Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

Effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of smokeinduced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE： Improvement in lung function was reported after acupuncture treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Because an immune response imbalance could be seen in COPD, we hypothesize that electroacupuncture （EA） may play a role in regulating inflammatory cytokines and contribute to lung protection in a rat model of smoke-induced COPD. METHODS： A COPD model using male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups （control, sham, COPD, and COPD plus EA）, and COPD model was evaluated by measuring pulmonary pathological changes and lung function. EA was applied to the acupuncture point Zusanli （ST36） for 30 min/d for 14 d in sham and COPD rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-113 （IL-113）, and malonaldehyde （MDA）. RESULTS： Compared with the control rats, COPD rats had significant changes in lung resistance （R,） and lung compliance （C,） （both P〈0.01）, bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.01）, and levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β（P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences between the control and the sham groups. Compared with the COPD rats, the COPD plus EA rats had decreased R, and increased CL （both P〈0.05）, and reduced bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.05, P〈0.01, respectively）, while levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MDA in BALF were lowered （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. However, TNF-α and IL-1β levels of the EA group rats remained higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： EA at ST36 can reduce lung injury in a COPD rat model, and beneficial effects may be related to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may prolong the clinical benefit of EA.

Effects of pre-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) on heat shock protein 70 expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesions after neurotomy

Studies have shown that pre-moxibustion protects the gastric mucosa by up-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70. However, the signaling pathway underlying this effect remains unclear. Rats were intragastrically administered absolute alcohol, causing obvious lesion of the gastric mucosa. Following pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi （ST36） for 8 days, the ulcer index decreased to different degrees. The results of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting showed significant upregulation of heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa and serum. None out of transection of the spinal cord, damage to the nucleus of the solitary tract, neurotomy of the vagal nerve and neurotomy of the common peroneal nerve affected the decrease in ulcer index or the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in serum after pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi, and heat shock protein 70 expression was obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi can protect the gastric mucosa against lesioning, and that the mechanism underlying this effect involves its induction of heat shock protein 70 expression. Neural pathways participate in the regulatory effects of moxibustion on heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa.

Comparison of protective effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced lung phenotype in rat offspring

Objective:To compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on the lung phenotype of rat offspring exposed to nicotine during the perinatal period.Methods:Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group(saline only),the model group(nicotine only),the EA group(nicotine+EA at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally),and the moxibustion group(nicotine+moxibustion at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally).n=6 rats per group.On postnatal day 21,the body weight,lung weight,and pulmonary function were determined and lung morphometry was performed.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma andβ-catenin levels in the lung tissue of offspring were also determined.Results:Perinatal nicotine exposure(PNE)results in decreased body and lung weights of offspring rats,abnormal lung tissue morphology,and significantly altered pulmonary function,showing an increase in total airway resistance and a decrease in tidal volume,minute ventilation,total airway compliance,and peak expiratory flow.Bilateral EA at ST 36 acupoints could block all of these perinatal nicotine-induced effects.Although moxibustion also had protective effects in nicotine-induced offspring lungs,some of these effects did not reach statistical significance,e.g.,protection against the upregulation ofβ-catenin,the downregulation of PPARγsignaling,and the increase in peak expiratory flow.Conclusion:Maternal EA at ST 36 blocked the PNE-induced changes in key developmental signaling pathways,prevented the PNE-induced changes in lung morphology,and protected pulmonary function.Moxibustion at ST 36 showed similar but weaker protective effects against the PNE-induced changes in the exposed offspring.It is important to note that the mechanism underlying the protective effects of moxibustion at ST 36 may be different from those of EA at ST 36,and further research is needed to understand these differences.

Adenosine triphosphate mediates the pain tolerance effect of manual acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) in mice

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine,we delved into the adenosine triphosphate/peripheral purinergic P2X receptor 3(ATP/P2X3)receptor signaling system as an indicator of the body's energy state,commonly referred to as"Qi".METHODS:The tail-flick test was utilized to explore the impact of acupuncture on pain tolerance threshold(PTT)in mice,while also assessing adenosine(ADO)levels and adenylate energy charge(EC)at Zusanli(ST36).The study further investigated the dose-dependent effects of acupuncture on PTT and ADO levels at Zusanli(ST36).To shed light on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture's effects,the study examined the impact of ATP,a P2X3 receptor antagonist,and adenosine disodium on PTT following acupuncture administration.RESULTS:Acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36)led to significant improvements in PTT in mice,with the most effective interventions being twirling for 2 min and needle retention for 28 min.These interventions also resulted in significant increases in ATP levels.The effects of acupuncture were further augmented by administration of different doses of ATP at Zusanli(ST36),and pretreatment with a P2X3 receptor antagonist decreased PTT.Adenylate EC peaked at 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of ATP,and pretreatment with various doses of i.p.ATP 30 min prior to acupuncture increased PTT in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,pretreatment with an i.p.or intramuscular injection of adenosine disodium enhanced the effects of acupuncture.CONCLUSION:This research provides compelling evidence that ATP is involved in the regulation of PTT through acupuncture,revealing new avenues for achieving enhanced clinical outcomes.

曲安奈德足三里穴位注射治疗非过敏性鼻炎的临床观察

目的观察曲安奈德注射液足三里穴位注射治疗非过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效并探讨其作用机制。方法随机选取非过敏性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)与过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)门诊患者各50例,均予以双侧足三里穴位注射曲安奈德注射液治疗,每周1次,连续注射4周。治疗前后检测患者Th1、Th2相关因子水平;观察两组治疗4周时、3月后以及1年后随访期间的鼻部症状总评分(TNSS)变化,比较分析两组近期疗效和远期疗效。结果NAR组与AR组在治疗4周结束时、疗后3月及1年随访期间的TNSS均比治疗前明显下降(P<0.05)。NAR组与AR组患者治疗4周后的血清白介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)水平均比治疗前上升(P<0.05),白介素-4(IL-4)则较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05)。治疗4周后NAR组有效率84.0%,AR组有效率92.0%。随访期间,疗后3月NAR组有效率72.0%,AR组有效率64.0%,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);1年后,NAR组总有效率54.0%,AR组总有效率30.0%,NAR组总有效率显著高于AR组(P<0.05)。结论足三里穴位注射治疗NAR远期疗效更佳,对脾气虚弱和肺气虚寒型的治疗有效率更高。其机制可能与提升Th1细胞因子的分泌并抑制IL-4的产生,从而调节Th1/Th2的稳定状态相关。

益气养阴降糖方联合穴位注射治疗初发2型糖尿病临床观察

【目的】观察益气养阴降糖方(由黄芪、生地黄、白茅根、麦冬、葛根等中药组成)联合穴位注射治疗初发2型糖尿病的临床疗效。【方法】将100例气阴两虚兼血瘀证的初发2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各50例。对照组给予盐酸二甲双胍片口服治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予益气养阴降糖方中药颗粒剂联合穴位注射(每次取足三里、肾俞、气海单侧穴位)治疗,疗程为4周。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和血清炎症因子白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平以及血液流变学指标(全血低切黏度和全血高切黏度)的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效及安全性。【结果】(1)脱落情况方面:研究过程中,治疗组脱落5例,对照组脱落4例,最终共有91例患者纳入疗效统计,其中,治疗组45例,对照组46例。(2)疗效方面:治疗4周后,治疗组的总有效率为93.33%(42/45),对照组为71.74%(33/46),组间比较(χ2检验),治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)中医证候评分方面:治疗后,2组患者的口干咽燥、夜尿频多、气短乏力、潮热盗汗等各项中医证候评分及总评分均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)血糖、血脂方面:治疗后,2组患者的FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、TC、TG水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(5)炎症因子方面:治疗后,2组患者的血清IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),且治疗组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(6)血液流变学方面:治疗后,2组患者的全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度等血液流变学指标均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(7)安全性评价方面:治疗组的不良反应发生率为8.89%(4/45),明显低于对照组的21.74%(10/46),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。【结论】对于气阴两虚兼血瘀证的初发2型糖尿病患者,益气养阴降糖方联合穴位注射治疗疗效显著,能有效减轻患者早期临床表现,降低患者血糖、血脂、炎症因子水平,改善患者的血液流变学指标,提高患者的生活质量。

内关穴和足三里穴位刺激对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术麻醉及术后胃肠功能的影响

目的 观察内关穴和足三里穴位刺激对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术麻醉及术后胃肠功能的影响。方法 以2021年1月—2022年6月医院进行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的患者126例作为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为两组,每组63例,对照组术后常规镇痛干预,观察组在对照组基础上进行内关穴和足三里穴位刺激,比较两组的麻醉术后恢复、胃肠功能及免疫功能情况和不良反应发生率,观察指标包括疼痛视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS)、拉姆齐(Ramsay)镇静评分,胃肠反应分级,肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、进食流质饮食时间、排便时间,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD^(+)3、CD^(+)4、CD^(+)8)及自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell, NK),不良反应。结果 术后24、48 h观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48 h观察组胃肠反应分级显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、进食流质饮食时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组均短于对照组。术后5 d两组CD^(+)3、CD^(+)4、NK水平均显著升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组CD^(+)8变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为9.53%,对照组不良反应发生率为14.29%,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 内关穴和足三里穴位刺激有利于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者麻醉及术后恢复,镇痛、镇静效果良好,胃肠功能恢复更快,提高患者免疫功能,利于术后康复。

Protective effect of electroacupuncture preconditioning at zúsānlǐ(足三里 ST36) on mitochondria in the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Objective： The study explored the effect of applying electroacupuncture（EA） preconditioning at ST 36 on mitochondria in rats with intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods： Forty SD rats were divided into four sets： sham operation group（sham group）; intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group（I/R group）; EA preconditioning at ST 36 followed by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury（ST 36 ＋ I/R group）; EA preconditioning at the lateral site away from ST360.5 cm followed by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury（N＋I/R group）. For the sham group, the rats were opened abdominal cavity for 3 h and 20 min and their abdominal cavities were covered with wet gauze avoiding drying and kept on the thermostat at 37 0 C. For the ischemia/reperfusion（I/R） group,rats were anaesthetised and their abdominal cavities were opened to expose jejunum segments. The segment＇s collateral blood supply was restricted by bilateral ligation of the intestine. Next, one of the branches of a mesenteric artery was occluded with a thread for 20 min and then the thread was released after such ischemia conditions, keeping reperfusion for 3 h. For the ST36 ＋ I/R group, the electroacupuncture at ST36 was first performed, then the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion model was constructed. For the N ＋ I/R group, electroacupuncture at non ST36 acupoint, which is away from ST36 about 0.5 cm, and then the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion model was performed. Measurements of the levels of inflammatory markers tumour necrosis factor a（TNFa） and interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β）, cytochrome c（CYCS）, and the mitochondrial membrane pro-apoptotic protein（BAX）, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 were performed.Results： Compared to I/R group, the intensity of cytoplasmic CYCS in intestinal tissues was significantly decreased in the ST 36 ＋ I/R group（1.65 vs. 0.18, p〈0.05）. Compared to N ＋ I/R group, the intensity of cytoplasmic CYCS in intestinal tissues was also dramatically declined in the ST 36 ＋ I/R group（1.37 vs. 0.18, p〈0.05）. The level of CYCS in mitochondria in rats in the ST 36 ＋ I/R group were appreciably increased than those of rats in the I/Rgroup（1.42 vs. 0.06, p〈0.05）, and CYCS in mitochondria was also largely expressed in ST36 ＋ I/R group than N ＋ I/R group（1.42 vs. 0.08, p〈0.05）. Bcl-2 was shown to be elevated in the ST 36 ＋ I/R group than I/R group（1.01 vs. 0.10） and N ＋ I/R group（1.01 vs. 0.09, all p〈0.05）, whereas BAX expression was greatly decreased in the ST36 ＋ I/R group than I/R group（0.11 vs.0.78） and N ＋ I/R group（0.11 vs. 0.87, all p〈0.05）.Conclusion： The results suggest the EA intervention has a protective effect upon mitochondria, preventing CYCS release and the subsequent activation of downstream apoptosis pathway. It is proposed that patients due to undergo gastrointestinal surgery get benefit from EA preconditioning at ST 36.

穴位注射联合贴敷治疗腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱的疗效观察及对胃肠黏膜损伤的影响

目的观察穴位注射足三里穴联合腹部穴位贴敷治疗腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱的临床疗效及对患者胃肠黏膜损伤修复作用和创伤应激、胃泌素调节及血清生长素释放肽(Ghrelin)和胃动素(motilin,MTL)的影响。方法将128例腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱患者按随机数字表法分为联合组和西医组,每组64例。西医组予西医常规治疗,联合组在西医常规治疗基础上予穴位注射足三里穴联合腹部穴位贴敷治疗。比较两组肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间和临床疗效,观察两组治疗前后中医证候积分、血清MTL、Ghrelin、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)、二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)、D-乳酸(D-lactic acid,D-LA)、瓜氨酸、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、醛固酮和皮质醇水平的变化。结果联合组总有效率为96.9%,高于西医组的84.4%(P<0.05)。联合组治疗后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间均较西医组短(P<0.05);联合组治疗后中医证候积分中疲乏无力、食欲不振、脘腹痞满、食物后痞满加重、大便溏稀和恶心呕吐的评分较西医组降低(P<0.05);联合组治疗后血清TNF-α、醛固酮、皮质醇、DAO、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ和D-LA水平低于西医组(P<0.05);联合组治疗后血清MTL、Ghrelin、GAS和瓜氨酸水平高于西医组(P<0.05)。结论在西医常规治疗基础上,穴位注射足三里穴联合腹部穴位贴敷治疗腹腔镜术后胃肠功能紊乱可减少患者创伤应激反应,改善胃动力,促进胃肠黏膜损伤修复,缓解患者临床症状,提高临床疗效。

联合针刺梁丘穴和足三里穴与足三里穴和上巨虚穴的fMRI-BOLD对比研究

目的:探讨同一经络内2个相邻穴位针刺的联合效应,为针刺的中枢机制和经络学说提供一定证据。方法:50例健康志愿者随机分为2组,分别行右侧梁丘穴+足三里穴和足三里穴+上巨虚穴脉冲电针治疗仪针刺。采用区块设计模式行fMRI,分析针刺过程中的脑活动模式,并比较2组的差异。记录2组针刺感觉类型和强度,评估针刺感觉与脑活动的关系。结果:梁丘穴+足三里组和足三里穴+上巨虚穴组共同激活区集中在右侧额上回眶缘、左侧额下回盖部、左侧前扣带回和左侧眶前回,2组共同负激活区则集中在右侧缘上回、右侧尾状核、右侧壳核和左侧岛叶。梁丘穴+足三里穴组在左侧额下回盖部、左侧前扣带回等区域更活跃,而足三里穴+上巨虚穴组在右侧缘上回、左侧岛叶和左侧壳核等区域更活跃。结论:同一经络内2个相邻穴位的针刺刺激可产生协同效应,不同穴位组合对大脑活动的影响也有差异。这些结果可为针刺的中枢机制和经络学说提供一定证据,为针刺方案的设计提供参考。

Electro-acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) to improve lower extremity motor function in sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke A randomized controlled study of 240 cases

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that sensory transduction is a way to introduce needle sensation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of electro-acupuncture at the ＂Zusanll＂ （ST 36） point on lower extremity motor function in various sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, clinical study was performed at the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Centre from September 2006 to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Patients with first-time cerebral infarction or hemorrhage, or with a stroke history, but no neurodysfunction （single damage）, were selected for this study. The subjects were right-handed and disease state was stable. A total of 240 inpatients were randomly assigned to the following groups： electro-acupuncture （n = 124） and control （n = 116）. The two groups were further assigned into sub-groups： no sensory disturbance, superficial sensory disturbance, deep sensory disturbance, and deep and superficial sensory disturbance. METHODS： On the basis of routine limb function training, the acupoint Zusanliwas utilized in all patients from the electro-acupuncture group. Perpendicular acupuncture was 3.0-4.0 cm deep. An electric acupuncture instrument was connected when patients developed the needle sensation, deqi. A stimulation pattern consisting of distant and dense waves of 50 Hz was used to elicit slight dorsal foot extension. Acupuncture was administered 5 times per week, 30 minutes per session, for 6 weeks in total. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： FugI-Meyer assessment （FMA） was used to evaluate lower extremity motor function; Ver.1.0 gait analysis to estimate gait （step frequency, step speed, and step scope）; lower extremity Composite Spasticity Scale （CSS） to estimate muscle spastic degree. RESULTS： Following treatment, motor function improved in both groups. Compared with the control group, FMA score, step speed, step frequency, and step scope were increased in the electro-acupuncture group, but there was no difference in lower extremity CSS scores between the electro-acupuncture and the control groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control group, Zusanli （ST 36） electro-acupuncture improved motor function indices as follows： FMA score, step frequency, step speed, and step scope of patients with no sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, step frequency of patients with superficial sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）, and step frequency and step speed of patients with deep sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Zusanfi （ST 36） electro-acupuncture effects on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients were improved with no muscle tone rise. Therefore, this form of treatment can be used in convalescent treatment, Moreover, effects were different according to various sensory disturbance types, which suggested that sensory input influenced acupuncture effects.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MOXIBUSTION AT ZUSANLI(ST 36) AND LIANGMEN (ST 21) INDUCING HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70) EXPRESSION TO RESIST OXIDATIVE INJURY OF GASTRIC MUCOSA

To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in resisting oxidative injury of the gastric mucosa. Methods： Sixty SD rats were evenly randomized into 4 groups, a blank group, a model group, an acupoint moxibustion group and a non-acupoint moxibustion group. Water restraint stress （WRS） method was used to make stress gastric ulcer rat model. The ulcerative index （Ul） of gastric mucosa was evaluated by using GUTH method, the gastric mu- cosa blood flux （GMBF） was detected by a laser Doppler bloodflow monitor, and HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the gastric mucosa were determined respectively with immunohistochemical and thiobarbiturate methods. Results： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） significantly de- creased Ul, up-regulated HSP70 expression, increased GMBF, and decreased MDA content in the gastric mucosa in the rat of stress gastric ulcer, with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint moxibustion group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） can induce high expression of HSP70 and decrease MDA content in the gastric mucosa, so as to resist oxidative injury, with relative acupoint specificity.

TREATMENT WITH ACUPUNCTURE AT ZUSANLI (St 36) FOR EPIGASTRIC PAIN IN THE ELDERLY

Acupuncture at a single point is a spe-cial feature in the treatment of acute symp-toms for its simplicity and effectiveness.Theauthor experienced many cases of acuteepigastric pain treated with acupuncture at asingle acupoint with satisfactory results.Pain in the elderly is most often of

Effect of grouped ST36 or RN12 on gastric motility and sensation

Objective: To investigate the effects of paired ST36 and RN12 acupuncture stimulation on gastric motility and the firing rate of responsible neurons in anesthetized rats.Methods: Using electrophysiological methods, we measured the effects of acupuncture at RN12, ST36, or RN12+ST36 on gastric motility as well as nerve discharges from the gastric sympathetic, vagal nerve, and wide dynamic range(WDR) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn T7-9 in anesthetized rats.Results: 1) Acupuncture at RN12 inhibited gastric motility(83.84±4.49)% and vagal nerve discharge(65.64±5.67)%, but promoted sympathetic nerve activity(243.70±40.67)%; acupuncture at ST36 induced opposing effects on gastric motility(111.31±2.01)% and vagal nerve discharge(166.98±15.92)%. Interestingly, acupuncture at RN12+ST36 together yielded effects similar to that of acupuncture at RN12 alone(93.59±2.05)%,(54.52±7.12)%. 2) WDR neuron discharges induced by gastric distension were inhibited by acupuncture at RN12(194.56 ±18.79)%. However, acupuncture at ST36 induced a more significant inhibitory effect.Conclusion: Acupuncture at RN12 inhibits gastric motility by activation of the sympathetic reflex at the spinal level; acupuncture at ST36 promotes gastric motility by activation of the parasympathetic reflex at the supraspinal level, and acupuncture at RN12+ST36 produces a similar decrease in gastric motility as RN12 stimulation alone. Both acupoints decrease the effect of noxious gastric distention on WDR neuron activity, but paired RN12+ST36 stimulation does not significantly affect WDR neuron discharge.

经皮穴位电刺激治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者的临床观察

目的探讨经皮穴位电刺激(Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,TEAS)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(Arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的临床疗效。方法选取2021年3月—2022年10月期间南昌大学第一附属医院收治的98例ASO患者,按随机数字表法分为TEAS组和对照组,每组各49例。对照组予以常规治疗:包括控制饮食,低盐低脂饮食、控制血压、降血脂治疗,TEAS组给予TEAS治疗。治疗3周后,观察比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后的临床症状积分、踝肱指数(Ankle brachial index,ABI)和视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale score,VAS)、血清白细胞介素-6((Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、β2微球蛋白(β2 microglobulin,β2-M)水平。结果治疗后两组患者各临床症状积分及总积分均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且TEAS组各临床症状积分及总积分较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者ABI值均明显高于治疗前,VAS评分明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且TEAS组ABI值较对照组明显升高,VAS评分较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、β2-M水平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且TEAS组血清TNF-α、IL-6、β2-M水平较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TEAS组的治疗总有效率(93.88%)高于对照组(73.47%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生严重不良事件。结论TEAS治疗ASO能够有效改善下肢缺血,抑制炎症反应,减轻肢端麻木、酸胀、发冷等症状,减轻疼痛,改善下肢功能,治疗效果显著,且无明显不良反应。

电针调控背根神经节巨噬细胞浸润改善紫杉醇诱导神经病理痛的机制研究

目的:观察电针双侧足三里穴对紫杉醇诱导神经病理痛小鼠模型背根神经节(DRG)巨噬细胞标记物CD68、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响,探讨电针调控紫杉醇诱导神经病理痛的机制。方法:选择成年C57小鼠30只,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、电针组,每组10只。模型组、电针组在第1、3、5、7天分别通过腹腔注射2 mg/kg紫杉醇进行造模;对照组注射相同体积的溶媒。造模结束后(第9天),电针组给予电针双侧足三里穴治疗,频率15 Hz,强度1 mA,30 min/次,1次/d,共7 d。采用“up and down”法测定足底机械阈值(PWMT);采用苏木精和伊红(HE)染色观察各组DRG组织的病理特征;采用免疫荧光染色法检测DRG组织MCP-1和CD68免疫阳性面积百分比;采用Western blot法检测DRG组织CD68、MCP-1、iNOS和IL-1β蛋白表达水平;采用透射电镜观察DRG组织巨噬细胞超微结构。结果:①PWMT:与对照组同一时间点比较,模型组第8、11、13、15天PWMT明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组同一时间点比较,电针组第11、13、15天PWMT明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②DRG组织病理学特征:炎症细胞形态为近圆形,颜色为蓝紫色,对照组有少量的炎症细胞,模型组聚集浸润状态的炎症细胞数量增加,电针组聚集浸润状态的炎症细胞数量较少。③DRG组织MCP-1、CD68免疫阳性面积百分比:与对照组比较,模型组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68免疫阳性面积百分比明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68免疫阳性面积百分比明显降低(P<0.05)。④DRG组织MCP-1、CD68、IL-1β和iNOS蛋白表达水平:与对照组比较,模型组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68、IL-1β和iNOS蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68、IL-1β和iNOS蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05)。⑤DRG组织巨噬细胞超微结构:对照组DRG组织巨噬细胞形态呈近圆形,有圆钝形突起;模型组DRG组织巨噬细胞形态呈扁平状,有伪足,胞体比对照组大;电针组DRG组织巨噬细胞的形态呈近圆形,胞体比对照组大。结论:电针双侧足三里穴可改善紫杉醇诱导的神经病理痛小鼠疼痛程度,其机制可能是电针通过下调DRG中MCP-1表达,抑制巨噬细胞在DRG组织中的浸润,减少DRG组织中IL-1β、iNOS和CD68炎症因子释放,从而发挥镇痛作用。

基于16S rDNA高通量测序研究电针对腹泻型肠易激综合征大鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

目的采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术,分析电针足三里对腹泻型肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea,IBS-D)大鼠肠道菌群物种相对丰度和多样性的影响,探讨电针对IBS-D的作用机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、电针组。采用束缚联合番泻叶煎剂灌胃法造模,电针组采用电针双侧足三里干预,空白组与模型组不做干预处理。干预结束后,检测大鼠内脏敏感性,并取大鼠粪便进行16S rDNA高通量测序技术检测大鼠肠道菌群。结果(1)与空白组比较,模型组大鼠腹壁回撤反射评分明显升高(P<0.05);经过电针治疗后,在20 mmHg压力下的腹壁回撤反射评分明显降低(P<0.05)。(2)与空白组相比,模型组OTU数目明显降低,电针组接近于空白组。(3)与空白组相比,模型组芽孢杆菌纲、乳杆菌属、真杆菌属等丰度明显降低,拟杆菌纲、梭菌纲、δ-变形杆菌纲、毛螺菌属等丰度明显升高,而电针组上述菌纲/属丰度均有所改善。(4)三组的Beta多样性分析结果显示,模型组与空白组的样本明显被区分开,而电针组则在两组之间。结论IBS-D与内脏高敏感性以及肠道菌群结构紊乱有关,电针能调节IBS-D大鼠内脏敏感性以及肠道菌群物种相对丰度,改善菌群多样性。

电针对正常小鼠血清单胺类神经递质的影响

目的观察单次电针对小鼠血清中单胺类神经递质的影响。方法30只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组和电针组,每组15只。电针组单次电针双侧足三里穴,对照组仅予电针组相同的束缚。采用高效液相色谱仪测定电针干预前及干预后1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、24 h血清中去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、多巴胺(dopamine,DA)及其代谢产物3,4-二羟苯乙酸(3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceticacid,DOPAC)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)及其代谢产物5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-hydroxyindole acetic acid,5-HIAA)的含量。结果干预前,两组血清各单胺类神经递质比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组干预后1 h、2 h、4 h和8 h血清NE含量较干预前降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);电针组干预后24 h血清NE含量显著低于对照组和干预前(P<0.01)。两组干预后血清DA含量和DOPAC/DA比值在各个时间点均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),对照组干预后2 h血清DOPAC含量较干预前降低(P<0.05),电针组干预后4 h和8 h血清DOPAC含量较干预前升高(P<0.01);电针组干预后2 h、4 h、8 h和24 h血清DA含量高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),DOPAC/DA比值低于对照组(P<0.01)。两组干预后各时间点血清5-HT含量均降低(P<0.01),两组血清5-HIAA在各个时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组干预后8 h和24 h血清5-HIAA/5-HT比值较干预前降低(P<0.05),电针组干预后1 h、4 h和24 h血清5-HIAA/5-HT比值较干预前升高(P<0.01);电针组干预后2 h和4 h血清5-HT含量低于对照组(P<0.05),干预后1 h、4 h、8 h和24 h血清5-HIAA/5-HT比值高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论单次电针可对生理状态下小鼠外周血血清单胺类神经递质的含量产生影响。

高玉瑃教授针刺治疗周围性面瘫的思路和特色

周围性面瘫的发病率逐年增长,针刺治疗该病有独特优势。高玉瑃教授为河北省首届针灸大师,擅长治疗周围性面瘫,在诊治该病时先辨别病位,在辨病位的基础上进行穴位和刺灸法的选择,并且于治疗中善于结合灵龟八法和飞腾八法。特色鲜明、效果显著。本文通过分析总结,以期为针灸治疗周围性面瘫提供可借鉴的思路和方法。