Inhibition of mouse acrosome reaction and sperm-zona pellucida binding by anti-human sperm membrane protein 1 antibody

Aim： To investigate the possible functions of human sperm membrane protein （hSMP-1） in the process of fertilization. Methods： A 576-bp cDNA fragment of HSD-1 gene coding for the extracellular domain of hSMP-1 was cloned and expressed. The localization of this protein on human and mouse sperm was determined by indirect immunofluorescent staining by using anti-recombinant hSMP-1 （anti-rhSMP-1） antibodies. Sperm acrosome reaction and spermzona pellucida （ZP） binding assay were carried out in 10-week-old BALB/c mice. Results： Recombinant hSMP-1 was successfully cloned and expressed. The expression of the native protein was limited on the acrosome of human and mouse sperm. Treatment of anti-rhSMP-1 antibodies significantly decreased the average number of sperms bound to each egg. Meanwhile, the percentage of acrosome reaction was decreased in comparison to pre-immune control after treatment with anti-rhSMP-1 （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The results suggest that anti-rhSMP-1 antibody inhibited mouse acrosome reaction and sperm-ZP binding.

Semaphorin 7A impairs barrier function in cultured human corneal epithelial cells in a manner dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B

●AIM:To evaluate the role of semaphorin 7A(Sema7A)and its associated regulatory mechanisms in modulating the barrier function of cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCEs).●METHODS:Barrier models of HCEs were treated with recombinant human Sema7A at concentrations of 0,125,250,or 500 ng/mL for 24,48,or 72h in vitro.Transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)as well as Dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)permeability assays were conducted to assess barrier function.To quantify tight junctions(TJs)such as occludin and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)at the mRNA level,reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis was performed.Immunoblotting was used to examine the activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and the production of TJs proteins.Immunofluorescence analyses were employed to localize the TJs.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and RT-PCR were utilized to observe changes in interleukin(IL)-1βlevels.To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling activation and IL^(-1)βin Sema7A’s anti-barrier mechanism,we employed 0.1μmol/L IκB kinase 2(IKK2)inhibitor IV or 500 ng/mL IL^(-1)receptor(IL-1R)antagonist.●RESULTS:Treatment with Sema7A resulted in decreased TEER and increased permeability of Dextran-FITC in HCEs through down-regulating mRNA and protein levels of TJs in a time-and dose-dependent manner,as well as altering the localization of TJs.Furthermore,Sema7A stimulated the activation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha(IκBα)and expression of IL-1β.The anti-barrier function of Sema7A was significantly suppressed by treatment with IKK2 inhibitor IV or IL-1R antagonists.●CONCLUSION:Sema7A disrupts barrier function through its influence on NF-κB-mediated expression of TJ proteins,as well as the expression of IL-1β.These findings suggest that Sema7A could be a potential therapeutic target for the diseases in corneal epithelium.

Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, ZO-1 downregulation and tight junction disruption via a TNF-α-regulated mechanism

AIM: To investigate the effect of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) on the intestinal mucosa barrier in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: BM MSCs were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats by density gradient centrifugation, cultured, and analyzed by flow cytometry. I/R injury was induced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min. Rats were treated with saline, BM MSCs (via intramucosal injection) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blocking antibodies (via the tail vein). I/R injury was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: Intestinal permeability increased, tight junctions (TJs) were disrupted, and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) was downregulated after I/R injury. BM MSCs reduced intestinal mucosal barrier destruction, ZO-1 downregulation, and TJ disruption. The morphological abnormalities after intestinal I/R injury positively correlated with serum TNF-α levels. Administration of anti-TNF-α IgG or anti-TNF-α receptor 1 antibodies attenuated the intestinal ultrastructural changes, ZO-1 downregulation, and TJ disruption. CONCLUSION: Altered serum TNF-α levels play an important role in the ability of BM MSCs to protect against intestinal I/R injury.

人输卵管中与植物凝集素BS-1结合糖蛋白初步鉴定

动物实验证明,排卵后卵子透明带在输卵管转运过程中被修饰。在金黄地鼠中已证实这种与透明带相关的输卵管成分是一种与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白。本研究使用育龄妇女术后输卵管标本,并收集人输卵管冲洗液,经荧光组化、斑点印迹和转移印迹等试验证实了人输卵管中也存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的蛋白。荧光组化法结果表明,这种糖蛋白在人输卵管中呈节段性分布,即在峡部内膜分布较多,而在伞端较少。斑点印迹试验证实,在人输卵管内膜提取液及输卵管冲洗液中均有BS-1结合蛋白存在。转移印迹试验还证实,人输卵管中与BS-1结合的蛋白分子量为80、100、130和>300 kD。以上结果提示人输卵管中确实存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白。

MicroRNA-15a-cell division cycle 42 signaling pathway in pathogenesis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

AIM To determine whether cell division cycle(Cdc)42 is regulated by microRNA(miR)-15 a in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS We cultured 293 T cells, used plasmids and performed dual-luciferase assay to determine whether Cdc42 is a miR-15 a target gene. We cultured Caco-2 cells, and stimulated them with tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. We then employed lentiviruses to alter the expression of miR-15 a and Cdc42. We performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR) and immunofluorescence to determine whether Cdc42 is regulated by miR-15 a in Caco-2 cells. Finally, we collected ileocecal tissue by endoscopy from patients and performed qRT-PCR to examine the expression of miR-15 a and Cdc42 in pediatric IBD patients.RESULTS Target Scan and dual-luciferase assay revealed thatCdc42 was a miR-15 a target gene. MiR-15 a expression increased(P = 0.0038) and Cdc42 expression decreased(P = 0.0013) in cells stimulated with TNF-α, and the expression of the epithelial junction proteins zona occludens(ZO)-1(P < 0.05) and E-cadherin(P < 0.001) decreased. Cdc42 levels decreased in miR-15 a-mimic cells(P < 0.001) and increased in miR-15 a inhibitor cells(P < 0.05). ZO-1 and E-cadherin decreased in mi R-15 a-mimic cells(P < 0.001) but not in the miR-15 a inhibitor + TNF-α cells. In Lv-Cdc42 + TNF-α cells, ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression increased compared to the Lv-Cdc42-NC + TNF-α(P < 0.05) or miR-15 a-mimic cells(P < 0.05). Fifty-four pediatric IBD patients were included in this study, 21 in the control group, 19 in the Crohn's disease(CD) active(AC) group, seven in the CD remission(RE) group, and seven in the ulcerative colitis(UC) group. MiR-15 a increased and Cdc42 decreased in the CD AC group compared to the control group(P < 0.05). miR-15 a decreased and Cdc42 increased in the CD RE group compared to the CD AC group(P < 0.05). miR-15 a was positively correlated with the Pediatric Crohn's disease Activity Index(PCDAI)(P = 0.006), while Cdc42 was negatively correlated with PCDAI(P = 0.0008). Finally, miR-15 a expression negatively correlated with Cdc42 in pediatric IBD patients(P = 0.0045).CONCLUSION Mi R-15 a negatively regulates epithelial junctions through Cdc42 in Caco-2 cells and pediatric IBD patients.

卵巢癌组织中带状疱疹透明带样结构域蛋白1 mRNA表达与肿瘤增殖、侵袭及自噬相关基因表达的相关性

目的探讨卵巢癌组织中带状疱疹透明带样结构域蛋白1(CUZD1)mRNA表达与增殖、侵袭及自噬相关基因表达的相关性。方法选取2018年1~10月宜宾市第二人民医院病理科保存的122例卵巢癌、72例卵巢囊肿和20例正常卵巢组织标本,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测各组织标本中CUZD1 mRNA、肿瘤增殖相关基因[β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、C-myc]、侵袭相关基因[核转录因子κB(NF-κB)、钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、肿瘤转移相关基因1(MTA1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、整合素α2(ITGA2)]、自噬相关基因[bcl-2同源结构域样蛋白1(Beclin1)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)]的表达,采用Pearson相关分析卵巢癌组织中CUZD1 mRNA与增殖、侵袭及自噬相关基因表达的相关性。结果卵巢癌、卵巢囊肿及正常卵巢组织中CUZD1 mRNA相对表达量分别为947.354±24.263、367.944±16.256、2.116±0.032,卵巢癌组织中CUZD1 mRNA相对表达量显著高于卵巢囊肿和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05),卵巢囊肿组织中CUZD1 mRNA相对表达量显著高于正常卵巢组织(P<0.05)。卵巢癌组织中增殖相关基因β-catenin、Cyclin D1、C-myc相对表达量显著高于卵巢囊肿和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05),卵巢囊肿组织中β-catenin、Cyclin D1、C-myc基因相对表达量显著高于正常卵巢组织(P<0.05)。卵巢癌组织中侵袭相关基因NF-κB、Vimentin、MTA1、MMP-9、VEGF、ITGA2相对表达量显著高于卵巢囊肿和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05),而E-cadherin基因相对表达量显著低于卵巢囊肿和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05)。卵巢囊肿组织中NF-κB、Vimentin、MTA1、MMP-9、VEGF基因相对表达量高于正常卵巢组织(P<0.05),卵巢囊肿组织与正常卵巢组织中ITGA2、E-cadherin基因相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。卵巢癌组织中自噬相关基因Beclin1、LC3相对表达量显著低于卵巢囊肿和正常卵巢组织(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,卵巢癌组组织中CUZD1 mRNA表达水平与增殖相关基因β-catenin、Cyclin D1和C-myc表达水平呈正相关(r=0.998、0.990、0.988,P<0.05);与侵袭相关基因NF-κB、Vimentin、MTA1、VEGF、ITGA2、MMP-9表达水平呈正相关(r=0.926、0.946、0.928、0.928、0.924、0.930,P<0.05),而与侵袭相关基因E-cadherin表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.954,P<0.05);与自噬相关基因Beclin 1、LC3表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.928、-0.931,P<0.05)。结论卵巢癌组织中CUZD1 mRNA表达增高,且其表达水平与癌细胞增殖和侵袭活性呈正相关,与细胞自噬活性呈负相关,CUZD1可以作为卵巢癌诊断、病情评估的指标。

The mechanism of sperm-egg interaction and the involvement of IZUMO1 in fusion

An average human ejaculate contains over 100 million sperm, but only a few succeed in accomplishing the journey to an egg by migration through the female reproductive tract. Among these few sperm, only one participates in fertilization. There might be an ingenious molecular mechanism to ensure that the very best sperm fertilize an egg. However, recent gene disruption experiments in mice have revealed that many factors previously described as important for fertilization are largely dispensable. One could argue that the fertilization mechanism is made robust against gene disruptions. However, this is not likely, as there are already six different gene-disrupted mouse lines （Calmegin, Adam Ia, Adam2, Adam3, Ace and Pgapl）, all of which result in male sterility. The sperm from these animals are known to have defective zona-binding ability and at the same time lose oviduct-migrating ability. Concerning spermzona binding, the widely accepted involvement of sugar moiety on zona pellucida 3 （ZP3） is indicated to be dispensable by gene disruption experiments. Thus, the landscape of the mechanism of fertilization is revolving considerably. In the sperm-egg fusion process, CD9 on egg and IZUMO1 on sperm have emerged as essential factors. This review focuses on the mechanism of fertilization elucidated by gene-manipulated animals.

Angiotensin receptor blocker drugs and inhibition of adrenal beta-arrestin-1-dependent aldosterone production: Implications for heart failure therapy

Aldosterone mediates many of the physiological and pathophysiological/cardio-toxic effects of angiotensin II(Ang II). Its synthesis and secretion from the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex, elevated in chronic heart failure(HF), is induced by Ang II type 1 receptors(AT1Rs). The AT1R is a G protein-coupled receptor, mainly coupling to Gq/11 proteins. However, it can also signal through β-arrestin-1(βarr1) or-2(βarr2), both of which mediate G protein-independent signaling. Over the past decade, a second, Gq/11 proteinindependent but βarr1-dependent signaling pathway emanating from the adrenocortical AT1R and leading to aldosterone production has become appreciated. Thus, it became apparent that AT1R antagonists that block both pathways equally well are warranted for fully effective aldosterone suppression in HF. This spurred the comparison of all of the currently marketed angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs, AT1R antagonists or sartans) at blocking activation of the two signaling modes(G protein-, and βarr1-dependent) at the Ang IIactivated AT1R and hence, at suppression of aldosterone in vitro and in vivo. Although all agents are very potent inhibitors of G protein activation at the AT1R, candesartan and valsartan were uncovered to be the most potent ARBs at blocking βarr activation by Ang II and at suppressing aldosterone in vitro and in vivo in post-myocardial infarction HF animals. In contrast, irbesartan and losartan are virtually G protein-"biased" blockers at the human AT1R, with very low efficacy for βarr inhibition and aldosterone suppression. Therefore, candesartan and valsartan(and other, structurally similar compounds) may be the most preferred ARB agents for HF pharmacotherapy, as well as for treatment of other conditions characterized by elevated aldosterone.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-165b protects the blood-retinal barrier from damage after acute high intraocular pressure in rats

AIM:To elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-165b(VEGF-165b)in blood-retinal barrier(BRB)injury in the rat acute glaucoma model.METHODS:In this study,the rat acute high intraocular pressure(HIOP)model was established before and after intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF-165b antibody.The expression of VEGF-165b and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in rat retina was detected by double immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting,and the breakdown of BRB was detected by Evans blue(EB)dye.RESULTS:The intact retina of rats expressed VEGF-165b and ZO-1 protein,which were mainly located in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer and were both co-expressed with vascular endothelial cell markers CD31.After acute HIOP,the expression of VEGF-165b was up-regulated;the expression of ZO-1 was down-regulated at 12h and then recovered at 3d;EB leakage increased,peaking at 12h.After intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF-165b antibody,the expression of VEGF-165b protein was no significantly changed;and the down-regulation of the expression of ZO-1 was more obvious;EB leakage became more serious,peaking at 3d.EB analysis also showed that EB leakage in the peripheral retina was greater than that in the central retina.CONCLUSION:The endogenous VEGF-165b protein may protect the BRB from acute HIOP by regulating the expression of ZO-1.The differential destruction of BRB after acute HIOP may be related to the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells.

Research on the Relationship between Thick Greasy Tongue Fur Formation and Vascular Endothelial Cell Permeability with the Protein Expression of Zonula Occludens-1

Objective：To determine the relationship of thick greasy tongue fur formation and permeability of vascular endothelial cells（ECs）with the protein expression of zonula occludens-1（ZO-1）.Methods：Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a model group of severe acute pancreatitis（SAP）and a sham-operated （SO）group.The SAP rats were further divided into two subgroups on the basis of tongue-coating status：a thick greasy tongue fur group（SAP-TGF）and a normal tongue fur group（SAP-NF）.Six rats were chosen randomly from every group mentioned above for an Evans blue assay 5 days after model establishment.For the histomorphology analysis,the expressions of ZO-1 protein and mRNA were studied by hematoxylin-eosin （HE）staining,transmission electron microscope,Western blot,and Q-PCR using blood and tongue tissues, which were collected from 8 rats randomly chosen from each group.Results：The papillae density of the rat tongue surface and the caryocinesis frequency of the basal layer were significantly increased in the SAP-TGF group compared with the SO group（P0.05）.Evans blue levels in the tongue tissue of the SAP-TGF group were significantly higher than that of the SO and SAP-NF groups（P0.05）.Vascular ECs were wider and obviously fissured in the SAP-TGF group under transmission electron microscope observation.The protein and mRNA expression of ZO-1 in the SAP-TGF group were lower than those in the SAP-NF（P0.05）.Conclusions： Reproductive activity enhancement of glossal epithelial cells was one of the main characteristics of thick greasy tongue fur formation.An increase in vasopermeability was closely associated with thick greasy tongue fur formation.Tight junction structural variation of vascular ECs might play an important role in the pathological and physiological process of thick greasy tongue fur formation.

Protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in intestinal barrier permeability after heterotopic intestinal transplantation

AIM:To explore the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM MSCs)in the small intestinal mucosal barrier following heterotopic intestinal transplantation(HIT)in a rat model.METHODS:BM MSCs were isolated from male Lewis rats by density gradient centrifugation,cultured,and analyzed by flow cytometry.The HIT models were divided into a non-rejection group,saline-treated rejection group(via penile vein),and BM MSC–treated group(via penile vein).Intestinal mucosal barrier injury was estimated by diamine oxidase(DAO)and D-lactic acid(D-LA)expression levels.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-10(IL-10),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Ultrastructural change of tight junctions(TJs)was observed under transmission electron microscope.Expression levels of the TJ proteins occludin and zona occludens(ZO)-1,affected by the inflammatory factors,were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.RESULTS:The pathological score at each time point after surgery indicated significantly less serious injury in the BM MSCs-treated group than in the rejection group(P<0.05).In the former,graft levels of DAO and D-LA were reduced,and TNF-αand INF-γproduction was inhibited(at day 7:10.6473±0.0710vs 17.2128±0.4991,P<0.05;545.1506±31.9416vs 810.2637±25.1175,P<0.05).IL-10 and TGF-βproduction was increased greatly(at day 7:125.7773±4.7719 vs 80.3756±2.5866,P<0.05;234.5273±9.3980 vs 545.1506±31.9416,P<0.05).There was increased expression of occludin and ZO-1 protein(at day 7:0.2674±0.0128 vs 0.1352±0.0142,P<0.05;at day 5:0.7189±0.0289 vs 0.4556±0.0242,P<0.05)and mRNA(at day 7:0.3860±0.0254 vs 0.1673±0.0369,P<0.05;at day 5:0.5727±0.0419 vs0.3598±0.0242,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BM MSCs can improve intestinal barrier permeability,repair TJs,and increase occludin and ZO-1 protein expression.With altered cytokine levels,they can protect the intestinal mucosa after transplantation.

Progesterone is neuroprotective by inhibiting cerebral edema after ischemia

Ischemic edema can alter the structure and permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Recent studies have reported that progesterone reduces cerebral edema after cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, progesterone effectively reduced Evans blue extravasation in the ischemic penumbra, but not in the ischemic core, 48 hours after cerebral ischemia in rats. Progesterone also inhibited the down-regulation of gene and protein levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 in the penumbra. These results indicate that progesterone may effectively inhibit the down-regulation of tight junctions, thereby maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and reducing cerebral edema.

小牛血清去蛋白对脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型大鼠血脑屏障的保护作用研究

目的探讨小牛血清去蛋白对脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型大鼠血脑屏障(BBB)的保护作用。方法将100只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组,等体积0. 9%氯化钠溶液)、模型组(B组,等体积0. 9%氯化钠溶液)及小牛血清去蛋白低剂量组(C_1组,7. 5 mg/kg,按肽量计,下同)和高剂量组(C_2组,37. 5 mg/kg),灌胃给药,每天1次,连续10 d。以栓线法建立脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型。在脑缺血-再灌注24 h时测定大鼠缺血区脑组织伊文斯蓝(EB)含量,采用免疫组化法检测大鼠BBB带状闭合蛋白-1(ZO-1)表达水平,以光镜、电镜观察大鼠BBB超微结构,以硝酸镧示踪电镜观察大鼠脑缺血-再灌注48 h时BBB的通透性。结果与A组比较,B组大鼠缺血区脑组织EB含量显著增加,ZO-1阳性血管数显著减少(P <0. 05);大鼠脑间质及神经纤维肿胀,内皮细胞皱缩。再灌注0. 5 h时,内皮细胞间紧密连接处(TJ)可见镧颗粒; 2～6 h时,内皮细胞空泡变多,足突和基底膜分离; 12～24 h时,神经细胞出现变性、坏死、核溶解,基底膜变得不连续; 48 h时,神经细胞坏死数量明显增多,内皮细胞的完整性也逐渐受到破坏。与B组比较,C_1组和C_2组大鼠脑组织EB含量显著减少,C_2组ZO-1阳性血管数显著增加(P <0. 05); C_1组和C_2组大鼠BBB受损程度有所减轻。结论小牛血清去蛋白对脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型大鼠BBB有保护作用,其机制可能与稳定缺血区脑细胞和增强ZO-1表达有关。

Role of zonula occludens in gastrointestinal and liver cancers

A growing body of evidence suggests that tight junction(TJ)proteins play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases,including gastrointestinal(GI)cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).TJ proteins primarily maintain the epithelial and endothelial cells intact together through integral proteins however,recent reports suggest that they also regulate gene expression necessary for cell proliferation,angiogenesis,and metastasis through adapter proteins such as zonula occludens(ZO).ZO proteins are membrane-associated cytosolic scaffolding proteins that modulate cell proliferation by interacting with several transcription factors.Reduced ZO proteins in GI cancer and HCC are correlated with tumor development and poor prognosis.Pubmed has searched for using the keyword ZO and gastric cancer,ZO and cancer,and ZO and HCC for the last ten years to date.This review summarized the role of ZO proteins in cell proliferation and their expression in GI cancer and HCC.Furthermore,therapeutic interventions targeting ZO in GI and liver cancers are reviewed.

帕金森病模型小鼠PV和NOS阳性神经元数目变化

目的探讨1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠未定带小清蛋白(PV)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元的数目变化。方法7周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠12只,随机分为对照组及MPTP组,每组6只。MPTP组采用连续5 d腹腔注射MPTP(30 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))的方法制备PD小鼠模型,对照组以等量生理盐水代替MPTP。采用免疫荧光技术观察黑质区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元及未定带PV、NOS阳性神经元的表达变化。结果与对照组相比,MPTP组小鼠黑质区TH阳性神经元的数目明显减少,差异有统计学意义(t=6.888,P<0.01);未定带PV阳性神经元和NOS阳性神经元数目均明显减少,差异有显著性(t=3.618、15.390,P<0.01)。结论MPTP诱导PD模型小鼠未定带PV和NOS阳性神经元数目明显下降。

紧密连接蛋白1与重症急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺微血管损伤关系的实验研究

目的研究重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)大鼠紧密连接蛋白1(ZO-1)随时间的变化及其与SAP微血管损伤和胰腺组织病理学评分的关系。方法将48只Wistar大鼠随机均分为假手术组(SO组)和SAP组。SO组大鼠开腹后仅翻动胰腺;SAP组大鼠开腹后,以逆行胰胆管微泵注射5%牛磺胆酸钠法制备SAP模型。2组大鼠分别于手术后6、12及24 h各处死8只大鼠,取腹主动脉血测定外周血中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及ZO-1蛋白水平;取胰腺组织行HE染色,观察其病理学变化并评分;同时行免疫组化染色检测ZO-1蛋白的表达情况。结果同时点与SO组比较,各时点SAP组的血清淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、IL-8、TNF-α及ZO-1蛋白水平均较高(P<0.05)。SAP-6 h组和12 h组的血清淀粉酶水平均低于24 h组(P<0.05);SAP组内大鼠的胰蛋白酶、IL-8和ZO-1蛋白水平均随时点延长逐渐升高,各时点组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);SAP组内3个时点组间TNF-α水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多重线性回归模型结果显示,SAP组血清ZO-1蛋白水平与胰腺组织病理学评分(b=0.96,P<0.05)、血清淀粉酶水平(b=0.87,P<0.05)、胰蛋白酶水平(b=0.72,P<0.05)及IL-8水平(b=0.69,P<0.05)均呈正相关,而与TNF-α水平的关系无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HE染色结果显示,各时点SAP组大鼠的胰腺组织损伤程度重于SO组,且随时间延长,SAP大鼠胰腺组织的病理学损伤加重;SAP-12 h组和24 h组的胰腺组织病理学评分均高于6 h组(P<0.05)。SP免疫组化染色结果显示,随时间延长,SAP组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞间及毛细血管壁的ZO-1蛋白颗粒数量减少,且在毛细血管中的表达不连续。结论在SAP的进程中,血清中ZO-1蛋白的水平上升,同时其在胰腺组织中的表达呈下调趋势,表明其与SAP时的胰腺微血管损伤有关。

黄体酮对脑缺血再灌注大鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO－1和occludin表达的影响

目的探讨黄体酮对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障紧密连接蛋白ZO—1、occludin表达及血脑屏障通透性的影响。方法将42只健康雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组（6只）和缺血再灌注组，后者再按再灌注时间分为缺血2h再灌注3h、6h、12h、24h、48h及72h组（各6只）。缺血再灌注组用线栓法制备成大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型。采用荧光分光光度法测定缺血侧脑组织中伊文氏蓝（EB）含虽来评价血脑屏障的通透性，Westernblotting法检测脑组织ZO－1和occludin的表达。取EB漏出最多组的时间点，增设黄体酮干预组和溶剂对照组（各6只1．与相同时间点的缺血再灌注组比较，观察黄体酮对ZO－1、occludin表达及fffL脑屏障通透性的影响。结果缺血2h冉灌注3h时脯组织EB含量丌始增加，再灌注24h时达高峰；ZO—1、occludin的表达在缺血2h再灌注3h时开始下降，再灌注24h时达最低。黄体酮干预组EB含量明显低于缺血2h再灌注24h组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。黄体酮干预组ZO—1和occludin的表达水平均明显高于缺血2h再灌注24h组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论黄体酮可抑制缺出再灌注大鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO－1和occludin表达的降低，从而起到保护舡脑屏障的作用。

Efficacy of Qifu Lizhong enema prescription(芪附理中灌肠方)on intestinal mucosal tight junction function modulation of ulcerative colitis rat model

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of Qifu Lizhong enema prescription(芪附理中灌肠方,QFLZ)on intervening ulcerative colitis(UC)rat model with TCM spleen and kidney Yang insufficiency syndrome METHODS:Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups:normal model,mesalazine,and QFLZ high,medium,and low dose groups,each with 12 rats.After 3 d of adaptation feeding,all groups except the normal group were induced using rhubarb decoction in combination with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)/55%ethanol to establish a UC rat model.Following successful modeling,the normal and model groups received daily saline enema,while the Chinese medicine and Western medicine groups received daily QFLZ and Mesalazine enema for 2 weeks respectively.The disease activity index score,hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of claudin 1,claudin 2,zonula occludens-1protein(ZO-1),and F-actin proteins in each rat colon tissue following treatment.RESULTS:QFLZ significantly alleviated the structural disorganization in the form of epithelial glands in the intestinal mucosa of rats with UC and retarded the progression of the disease.The intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of UC rats showed decreased expression of claudin 1,ZO-1,F-actin(P<0.05),claudin 2 appeared elevated(P<0.05),which resulted in impaired TJ.Treatment with QFLZ resulted in elevated expression of claudin 1(P<0.05),ZO-1(P<0.05)and F-actin(P<0.05)and decreased expression of claudin 2(P<0.05),which allowed for repair of the intestinal mucosal TJ,which in turn served as a treatment for UC.CONCLUSIONS:The mechanism of repairing TJ function and repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier by QFLZ may be associated with up-regulation of claudin 1,ZO-1,and F-actin levels,and down-regulation of claudin 2 expression level.

多系分化持续应激细胞保护肠上皮细胞间紧密连接蛋白研究

目的观察大鼠多系分化持续应激(Muse)细胞对肠上皮细胞间紧密连接结构的保护作用。方法贴壁筛选法自大鼠(6只,购自中国食品药品检定院)股骨内分离大骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs),长时间胰蛋白酶孵育法(LTi)自BMMSCs中分离大鼠Muse细胞,流式细胞术标记如白细胞分化抗原(CD)29、CD34、CD90等及特异阶段胚胎抗原-3(SSEA-3)抗体;免疫组织化学法标记Nanog同框蛋白(NANOG)等抗体,定向诱导分化后标记α-甲胎蛋白(AFP)等鉴定其多能分化能力;重组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)建立体外肠上皮细胞损伤损伤模型;与Muse细胞共培养后检测细胞增殖能力及桥接蛋白-1(ZO-1)的表达水平及形态,组间比较采用t检验。结果LTi后,大鼠BMMSCs中(2.57±0.57)%能够形成特征性的Muse细胞簇;流式细胞术结果表明,Muse细胞保留了BMMSCs表面分子特征,SSEA-3的阳性细胞比例[(73.2±1.4)%]显著高于BMMSCs[(2.3±0.3)%];免疫荧光实验表明,培养的Muse细胞阳性表达NANOG等多能分化标记,定向诱导分化后分别能够表达AFP等分化标记;Muse细胞与TNF-α炎症损伤的肠上皮细胞共培养后,其增殖细胞比例[(40.06±1.04)%]高于损伤[(23.10±2.05)%]组的细胞(t=12.79,P<0.05)及ZO-1蛋白的相对表达水平(0.55±0.03、0.27±0.01,t=13.03,P<0.05)。结论大鼠Muse细胞具有更加理想的保护炎症损伤肠上皮细胞紧密连接结构的作用。

三化汤对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织胞质附着蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察三化汤对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织胞质附着蛋白(ZO-1)表达的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、三化汤低、高剂量组(7.2,14.4 g·kg-1)、尼莫地平组(8.1 mg·kg-1)。大鼠常规饲养3 d后灌胃给药,每日1次,连续7 d后采用线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型。脑缺血2 h再灌注24 h后,取脑组织采用免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠ZO-1的表达。结果:与假手术组比,模型组脑组织ZO-1表达显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比,三化汤高剂量组脑组织ZO-1表达显著升高(P<0.01),尼莫地平组脑组织ZO-1表达也明显升高(P<0.05),三化汤低剂量组脑组织ZO-1表达升高不明显,无显著性差异;三化汤高剂量组升高脑组织ZO-1表达较尼莫地平组明显(P<0.05)。结论:三化汤对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用。