Tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)/ZrO_(2))solid acid catalysts with different WO_(3) contents were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Xinjiang.The WO_(3)/ZrO_(2...Tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)/ZrO_(2))solid acid catalysts with different WO_(3) contents were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Xinjiang.The WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalyst was characterized by a range of characterization methods,including X-ray diffraction,NH3-temperature programmed desorption,and pyridine infrared spectroscopy.The WO_(3) content of the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) catalysts had an important impact on the structure and property of the catalysts.When the WO_(3) mass fraction was 20%,it facilitated the formation of tetragonal zirconia,thereby enhancing the creation of robust acidic sites.Acidity is considered to have a strong impact on the catalytic performance of the aquathermolysis of heavy oil.When the catalyst containing 20%WO_(3) was used to catalyze the aquathermolysis of heavy oil under conditions of 14.5 MPa,340℃,and 24 h,the viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 47266 to 5398 mPa·s and the viscosity reduction rate reached 88.6%.The physicochemical properties of heavy oil before and after the aquathermolysis were analyzed using a saturates,aromatics,resins,and asphaltenes analysis,gas chromatography,elemental analysis,densimeter etc.After the aquathermolysis,the saturate and aromatic contents significantly increased from 43.3%to 48.35%and 19.47%to 21.88%,respectively,with large reductions in the content of resin and asphaltene from 28.22%to 25.06%and 5.36%to 2.03%,respectively.The sulfur and nitrogen contents,and the density of the oil were significantly decreased.These factors were likely the main reasons for promoting the viscosity reduction of heavy oil during the aquathermolysis over the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalysts.展开更多
超高镍层状材料LiNi_(0.92)Co_(0.04)Mn_(0.04)O_(2)(简称NCM92)因其具有较高的能量密度和价格优势,已成为锂离子电池重要的正极材料来源之一。然而,由于该材料的界面不稳定和不可逆相变,商业应用面临特别是在高截止电压下快速的容量衰...超高镍层状材料LiNi_(0.92)Co_(0.04)Mn_(0.04)O_(2)(简称NCM92)因其具有较高的能量密度和价格优势,已成为锂离子电池重要的正极材料来源之一。然而,由于该材料的界面不稳定和不可逆相变,商业应用面临特别是在高截止电压下快速的容量衰落和严重的结构退化的问题。本研究设计了一种ZrO_(2)/Li_(2)ZrO_(3)双包覆层改性超高镍单晶正极材料,同时材料表面均匀掺杂有Zr元素,通过双包覆层协同策略显著增强了正极的高压性能和结构稳定性。研究结果表明,ZrO_(2)/Li_(2)ZrO_(3)双包覆层可以有效缓解超高镍正极材料H2-H3相变的不可逆性,提高力学稳定性和界面稳定性,同时表面Zr掺杂进入晶体结构中的TM层与Li位抑制Li/Ni混排并扩宽了晶格间距,ZrO_(2)/Li_(2)ZrO_(3)双包覆层与Zr掺杂改性的材料(NCM92-Zr)展现出优异的电化学性能,在0.5 C(200 mA·g^(-1))电流密度下,2.75~4.4 V电压范围内循环150圈后仍有155.2 mA h g^(-1)的放电比容量,容量保持率高达75.5%。此研究为在高截止电压下超高镍正极的复杂机制和改进的结构稳定性提供了新的思路。展开更多
基金the financial support from the Open Fund Project of the National Oil Shale Exploitation Research and Development Center,China(No.33550000-22-ZC0613-0255)the Graduate Student Innovation and Practical Ability Training Program of Xi’an Shiyou University(No.YCS23213098)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274039)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Program No.2024JC-YBMS-085)the CNPC Innovation Found(No.2022DQ02-0402)The authors also thank the Modern Analysis and Test Center of Xi’an Shiyou University for their help with the characterization of catalysts and analysis of products.
文摘Tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)/ZrO_(2))solid acid catalysts with different WO_(3) contents were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Xinjiang.The WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalyst was characterized by a range of characterization methods,including X-ray diffraction,NH3-temperature programmed desorption,and pyridine infrared spectroscopy.The WO_(3) content of the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) catalysts had an important impact on the structure and property of the catalysts.When the WO_(3) mass fraction was 20%,it facilitated the formation of tetragonal zirconia,thereby enhancing the creation of robust acidic sites.Acidity is considered to have a strong impact on the catalytic performance of the aquathermolysis of heavy oil.When the catalyst containing 20%WO_(3) was used to catalyze the aquathermolysis of heavy oil under conditions of 14.5 MPa,340℃,and 24 h,the viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 47266 to 5398 mPa·s and the viscosity reduction rate reached 88.6%.The physicochemical properties of heavy oil before and after the aquathermolysis were analyzed using a saturates,aromatics,resins,and asphaltenes analysis,gas chromatography,elemental analysis,densimeter etc.After the aquathermolysis,the saturate and aromatic contents significantly increased from 43.3%to 48.35%and 19.47%to 21.88%,respectively,with large reductions in the content of resin and asphaltene from 28.22%to 25.06%and 5.36%to 2.03%,respectively.The sulfur and nitrogen contents,and the density of the oil were significantly decreased.These factors were likely the main reasons for promoting the viscosity reduction of heavy oil during the aquathermolysis over the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalysts.
文摘超高镍层状材料LiNi_(0.92)Co_(0.04)Mn_(0.04)O_(2)(简称NCM92)因其具有较高的能量密度和价格优势,已成为锂离子电池重要的正极材料来源之一。然而,由于该材料的界面不稳定和不可逆相变,商业应用面临特别是在高截止电压下快速的容量衰落和严重的结构退化的问题。本研究设计了一种ZrO_(2)/Li_(2)ZrO_(3)双包覆层改性超高镍单晶正极材料,同时材料表面均匀掺杂有Zr元素,通过双包覆层协同策略显著增强了正极的高压性能和结构稳定性。研究结果表明,ZrO_(2)/Li_(2)ZrO_(3)双包覆层可以有效缓解超高镍正极材料H2-H3相变的不可逆性,提高力学稳定性和界面稳定性,同时表面Zr掺杂进入晶体结构中的TM层与Li位抑制Li/Ni混排并扩宽了晶格间距,ZrO_(2)/Li_(2)ZrO_(3)双包覆层与Zr掺杂改性的材料(NCM92-Zr)展现出优异的电化学性能,在0.5 C(200 mA·g^(-1))电流密度下,2.75~4.4 V电压范围内循环150圈后仍有155.2 mA h g^(-1)的放电比容量,容量保持率高达75.5%。此研究为在高截止电压下超高镍正极的复杂机制和改进的结构稳定性提供了新的思路。
