Improvement of Binocular Reconstruction Algorithm for Measuring 3D Pavement Texture Using a Single Laser Line Scanning Constraint

The dense and accurate measurement of 3D texture is helpful in evaluating the pavement function.To form dense mandatory constraints and improve matching accuracy,the traditional binocular reconstruction technology was improved threefold.First,a single moving laser line was introduced to carry out global scanning constraints on the target,which would well overcome the difficulty of installing and recognizing excessive laser lines.Second,four kinds of improved algorithms,namely,disparity replacement,superposition synthesis,subregion segmentation,and subregion segmentation centroid enhancement,were established based on different constraint mechanism.Last,the improved binocular reconstruction test device was developed to realize the dual functions of 3D texture measurement and precision self-evaluation.Results show that compared with traditional algorithms,the introduction of a single laser line scanning constraint is helpful in improving the measurement’s accuracy.Among various improved algorithms,the improvement effect of the subregion segmentation centroid enhancement method is the best.It has a good effect on both overall measurement and single pointmeasurement,which can be considered to be used in pavement function evaluation.

A Hybrid Optimization Approach of Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Using Grey Relation Analysis Coupled with Principal Component Analysiss

We investigated the parametric optimization on incremental sheet forming of stainless steel using Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). AISI 316L stainless steel sheets were used to develop double wall angle pyramid with aid of tungsten carbide tool. GRA coupled with PCA was used to plan the experiment conditions. Control factors such as Tool Diameter(TD), Step Depth(SD), Bottom Wall Angle(BWA), Feed Rate(FR) and Spindle Speed(SS) on Top Wall Angle(TWA) and Top Wall Angle Surface Roughness(TWASR) have been studied. Wall angle increases with increasing tool diameter due to large contact area between tool and workpiece. As the step depth, feed rate and spindle speed increase,TWASR decreases with increasing tool diameter. As the step depth increasing, the hydrostatic stress is raised causing severe cracks in the deformed surface. Hence it was concluded that the proposed hybrid method was suitable for optimizing the factors and response.

Compensation of body shake errors in terahertz beam scanning single frequency holography for standoff personnel screening

In the terahertz（THz） band, the inherent shake of the human body may strongly impair the image quality of a beam scanning single frequency holography system for personnel screening. To realize accurate shake compensation in imaging processing, it is quite necessary to develop a high-precision measure system. However, in many cases, different parts of a human body may shake to different extents, resulting in greatly increasing the difficulty in conducting a reasonable measurement of body shake errors for image reconstruction. In this paper, a body shake error compensation algorithm based on the raw data is proposed. To analyze the effect of the body shake on the raw data, a model of echoed signal is rebuilt with considering both the beam scanning mode and the body shake. According to the rebuilt signal model, we derive the body shake error estimated method to compensate for the phase error. Simulation on the reconstruction of point targets with shake errors and proof-of-principle experiments on the human body in the 0.2-THz band are both performed to confirm the effectiveness of the body shake compensation algorithm proposed.

Scanning probe lithography on calixarene towards single-digit nanometer fabrication

Cost effective patterning based on scanning probe nanolithography(SPL)has the potential for electronic and optical nano-device manufacturing and other nanotechnological applications.One of the fundamental advantages of SPL is its capability for patterning and imaging employing the same probe.This is achieved with self-sensing and self-actuating cantilevers,also known as‘active'cantilevers.Here we used active cantilevers to demonstrate a novel path towards single digit nanoscale patterning by employing a low energy(<100 eV)electron exposure to thin films of molecular resist.By tuning the electron energies to the lithographically relevant chemical resist transformations,the interaction volumes can be highly localized.This method allows for greater control over spatially confined lithography and enhances sensitivity.We found that at low electron energies,the exposure in ambient conditions required approximately 10 electrons per single calixarene molecule to induce a crosslinking event.The sensitivity was 80-times greater than a classical electron beam exposure at 30 keV.By operating the electro-exposure process in ambient conditions a novel lithographic reaction scheme based on a direct ablation of resist material(positive tone)is presented.

Evaluation of Single Field Uniform Dose (SFUD) Proton Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) Planning Strategy for Lung Mobile Tumor Using a Digital Phantom

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate four different Proton SFUD PBS initial planning strategies for lung mobile tumor. Methods and Materials: A virtual lung patient’s four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) was generated in this study. To avoid the uncertainties from target delineation and imaging artifacts, a sphere with diameter of 3 cm representing a rigid mobile target (GTV) was inserted into the right side of the lung. The target motion is set in superior-inferior (SI) direction from ?5 mm to 5 mm. Four SFUD planning strategies were used based on: 1) Maximum-In-tensity-Projection Image (MIP-CT);2) CT_average with ITV overridden to muscle density (CTavg_muscle);3) CT_average with ITV overridden to tumor density (CTavg_tumor);4) CT_average without any override density (CTavg_only). Dose distributions were recalculated on each individual phase and accumulated together to assess the “actual” treatment. To estimate the impact of proton range uncertainties, +/?3.5% CT calibration curve was applied to the 4DCT phase images. Results: Comparing initial plan to the dose accumulation: MIP-CT based GTV D98 degraded 2.42 Gy (60.10 Gy vs 57.68 Gy). Heart D1 increased 6.19 Gy (1.88 Gy vs 8.07 Gy);CTavg_tumor based GTV D98 degraded 0.34 Gy (60.07 Gy vs 59.73 Gy). Heart D1 increased 2.24 Gy (3.74 Gy vs 5.98 Gy);CTavg_muscle based initial GTV D98 degraded 0.31 Gy (60.4 Gy vs 60.19 Gy). Heart D1 increased 3.44 Gy (4.38 Gy vs 7.82 Gy);CTavg_only based Initial GTV D98 degraded 6.63 Gy (60.11 Gy vs 53.48 Gy). Heart D1 increased 0.30 Gy (2.69 Gy vs 2.96 Gy);in the presence of ±3.5% range uncertainties, CTavg_tumor based plan’s accumulated GTV D98 degraded to 57.99 Gy (+3.5%) 59.38 Gy (?3.5%), and CTavg_muscle based plan’s accumulated GTV D98 degraded to 59.37 Gy (+3.5%) 59.37 Gy (?3.5%). Conclusion: This study shows that CTavg_Tumor and CTavg_Muscle based planning strategies provide the most robust GTV coverage. However, clinicians need to be aware that the actual dose to OARs at distal end of target may increase. The study also indicates that the current SFUD PBS planning strategy might not be sufficient to compensate the CT calibration uncertainty.

黏结剂Single bond 2不同涂布方式下人牙本质黏结界面的环境扫描电镜观察

目的:比较黏结剂S ingle bond 2不同涂布方式下牙本质黏结界面的形态学变化,为临床选择黏结剂应用方法提供参考依据。方法:暴露新鲜拔除的人第三磨牙牙本质,应用不同方式(包括涂布力度、方向、层数和固化次数)分组进行黏结剂涂布,然后,在环境扫描电镜下直接观察牙本质黏结界面的形态差异。根据黏结剂分布是否均匀、封闭牙本质小管的程度以及黏结剂渗入牙本质小管的情况判断效果。结果:黏结剂涂布力度方面,轻涂比重涂好;涂布方向,同向涂布比反复涂布好;涂布层数,涂2层较涂1层或4层好;固化方式,固化1次较固化2次好。结论:临床使用第五代黏结剂S ingle bond 2时,推荐同向轻涂2遍后固化的方法,可使黏结剂均匀分布,并较好地封闭牙本质小管。

Manipulation and control of a single molecular rotor on Au(111) surface

Three different methods are used to manipulate and control phthalocyanine based single molecular rotors on Au （111） surface： （1） changing the molecular structure to alter the rotation potential; （2） using the tunnelling current of the scanning tunnelling microscope （STM） to change the thermal equilibrium of the molecular rotor; （3） artificial manipulation of the molecular rotor to switch the rotation on or off by an STM tip. Furthermore, a molecular ＇gear wheel＇ is successfully achieved with two neighbouring molecules.

Visualization of atomic scale reaction dynamics of supported nanocatalysts during oxidation and ammonia synthesis using in-situ environmental(scanning) transmission electron microscopy

Reaction dynamics in gases at operating temperatures at the atomic level are the basis of heterogeneous gas-solid catalyst reactions and are crucial to the catalyst function.Supported noble metal nanocatalysts such as platinum are of interest in fuel cells and as diesel oxidation catalysts for pollution control,and practical ruthenium nanocatalysts are explored for ammonia synthesis.Graphite and graphitic carbons are of interest as supports for the nanocatalysts.Despite considerable literature on the catalytic processes on graphite and graphitic supports,reaction dynamics of the nanocatalysts on the supports in different reactive gas environments and operating temperatures at the single atom level are not well understood.Here we present real time in-situ observations and analyses of reaction dynamics of Pt in oxidation,and practical Ru nanocatalysts in ammonia synthesis,on graphite and related supports under controlled reaction environments using a novel in-situ environmental(scanning) transmission electron microscope with single atom resolution.By recording snapshots of the reaction dynamics,the behaviour of the catalysts is imaged.The images reveal single metal atoms,clusters of a few atoms on the graphitic supports and the support function.These all play key roles in the mobility,sintering and growth of the catalysts.The experimental findings provide new structural insights into atomic scale reaction dynamics,morphology and stability of the nanocatalysts.

SPM analysis on groups of single aerosol particles around steel plant

ＳＰＭａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｇｒｏｕｐｓｏｆｓｉｎｇｌｅａｅｒｏｓｏｌｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓａｒｏｕｎｄｓｔｅｅｌｐｌａｎｔＳｈａＹｉｎ（沙因），ＳｈｉＪｉａｎ（石践），ＺｈａｎｇＰｅｉ－Ｑｕｎ（章佩群）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｉｇｈＥｎｅｒｙｙＰｈｙｓ...

Growth, Crystal Structure and Characterization of a New Single Crystal: Lithium Sodium Acid Phthalate (LiNaP), for Third Order Nonlinear Optical Applications

A new alkali metallo-organic single crystal of Lithium Sodium Acid Phthlate (LiNaP) complex has been synthesized from aqueous solution in the equimolar ratio 3:1:2. Transparent and bulk single crystals of dimension 9 × 4 ×2 mm3 have been grown from the conventional slow-cooling technique. The crystal structure of the compound has been solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound 2[C8H4O3]4-Li3+Na+ crystallizes in triclinic system with a space group of Pī having cell dimensions a = 7.5451(2) ? b = 9.8422(3) ? c = 25.2209(7) ? α = 80.299(2);β = 89.204(2);γ = 82.7770(10). FTIR measurement was carried out fo? LiNaP to study the vibrational structure of the compound. The various functional groups present in the molecule and the role of H-bonds in stabilizing the crystal structure of the compound have been explained. Optical absorption properties were studied for the grown crystal using UV-Vis-NIR spectrum. Thermal measurements were carried out for LiNaP to determine the thermal strength as well as to ascertain the hydrated nature of the crystal. Third order nonliner optical studies have also studied by Z-scan techniques. Nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index were found out and the third order bulk susceptibility of compound was also estimated. The results of all studies have been discussed in detail.

MSP430单片机中SCAN IF模块在流量检测中的应用

介绍了利用LC传感器实现旋转运动测量的原理,阐述了用MSP430单片机中的SCAN IF模块实现流量检测的设计.

Compact and effective photon-resolved image scanning microscope

Fluorescence confocal laser-scanning microscopy(LSM)is one of the most popular tools for life science research.This popularity is expected to grow thanks to single-photon array detectors tailored for LSM.These detectors offer unique single-photon spatiotemporal information,opening new perspectives for gentle and quantitative superresolution imaging.However,a flawless recording of this information poses significant challenges for the microscope data acquisition(DAQ)system.We present a DAQ module based on the digital frequency domain principle,able to record essential spatial and temporal features of photons.We use this module to extend the capabilities of established imaging techniques based on single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)array detectors,such as fluorescence lifetime image scanning microscopy.Furthermore,we use the module to introduce a robust multispecies approach encoding the fluorophore excitation spectra in the time domain.Finally,we combine time-resolved stimulated emission depletion microscopy with image scanning microscopy,boosting spatial resolution.Our results demonstrate how a conventional fluorescence laser scanning microscope can transform into a simple,information-rich,superresolved imaging system with the simple addition of a SPAD array detector with a tailored data acquisition system.We expected a blooming of advanced single-photon imaging techniques,which effectively harness all the sample information encoded in each photon.

基于煤层结构数字井筒反演的有机质丰度评价方法及应用

煤层气是典型的自生自储型气藏类型之一,甲烷气体主要由煤层中的有机碳热演化生成并大量吸附于孔隙表面,有机成分的含量对于煤层生气及储气能力十分重要。但煤层气储层结构复杂,有机煤岩和无机夹矸层交互叠置发育,层内非均质性强,单井纵向煤层结构可视化难度大,制约了煤层气单井有机质丰度评价及高效开发。全直径CT扫描是近年来针对大尺度岩心的一种重要实验技术,应用该技术扫描得到的煤岩灰度值与其构成关系密切,灰度值越高则煤岩灰分、密度以及矿物含量越高,反之则越低。以大宁—吉县区块目的煤层为研究对象,通过全直径CT扫描技术与测井解释技术相结合,探究了岩石灰度与伽马、密度以及声波时差等测井数据的关系,建立了煤层结构数字井筒反演数学模型,并结合灰度与有机组分的关系,提出了全直径CT扫描单井有机质丰度评价方法。将研究区A1井反演获得的纵截面与全直径CT扫描真实灰度截面对比,二者相似度高,反演灰度值与CT真实灰度值散点图分布规律一致,表明反演模型能够有效反映煤层内部非均质性结构变化。数字井筒反演及有机质丰度评价方法可为研究区煤层气井压裂选段及产能预测提供有力的技术支撑。

天津大神堂海洋牧场人工鱼礁沉陷现状调查研究

人工鱼礁建设可为海洋生态系统改善和渔业资源增殖做出重要贡献,但由于海床底质、水流风浪等因素影响,鱼礁礁体可能发生沉陷现象,严重影响其生态功能。本研究聚焦天津大神堂海洋牧场,基于侧扫声呐、单波束测深仪、差分式GPS、智能无人船、ArcGIS等设备和软件,对海洋牧场人工鱼礁沉陷状况进行了调查和分析,并对沉陷的影响因素进行了初步探讨。结果表明,天津大神堂海洋牧场中人工鱼礁保存现状较好,大多数礁体呈现竖置状态,平均沉陷深度为0.38 m,沉陷比例约25.43%,生态修复和渔业资源增殖功能未受重大影响;人工鱼礁沉陷情况与礁体坐底时长、海床底质密切相关。本研究采用的人工鱼礁沉陷调查方式具有较强的可行性,研究成果可为海洋牧场人工鱼礁建设的规划选址提供科学依据和技术支撑。

Incidence of exclusive extrapelvic skeletal metastasis in prostate carcinoma on bone scintigraphy

BACKGROUND Bone is one of the common sites of metastasis from prostate carcinoma.Bone scintigraphy(BS)is one of the most sensitive imaging modalities currently used for bone metastatic work-up.Skeletal metastasis in prostate carcinoma commonly involves pelvic bones but rarely involves extrapelvic-extraspinal sites.AIM To retrospectively analyze the BS data to determine the pattern of skeletal metastases in the prostate carcinoma.METHODS This retrospective observational study involves patients with biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma referred for BS for staging assessment.Patients with abnormal BS were evaluated for the pattern of skeletal involvement and data were pre-sented in descriptive format in the form of percentages.RESULTS A total of 150 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who were referred for staging were included in the study.Thirteen of 150 patients(8.67%)had no abnormal uptake on planar images,ruling out metastatic disease.Twenty-four patients(16%)had heterogeneous uptake in the spine with distribution charac-teristic of degenerative disease and no scan pattern of metastatic disease.Thirty patients(20%)had multifocal uptake involving both pelvic and extra pelvic bones on planar images typical for skeletal metastasis and were considered metastatic.Eighty-three out of 150 patients(55.3%)had increased tracer uptake,which was indeterminate,thus,single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography(SPECT-CT)was acquired,which showed 51 with metastatic disease,31 benign lesions,and one indeterminate finding.Seven of 150 patients had exclusive pelvic bone uptake,which was found to be metastatic in 4/7 patients in SPECT-CT.Fifty six out of 150 patients showed exclusive extrapelvic tracer uptake,of which only 3 had vertebral metastatic disease.None of the patients with increased uptake exclusively in the extrapelvic-extraspinal location was metastatic.CONCLUSION The incidence of exclusive extrapelvic skeletal metastatic disease in prostate carcinoma is 2%(excluding one patient with indeterminate findings).Further,none of the patients in the current study had exclusive extrapelvic-extraspinal metastasis.Thus,exclusive extrapelvic-extraspinal focal abnormality on planar BS carries a very low probability of metastatic disease and hence,further imaging or SPECT-CT can be safely avoided in such cases.

基于STM32的柔性传感器信号检测系统研究

针对柔性传感器的信号采集检测需求,基于STM32单片机和4×4阵列型柔性压力传感器,研究一种以单片机为核心单元、面向柔性传感器压力定位、压力变化、压力定量的实时数据采集检测系统。该检测系统采用单片机嵌入式程序结合快速行列扫描技术对采集的电信号数据进行分析、转换及分类显示,实现了精准的压力感知定位、分辨与测定,研究结果将会极大地推进融合计算机扫描技术和柔性阵列传感器新应用的推出。

MRI单髋关节扫描诊断股骨头坏死的价值及在疾病分期中的优势

目的:探究磁共振成像(MRI)单髋关节扫描诊断股骨头坏死的价值及在疾病分期中的优势。方法:纳入萍乡市人民医院2019年1月—2023年6月174例疑似股骨头坏死患者,所有患者均行MRI诊断,分别采用单髋关节扫描与常规扫描。记录两组图像质量评分、检查费用,对比诊断敏感度、特异度与准确率,比较两种方法对不同分期及MRI征象检出情况。结果:单髋关节扫描图像质量评分高于常规扫描,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理诊断结果显示阳性126例,阴性48例。单髋关节扫描阳性123例,阴性51例;常规髋关节扫描阳性108例,阴性66例。MRI单髋关节扫描敏感度、准确率分别为95.24%、94.83%,与常规诊断比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两种扫描方法诊断Ⅰ期符合率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单髋关节扫描对髋关节盂唇、关节软骨损伤检出符合率均高于常规扫描,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MRI单髋关节扫描诊断股骨头坏死敏感度、准确率高,能够更准确地分期、检出髋关节盂唇、关节软骨征象,具有较高临床价值。

机载LiDAR与船载单波束协同的水上水下一体化测绘模型融合实现

为助力河湖管理、防旱减灾等国家新型基础测绘事业,基于机载Li DAR与无人船搭载单波束实现了水上地面点云与单波束水下点云的获取,对水下点云数据采用克里金法进行空间插值以增强水下地形分辨率,而后基于GEOPAK实现水上水下点云数据的无缝接边与融合,构建水上水下一体化TIN网,最终实现水上水下地形一体化建立。利用随机均匀分布的水上水下检核点对构建后的一体化DEM进行精度验证,结果表明,本次试验构建的水上水下一体化模型效果良好,精度远超规范要求。提出的基于机载Li DAR与船载单波束实现协同作业、构建水上水下一体化模型的作业流程对相关水上水下地形研究具有重要的参考价值。

Effects of scanning speed on microstructure in laser surface-melted single crystal superalloy and theoretical analysis

Scanning speed is a critical parameter for laser process, which can play a key role in the microstruc- ture evolution of laser melting. In the laser melting of single crystal superalloy, the effects of scanning speed were investigated by experimental analysis and computational simulation. The laser was scanning along [710] direction on （001） surface in different speeds. Solidification microstructures of dendrites growth direction and the primary dendritic spacing were analyzed by metallograph. Besides, a planar interface during solidification was taken into attention, Experiment results indicated that the primary dendritic spacing and thickness of planar interface decrease with the increase of speed. Through simu- lation, distribution of dendrites growth velocity and thermal gradient along dendrite growth direction were calculated, and the simulation of dendrites growth direction agreed with the experiment results. Additionally, a constant value was acquired which can be used to predict the primary dendritic spacing. Moreover, according to curve-fitting method and inequality relation, a model was proposed to predict the thickness of planar interface.

Fast calorimetric scanning of micro-sized SnAgCu single droplet at a high cooling rate

The undercooling of the single micro-sized droplet of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(wt%)alloy has been studied via the newly developed fast calorimetric scanning technique,by which the fast heating and cooling treatment for a single droplet can be realized,with the maximum heating or cooling rate being 1×104K/s.Owing to the nearly spherical shape of the single droplet upon heating and cooling and the resul-tant geometric stability,the influence of the droplet size on the solidification process could be elimi-nated.As a result,the puzzled issue on how to separate the mutual effects of droplet size and cooling rate in the field of rapid solidification has been primarily solved,making it possible to study separately the effect of droplet size and cooling rate.Meanwhile,the in-situ observation on deep undercooling could be actualized in this condition,differing from that obtained only by theoretical calculation.The results showed that the undercooling was increased with the increasing cooling rate,and the maximum in-situ measured undercooling reached 116.9K.The undercooling of the single droplet,however,was increased abruptly when cooled at the rate of 2×103K/s.The undercooling increased slightly as the cooling rate was increased continuously to 1×104K/s,implying the infeasibility for gaining large undercooling only by increasing the cooling rate.