A Bright-Coloured Flower in the Field of Earth Sciences in China——in Celebration of the 70th Anniversary of the Publication of Acta Geologica Sinica

Acta Geologica Sinica (hereinafter referred to as the Acta) starting publication in 1922, is a quaterly academia periodical sponsored by the Geological Society of China (GSC). It has been one of the science and technology periodicals in China with the longest history.

Design and analysis of the Macao Science Satellite-1's laser retro-reflector array

The origin and spatial-temporal variation of the Earth’s magnetic field(EMF)is one of the important scientific problems that has long been unsolved.The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)under construction is China’s first high-precision EMF measurement satellite.To satisfy the highly precise requirements of the MSS-1 orbit measurement,a light,high-precision,four-prism laser retroreflector array was designed.It weighs approximately 285 g,its effective reflection area is greater than 1.77 cm^(2),and its size is 100×100×41 mm.The laser retro-reflector array has excellent performance,and it can achieve a ranging precision at the subcentimeter level for satellite laser ranging.It will be developed and installed on the MSS-1 as a power-free load for high-precision orbit measurement and accurate orbit calibration.The MSS-1 is planned to be brought into the International Laser Ranging Service observations.More than 31satellite laser ranging stations in the International Laser Ranging Service around the world will be able to measure the MSS-1 with long arcs,which will support the scientific mission of high-precision EMF exploration.

Major biological events and fossil energy formation: On the development of energy science under the earth system framework

In geological history, one major life explosion and five mass extinction events occurred. These major biological and environmental events affected the evolution of the Earth ecosystem and controlled the formation of organic-rich strata. The life explosion occurred in Cambrian and the five mass extinction events happened at the end of Ordovician, Late Devonian, end of Permian, end of Triassic, and end of Cretaceous, respectively. They are corresponded to the formation of multiple suites of organic-rich strata globally, which are crucial to the formation, evolution and distribution of the fossil energy on Earth. China’s energy is characterized by "unlimited new energy, rich in coal but insufficient in oil and gas ", and it is determined to rely on new energy sources to achieve " energy independence " and carbon neutrality. From the perspective of the Earth system evolution, we investigate the multiple relationships between energy and Earth, energy and environment, as well as energy and human beings, and carry out comprehensive research on energy. Energy science refers to the science of studying the various energy sources formation and distribution, evaluation and selection, production and utilization, orderly replacement, development prospects, etc. in temporal and spatial scales based on the evolution of the Earth system. The connotation of energy science includes three core contents:(1) The relationship between the Earth and energy, including the formation of energy in the Earth system and the feedback of energy consumption to the Earth’s climate and environment;(2) The relationship between the Earth environment and the human beings, including the Earth environment breeding human beings and human activities transforming the earth environment;(3) The relationship between the energy and the human beings, including the development of energy technology by human beings and the progress of human society driven by energy utilization. The energy science focuses on the formation and development of fossil energy, development and orderly replacement of new energy, exploration and utilization of energy in deep earth and deep space, and energy development strategy and planning. The proposal of energy science is of great significance for improving the discipline system, promoting energy development, clarifying the development direction of energy transition, driving the carbon neutral geology research and constructing a habitable Earth.

Assessment of Primordial Radionuclides in Pakistani Red Bricks and Associated Radiation Doses

Specific activity of primordial radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th have been measured in backed red brick samples, collected from five highly populated areas of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. For the detection, analysis and data acquisition, a high purity germanium detector was used. Associated external doses were calculated using a Monte Carlo neutron photon transport code. A theoretical model to determine the gamma dose rate at 1 m height from the floor, made of bricks, was employed for the calculation of mass attenuation coefficient and self-absorption in the floor for the gamma energies of these radionuclides and their progeny. Monte Carlo simulation shows that in this study the floor, having more than an effective thickness of 15 cm, contributes very little to the external gamma dose rate. The values of the external dose rate and annual effective dose are found to be much lower than the world average as well as from other countries of the world.

河北承德县北大山公园石海奇观的成因及地学旅游初探

石海是发育于基岩斜坡带较为特殊的地貌类型之一,因形成动力多样和过程复杂,前人对其成因的争论由来已久。河北省承德县北大山发育壮观的石海,是该森林公园的主要景观和旅游资源,为石海成因的研究提供了得天独厚的条件。利用野外地质调查、砾石统计和无人机航拍建模等技术方法和手段,对北大山森林公园石海地貌开展了系统的调查。研究结果表明,石海的物源来自沟头被断裂和节理破碎的花岗岩崩塌体;组成石海的巨大砾石具有重力崩塌和短距离流水搬运的特征,与冰川或泥石流搬运的特征并不符合;冻融分选作用是导致巨大石块集中出露地表,进而形成石海的主要动力。本文首次提出承德北大山石海地貌的冻融分选成因的新认识,不仅对石海成因的理论研究具有一定的促进作用,而且对其它区域石海地貌的成因研究也具有重要的参考价值。

TanDEM-X双站SAR干涉测量及研究进展

较全面、系统地介绍了Tan DEM-X/Terra SAR-X双站SAR科学计划,重点涉及其科学目标、Tan DEM-X卫星参数、轨道结构以及干涉数据获取模式等相关内容,并讨论了双站SAR成像、极化In SAR和数字波束成形等干涉测量新技术及其研究进展。这些双站SAR新技术的实现将大大地推动SAR干涉测量在全球地形测绘、冰川学、海洋学及地质学等领域中的应用。

Watershed systems science—A new paradigm to understand and govern the impact of human activities on the earth's surface in the Anthropocene

Recent scholars’work in Vol 58 Issue 1（2015）and Cheng and Li’s paper in Vol 58 Issue 7（2015）in Science China Earth Sciences propose development of＂Watershed science＂by＂Bridging new advances in hydrological science with good management of river basins＂.

拼装式土工格室挡墙受力变形测试分析

以四川成宜高速连接线某试验段变截面土工格室挡墙为工程依托,首先对新型拼装式土工格室挡墙的施工方法进行介绍,采用新型玻璃钢轻质面板有效解决了挡墙线形不美观并容易破损的不足;其次,通过现场监测对该挡墙的支护效果进行分析,现场监测结果表明:该挡墙不同部位的土压力沿墙高呈非线性分布,底部大,顶部小,局部会出现土压力减小的现象;挡墙同一水平高度处墙背和墙中部土压力较大,而墙面处较小,说明土压力从墙中部到墙面范围内的衰减程度较大;对墙身水平位移的监测结果表明:水平位移曲线为“S”形,存在2个位移分界点,水平位移在截面形状改变处变化明显,挡墙顶部和底部的水平位移为最大值和最小值,分别为30 mm和3 mm;对挡墙的沉降监测结果表明:该挡墙填筑施工期沉降量较大,占总沉降量的70%~90%,工后沉降很小,墙体最大沉降发生在挡墙顶部,沉降最大值仅为23 mm。最后,结合土压力计算理论分析该台阶式截面挡墙的土压力分布和墙身变形规律,结果表明该挡墙变形符合“转动+平动+绕墙底转动”模式,采用该文计算方法得到的墙背土压力与实测值较为接近,用于挡墙设计时结果更偏安全。

用Kaula线性摄动方法恢复CHAMP重力场模型

介绍了Kau la线性摄动方法的基本原理和算法,基于CHAMP几何法轨道和动力法轨道,给出了利用该方法恢复地球重力场模型的实现过程,分析了Kau la线性摄动方法在实际应用中需要注意的问题。基于德国慕尼黑技术大学提供的一个月的CHAMP几何法轨道和德国GFZ数据中心提供的快速科学轨道,计算出了50×50阶地球重力场模型CHAMP-Kau la1S,并与EIGEN-CG03C、EIGEN-CHAMP03S、EIGEN2、ENIGN1S、EGM96模型进行了比较。结果表明:X ISM-CHAMP1S模型精度明显优于相同阶次EIGEN1S模型,前40阶明显优于EGM96模型,而低于同阶次的EIGEN2和EIGEN-CHAMP03S模型精度。

新农科建设背景下作物栽培学课程教学改革研究

在新农科建设背景下,现代农业发展对涉农专业人才提出了更高的要求,而课程教学是人才培养的重要内容。本文以作物栽培学课程为研究对象,从思政元素、教学内容、教学方法和考核体系4个方面对该课程教学现状进行研究,并提出对应的优化改进建议,具体包括挖掘思政元素,更新教学内容,改进教学方法,以及建立多元考核体系。目的在于为新农科背景下涉农高校作物栽培学课程的教学改革研究提供参考,提升新农科人才培养质量。

卫生健康领域新质生产力的内涵特征及发展路径

新质生产力将激发各行业产生系统性新质化变革。卫生健康领域新质生产力在一般性新质化进程中已完成了各项积淀。在新的时代背景下,科技创新和生产力发展为生产力要素系统性变革提供核心驱力,新质生产力的内涵在技术和理念的突破创新中集中显现,表现出新动因、新需求和新态势的特点。卫生健康领域加快发展新质生产力需要立足全局,把握系统性变革中的先发点和关键点,从科技创新、产业升级、人才培养、制度协同等方面统筹推进和系统施策。

新变局下我国稀土产业发展的处境与应对策略研究——基于科技安全的视角

从科技安全的视角重新审视我国稀土产业,发现当前发展处境与风险主要包括国际环境欠佳、竞争优势接续不畅、生态治理任重道远、磁材风险陡增、高端功能材料薄弱、专技人才不足等。为保障我国稀土安全、促进产业发展,应在稀土管理调控、资源利用和扩大、绿色提取应用和绿色矿山建设、磁材开发和维权、高端功能材料平衡充分发展,以及人才引培用等方面加以强化。

旅游地学原理在新型地调项目中的应用与思考——以西藏雄梅1:5万四幅矿调项目为例

【研究目的】面对十九大以来确立的新时代、新矛盾、新理念、新目标,地质调查工作开始由单一资源调查向多门类自然资源调查转变。【研究方法】为响应新要求,笔者团队在自然环境脆弱的藏北地区开展1∶5万矿调填图工作时,在完成传统的区域地质矿产调查填图项目要求的区域内地质-构造-矿产的分布情况调查时,尝试引入旅游地学原理,将当地的地质旅游资源进行了属性划分。【研究结果】通过详细的实地踏勘发现,研究区内不同属性的旅游资源极其丰富,这些资源大多数都处于原始未开发状态,这些待开发的地质旅游资源涵盖了标准地质剖面和化石产地,具有特殊保护价值的岩石、地质构造及矿物,自然生态景观资源,具有特殊的经济、医疗、科普和教育价值的地质现象,自然历史遗迹景观和人文历史遗迹五个方面。依据资源属性不同,对旅游路线进行了初步的规划,对旅游资源的合理化开发和保护提出建议。【结论】本文首次将旅游地质资源的调查成果作为区域矿产地质调查成果的一部分进行了汇报,并对综合地质调查工作提出一些建议,也为巩固脱贫攻坚成果提供支撑。

国外留学生地球科学概论课程野外地质实习全英文教学探索

“地球科学概论”课程野外地质实习作为人才培养的重要环节,也是理论联系实践的重要抓手。文章以中国矿业大学矿业工程国际班为研究对象,结合徐州大北望野外地质实习基地,探索“地球科学概论”课程野外地质实习全英文教学模式。基于来华留学生的野外实习效果反馈,发现全英文野外教学模式对来华留学生的教学效果有了明显的促进作用。

新农科背景下野外实践教学基地建设的探索

新农科建设对高等农林院校野外实践教学基地建设提出了新的要求。以强化实践教学和创新创业教育为目标,提出“协同创新、开放共享和交叉融合”的野外实践教学基地建设新思路。依托国家级水土保持科技示范园区,探索出一条以人才培养、科学研究和科普宣传为核心特色的野外实践教学基地建设新途径。

“三新”视域下中国管理科学与工程学科主题研究领域及趋势分析

管理科学与工程学科的发展要立足于中国“新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局”(简称“三新”)的背景和环境,以中国实际管理问题为导向,服务于国家重大战略,通过自主性研究道路回应国家重大管理现实问题。从“三新”视角,结合国家“十四五”发展规划,综合学科研究文献可视化分析结果和有关专家学者的观点,尝试对管理科学与工程学科主题研究领域及前沿进行分析,梳理出产业链供应链、产业体系、交通强国、数据赋能、国内大循环、重大复杂工程管理等领域的学科主题研究问题。研究结论有助于更好地服务于国家战略和学科自身发展。

农业领域产业学院建设特点与启示

农业领域产业学院建设是推动新农科建设有力抓手。农业产业学院分布区域、对接产业情况、建设主体情况和建设基础是影响其建设成效的主要因素。该文提出农业领域产业学院建设主要启示,即地方政府加强顶层设计,协调引导高校推进产业学院建设;高校坚持面向地方优势特色农业产业发展,发挥自身主观能动性;高校分类定位、因校制宜,根据产业发展需求,创新人才培养模式;产业学院发挥高校科技和人才优势,加强平台建设,有力支撑教育与产业深度融合、联动发展。

新世纪地球科学视野中的新技术和新方法(代序)

从科学发展战略的角度 ,讨论了新技术、新方法在地球科学中的应用。新世纪的地球科学在新技术、新方法的应用方面呈现出鲜明的时代特色 ,即观测范围的扩大与观测能力的增强 ,多学科观测的海量数据的积累与地球观测系统的整合 ,不断增强的挑战非线性复杂地球系统中的预测问题的能力。特别是 ,作为地球观测系统的整合的“数字地球”和作为地球过程的模拟工具的高效并行计算 ,将在地球系统科学的发展中发挥重要作用。从方法论的角度 ,文中特别指出 ,只有掌握新技术、新方法的人对新技术、新方法有正确的理解 ,并具有创新性的思维 ,新技术、新方法才能发挥其应有的效能。