different sizes were prepared by a simple thermal evaporation method. The ZnO-ZTO nanowires were characterized with a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrom- eter, and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO-ZTO mixed nanowires were studied by observing the photodegradation behaviors of methyl orange aqueous solution. The results suggest that the ZnO-ZTO mixed oxide nanowires have a higher photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO and Zn2SnO4 nanowires. The photocatalyst concentration in the solution distinctly affects the degradation rate, and our results show that higher photodegradation efficiency can be achieved with a smaller amount of ZnO-ZTO nanowire catalyst, as compared to the pure ZnO and ZTO nanowires. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity can also be enhanced by reducing the average diameter of the nanowires. The activity of pure ZnO and ZTO nanowires are also enhanced by physically mixing them. These results can be explained by the synergism between the two semiconductors.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activity of a Novel Zn(Ⅱ)Complex with 2-(Nicotinoyloxy)acetic Acid Ligand

A novel Zn（Ⅱ） complex, [ZnL2（H2O）4]·H2O（1, HL = 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetic acid）, was synthesized using Zn（OAc）2·2H2O and 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetic acid as raw materials. Its structure has been elucidated by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis revealed that complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 and the Zn（Ⅱ） atom is six-coordinated with two N atoms from two different 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetate anion ligands and four O atoms from coordinated water molecules. Complex 1 forms a 3D network structure by O–H···O hydrogen bonds. The antitumor activities of 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetic acid ligand and its Zn（Ⅱ） complex were evaluated against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and human colon carcinoma Wi Dr cells.

Analysis of genotype differences of rice response to low Zn^(2+) activity and some morphological characteristics

Zinc deficiency is one of the most widespreadmicro-nutritional disorder for rice. To solve the problem, screening Zn-efficient cultivars isan available method and understanding geno-

Solvothermal Synthesis and Visible Photocatalytic Activity of Zn0.4Cd0.6S/TiO2/Reduced graphene oxide Nanocomposite

Zn0.4Cd0.6S/TiO2/Reduced graphene oxide(Zn0.4Cd0.6S/TiO2/RGO)nano-photocatalyst was synthe-sized by a facile solvothermal method.During the reaction,TiO2 and Zn0.8Cd0.2S nanoparticles were evenly dispersed across the surface of RGO,which enhanced response to visible light.The photocatalytic activity of as-synthesized Zn0.4Cd0.6S/TiO2/RGO nanocomposite was studied by means of degrading methylene blue(MB)through the irradiation of visible light.Compared with other nanocomposites,the Zn0.4Cd0.6S/TiO2/RGO nanocomposite showed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency(96%)and high stability,which was 5.4 times of photodegradation efficiency of pure TiO2.

MoO_(2)/ZnS复合材料改性隔膜实现锂硫电池稳定的高倍率性能

锂硫电池由于其高能量密度、低成本效益被认为是最有前途的下一代电池体系之一.然而多硫化物的穿梭效应大幅降低了锂硫电池的循环稳定性和寿命,严重阻碍其实际应用.无机金属化合物材料改性的隔膜不仅能抑制多硫化锂(LiPS)的穿梭效应,其部分特殊的晶面还能加速多硫化物的氧化还原反应动力学.本文在罗盘状ZnS表面原位生长球状的MoO_(2),制备MoO_(2)/ZnS复合材料.MoO_(2)对多硫化物有着较强的吸附作用,ZnS有着良好的电导率,两者的复合可加速电子传导效率和氧化还原速率.以所制备的MoO_(2)/ZnS作为隔膜改性材料,锂硫电池在5 C的大电流密度下,经过1000次循环后仍可以保持690 mAh g^(-1)的放电比容量,平均每圈的容量衰减率仅为0.014%,表现出优异的循环性能和倍率性能.

Mass Production of Bi3NbO7/Bi2Zn(2/3)Nb(4/3)O7 Composites and Their Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity

Series Bi3NbO7/Bi2Zn（2/3）Nb（4/3）O7 （BN/BZN） composites were synthesized through a facile solid state reaction method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS）. When BN： BZN=0.1 mole ratio, the BN/BZN composite showed the best visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance, which decomposed nearly 100% of Rh B（10 ppm, p H=3-4） within 40 min. The results demonstrated that in-situ solid state synthesis of BN/BZN composites could be an efficient strategy to develop new photocatalyst for environmental remediation.

Photocatalytic activity and kinetics for acid yellow degradation over surface composites of TiO_2-coated activated carbon under different photocatalytic conditions

TiO2-coated activated carbon surface （TAs） composites were prepared by a sol-gel method with supercritical pretreatment. The photocatalytic degradation of acid yellow （AY） was investigated under UV radiation to estimate activity of catalysts and determine the kinetics. And the effects of parameters including the initial concentration of AY, light intensity and TiO2 content in catalysts were examined. The results indicate that TAs has a higher efficiency in decomposition of AY than P25, pure TiO2 particles as well as the mixture of TiO2 powder and active carbon. The photocatalytic degradation rate is found to follow the pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the AY concentration. The new kinetic model fairly resembles the classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation, and the rate constant is proportional to the square root of the light intensity in a wide range. However, its absorption performance depends on the surface areas of catalysts. The model fits quite well with the experimental data and elucidates phenomena about the effects of the TiO2 content in TAs on the degradation rate.

Zn^(2+)促进TiO_(2)煅烧过程晶型转变的掺杂机制研究

硫酸法钛白生产工艺中,高温煅烧是生成稳定晶型的重要阶段。锌盐处理剂的加入可以降低锐钛晶型向金红石转变的温度,然而其促进作用的内在机理目前尚不明确。以钛白工艺中间物料二洗偏钛酸为原料,硫酸锌为盐处理剂,在马弗炉里高温煅烧至600~900℃。利用XRD、HRTEM和XPS等分析手段研究了Zn^(2+)在煅烧过程中对TiO_(2)晶型转变的影响和掺杂机制。结果表明,不同的Zn^(2+)初始浓度以及煅烧温度对Zn^(2+)在TiO_(2)晶型转变的作用机制和Zn^(2+)的存在状态具有显著影响。当Zn^(2+)质量分数小于1%时,Zn^(2+)以取代模式掺入TiO_(2)晶格中,置换Ti^(4+),使晶胞参数变大并形成氧空位;且随着Zn^(2+)浓度的增加,过量的Zn^(2+)在TiO_(2)表面形成新物种ZnTiO_(3)。取代掺杂和ZnTiO_(3)通过不同的作用机理都可以降低相变温度,促进锐钛向金红石的相转变。

胺功能化的铜催化剂:氢键介导的电化学CO_(2)还原为C_(2)产物以及优越的可充电Zn-CO_(2)电池性能

有机分子功能化是一种有前景的策略,用于调控电化学CO_(2)还原反应(eCO_(2)RR)的C_(2+)产物选择性和活性。然而,我们对于电化学CO_(2)还原调控机制的分子水平理解仍然不够清晰。在本文中,我们成功制备了铜纳米颗粒,并使用一系列胺类衍生物(如十六胺(HAD)、N-甲基十六胺(N-MHDA)、十六烷基二甲胺(HDDMA)和十六酰胺(PMM))对其进行功能化,以系统地研究胺表面活性剂分子结构对eCO_(2)RR选择性和活性的影响。结果表明,HDA的功能化可以将C_(2)产物和C_(2)H_(4)的法拉第效率(FE)提高至73.5%和46.4%,并且在−0.9 V vs.RHE(可逆氢电极)电位下,C_(2)产物的分电流密度为131.4 mA·cm^(−2)。理论研究发现,HDA通过与CO_(2)和eCO_(2)RR中间体之间的氢键相互作用,富集了^(*)CO_(2)、^(*)CO和其他反应中间体,降低了CO―CHO耦合反应的动力学能垒,从而促进了eCO_(2)RR向C_(2)产物的转化。当胺基的H原子被甲基取代后,氢键相互作用减弱,竞争的析氢反应加剧。PMM通过Cu―O键与Cu表面发生键合,而不是通过Cu―N键,导致Cu-PMM更倾向于产乙醇。原位拉曼光谱显示,在Cu-HDA表面,CO主要吸附在Cu的顶位吸附位点上,与在Cu表面上的桥式吸附不同,这可能是因为前者表面对CO的富集引发了CO的吸附构型变化。HDA功能化还提高了Cu催化剂的表面pH。基于Cu-HDA组装的可充电Zn-CO_(2)电池在放电电流密度为16 mA∙cm^(−2)时,最大功率密度为6.48 mW∙cm^(−2),并具有长达60 h的良好充放电稳定性。本研究的重点在于通过在分子水平上调节Cu基材料的CO_(2)RR活性和选择性,促进CO_(2)-C_(2)的转化,这可能为提高C_(2)产物的产率提供新的见解。

Effect of Carbon Dioxide (CO_2) Controlled Atmosphere on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity of Three Storage Pests in Chinese Medicinal Materials

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of controlled atmosphere stress of carbon dioxide （ CO2 ） on Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity of in- sect, so as to analyze the biological mechanism of the action of controlled atmosphere stress on insect. [ Method] Using nitrotetrazolium blue chloride （NBT） light reduction method, SOD activity of drugstore beetle （ Stegobium panlceum ）, cigarette beetle （ Lasioderma serricorne） and coffee bean beetle （Araecerus fasciculatus） was studied, and the stress response of the enzyme under controlled atmosphere stress of CO2 was analyzed. [ Result ] SOD activity of drugstore beetle, cigarette beetle and coffee bean beetle exposed to controlled atmosphere stress of high concentrations of CO2 for 3 and 6 h had certain degree of increase, and the activity sig- nificantly increased from 2.011±0.954,2.664±0.218 and 1.458±0.718 to 3. 135±0. 105,3.050±0.673 and 2.975±0.229 U/（per pest · 30 min） after treat- ment for 6 h. [ Conclusion] Controlled atmosphere stress of high concentrations of CO2 had certain activation effect on SOD activity of storage pest in Chinese me- dicinal material within the context of sub-lethal events. The results could enrich the insecticidal mechanism of controlled atmosphere and theoretical system of analy- sis on insect resistance to controlled atmosphere.

腐蚀产物中Zn_(5)(OH)_(8)Cl_(2)对纯Zn腐蚀行为的影响

目的探究纯Zn腐蚀产物中碱式氯化锌(Zn_(5)(OH)_(8)Cl_(2),ZHC)对其腐蚀防护性能的影响以及腐蚀防护机理。方法通过原位生长法在纯Zn表面制备一层ZHC膜。通过X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS),分析了样品的物相组成和微观形貌。通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和动电位极化曲线(Tafel),评估了ZHC膜对纯Zn腐蚀防护性能的影响。结果纯Zn表面先形成了一层致密细小的ZHC纳米片,铺满整个纯Zn表面后,在第一层ZHC上形成第二层较大尺寸的ZHC纳米片。预制备的ZHC膜可以使纯Zn的腐蚀电流密度从78.23μA/cm^(2)降低到2.08μA/cm^(2),腐蚀电位从‒1.050V(vs.SCE)提升到‒0.998V(vs.SCE),并且随着ZHC制备时间的增加,阴极斜率(βc)逐渐增大,这表明ZHC可以有效阻碍电荷转移,抑制阴极的氧还原,减缓纯Zn的腐蚀速率,对Zn基体的腐蚀起到防护作用。在浸泡腐蚀过程中,ZHC可以抑制HZ的生成,减少絮状腐蚀产物的生成。在短期浸泡过程中,纯Zn的阻抗值随着预制备ZHC的增加而逐渐增大,这是因为生成的腐蚀产物填补ZHC纳米片的空隙,使腐蚀产物膜致密,ZHC膜对Zn基体能起到较好的防护作用。在长期浸泡过程中,ZHC/Zn的阻抗值下降,这是因为ZHC膜破裂,提供了新的腐蚀通道,导致ZHC膜对纯Zn的防护作用下降。结论ZHC膜可以减缓纯Zn的腐蚀速率。对比纯Zn和ZHC/Zn在浸泡过程中的腐蚀行为可知,在短期浸泡过程中,随着预制备ZHC的增加,对纯Zn的防护性能逐渐提高;在长期浸泡腐蚀过程中,ZHC膜对纯Zn腐蚀的防护作用逐渐下降。

Fe、Ir掺杂MoS_(2)表面对N_(2)气敏吸附与解离反应性能提升的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理方法,采用周期性平板模型,研究了N_(2)分子在掺杂体系TM-MoS_(2)(TM=Fe、Ir)表面的吸附和解离行为.研究表明:N_(2)分子在TM-MoS_(2)(TM=Fe、Ir)表面吸附能依次为0.62和0.47 eV,而完整MoS_(2)表面的吸附能只有0.08 eV,说明掺杂之后对N_(2)表现出略好的吸附性能.差分电荷密度分析表明,N_(2)吸附后,掺杂Fe、Ir原子与两个N原子之间电荷有所增加,N-N键之间的区域电荷密度减少,N-N键的强度减弱.态密度计算结果发现,N_(2)在吸附过程中,主要是N原子的2p_(y)、2p_(z)轨道与Ir的5d_(xy)和5d_(z^(2))以及Fe的3d_(xy)和3d_(z^(2))发生杂化作用.通过分析解离活化能,N_(2)在掺杂体系TM-MoS_(2)(TM=Fe、Ir)表面解离需要活化能均较高,且远大于在相应掺杂表面的吸附能,说明N_(2)在掺杂体系TM-MoS_(2)(TM=Fe、Ir)表面解离应该表现为分子吸附或脱附.

Zn/ZSM-5催化剂中Zn物种与CO_(2)和正丁烷耦合反应间相关性研究

随着全球温室气体排放的持续增长,二氧化碳(CO_(2))的高效转化与利用已成为应对气候变化、推动可持续发展的重要途径之一.在本课题组的前期研究中,以正丁烷为模型化合物,成功实现了H-ZSM-5分子筛催化CO_(2)与正丁烷发生耦合反应.实验还发现,通过对H-ZSM-5进行Zn改性,可以显著提高其催化性能,这为CO_(2)的高效转化和利用提供了新的研究方向.然而,目前关于Zn-ZSM-5催化剂中Zn物种的具体存在状态及其与耦合反应性能之间的关系尚不明确,这限制了高效催化剂的进一步设计.因此,深入探究Zn物种在Zn-ZSM-5催化剂中的存在状态及其与催化性能之间的关联机制,从而设计和开发更高效的CO₂转化催化剂已成为当务之急.本文通过紫外-可见光漫反射光谱、X-射线光电子能谱和1H魔角旋转-核磁共振等多种技术系统地表征了Zn-ZSM-5分子筛中酸性中心和Zn物种存在状态的演变过程,讨论了Zn物种活性中心与耦合反应之间的构-效关系,阐明了耦合反应的机理.研究表明,Zn-ZSM-5分子筛中Zn物种主要以ZnO团簇、Zn-OH^(+)和(Zn-O-Zn)^(2+)的形式存在,且其含量随Zn负载量的变化而改变.其中,ZnO团簇及(Zn-O-Zn)^(2+)物种的含量随Zn负载量的增加而上升,而Zn-OH^(+)物种含量则先上升后下降,这是由于部分Zn-OH^(+)物种转化为(Zn-O-Zn)^(2+)物种.在CO_(2)与正丁烷的耦合反应中,正丁烷的转化受到Brønsted酸位点的减少、Zn活性位点的形成以及粗晶ZnO物种的堆积等多种因素的影响.Zn-OH^(+)物种是主要的CO_(2)催化转化活性中心,而芳烃的生成则主要受Zn-OH^(+)和(Zn-O-Zn)^(2+)物种的影响.Zn-OH^(+)和(Zn-O-Zn)^(2+)物种均具有较强的脱氢性能,可通过脱氢路径促进芳烃的生成.Zn5%-ZSM-5(Zn负载量为5 wt%)样品表现出最优的催化性能:正丁烷转化率为94.71%,CO_(2)转化率为30.43%,芳烃选择性为53.71%.原位实验进一步证实了内酯、羧酸和不饱和醛酮等含氧化合物作为中间体的存在.基于上述研究,我们提出了Zn-ZSM-5上CO_(2)和正丁烷耦合的反应机理,主要包括以下三条反应路径:(1)在Zn-OH^(+)物种的催化作用下,正丁烷和CO_(2)首先被耦合活化形成内酯,随后经过一系列反应形成羧酸、酸酐和其他含氧化合物,最终通过复杂的反应生成芳烃.(2)部分CO_(2)在Zn-OH^(+)物种的催化下,通过逆水煤气变换(RWGS)反应以及与烃类化合物的干重整反应生成CO.这些CO随后在Zn-OH^(+)物种的催化下与烯烃发生耦合反应,最终生成芳烃产物.(3)正丁烷在Zn-OH^(+)和(Zn-O-Zn)^(2+)物种的催化下,发生脱氢和异构化反应产生烯烃.部分烯烃可通过与CO耦合或烯烃发生聚合、环化、脱氢等过程生成芳烃产物.综上所述,本文深入探讨了CO_(2)与正丁烷在Zn-ZSM-5催化剂上的耦合反应机制.通过系统研究,建立了催化剂中Zn物种与催化性能之间的构-效关系,并提出了耦合反应的具体路径.本文不仅有助于深入理解Zn-ZSM-5的催化作用机制,而且对于未来设计和开发更高效的催化体系具有重要的参考价值.