Based on the molecular theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglements in polymer melts, the material functions in simple shear flow were formulated, the theoretical relations between. eta((gamma) ...Based on the molecular theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglements in polymer melts, the material functions in simple shear flow were formulated, the theoretical relations between. eta((gamma) over dot), psi (10)((gamma) over dot) and shear rate ((gamma) over dot), and topologically constrained dimension number n ' and a were derived. Linear viscoelastic parameters (eta (0) and G(N)(0)) and topologically constrained dimension number (n ' a and <(<upsilon>)over bar>) as a function of the primary molecular weight (M-n), molecular weight between entanglements (M-C) and the entanglement sites sequence distribution in polymer chain were determined. A new method for determination of viscoelastic parameters (eta (0), psi (10), G(N)(0) and J(e)(0)), topologically constrained dimension number (n ', a and v) and molecular weight (M-n, M-c and M-e) from the shear flow measurements was proposed. It was used to determine those parameters and structures of HDPE, making a good agreement between these values and those obtained by other methods. The agreement affords a quantitative verification for the molecular theory of nonlinear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglement in polymer melts.展开更多
Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. Howev...Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. However, the fault transporting capacity cannot be evaluated quantitatively at present. Taking the Zhanhua Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, this work analyzed the factors influencing the transporting capacity of the oil-source faults and proposed a quantitative method for evaluating their transporting capacity.展开更多
A method for quantitative evaluating the enhancement of the rate of Type Ⅱ photosensitized oxidation by D_2O was suggested. The effect of substrate concentration on this process was also discussed.
Continental extensional basin is one of the most important oil and ga s bearing basin types in the world and is main basin type in east China. The qu antitative analysis for this kind of basins has important significa...Continental extensional basin is one of the most important oil and ga s bearing basin types in the world and is main basin type in east China. The qu antitative analysis for this kind of basins has important significance for oil a nd gas exploration and development in east China. Sedimentary basin is a geodyna mic system including sedimentary basin itself, the crust and the mantle under it . Basin evolution is affected by regional structure stress field geophysical sta tus in the deep of the earth and outer condition, such as climate changes, water supplying etc. Based on the concept of basin dynamic system, the authors develo ped a geological process modeling and analyzing system-Continental Extensional B asin Quantitative Analysis System (CEBQAS). The system consists of basin geodyna mic modeling, structural modeling, sedimentary modeling, geologic analysis, data base and display subsystem. The system can reappear structural and sedimentary e volution history to an extent and provide basin geodynamic information as well a s retrieving parameter for modeling from original data such as logging, core an d seismic data .展开更多
Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are single-stranded,negative sense RNA viruses.IAV subtype is determined on the basis of the viral surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA),and neuraminidase(NA).To date,18 HA and 1...Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are single-stranded,negative sense RNA viruses.IAV subtype is determined on the basis of the viral surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA),and neuraminidase(NA).To date,18 HA and 11NA subtypes have been reported(Tong et al.,2012).展开更多
Our planet, Earth, contains an enormous amount of heat just right under our feet. Harnessing this heat from 2 to 5 krn below is one of the great challenges of the 21st century, because this can solve many of the curre...Our planet, Earth, contains an enormous amount of heat just right under our feet. Harnessing this heat from 2 to 5 krn below is one of the great challenges of the 21st century, because this can solve many of the currently urgent problems in mega-cities, such as inexpensive domestic heating and airconditioning, electric power consumption and the cure of ram- pant air pollution. Around 40 TW heat are released at a steady rate by the Earth partly due to natural radioactive decay and partly due to the action inside the core. We would like to stress here that the depth of the isotherm of 200℃ （minimum tem- perature for efficient generation of electricity） varies around the globe. In general, this depth would be less than 10 km deep. Therefore these heat sources would provide ubiquitous ample, clean and sustainable electricity. In addition to this sustainable resource the potential of geothermal energy use is much greater, because it allows effective heat mining of the Earth. Geothermal energy is most commonly exploited in volcanic areas where magma is close to the surface and brings up the heat from deeper down. The largest geothermal power plant of this style is the Geysers in California, which with 1 GW power production rivals nuclear power plants.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully a.cknowledge financial supportfrom th6 Natiol-al Natural Science Foundatiol- of CI-h-a. The number of
文摘Based on the molecular theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglements in polymer melts, the material functions in simple shear flow were formulated, the theoretical relations between. eta((gamma) over dot), psi (10)((gamma) over dot) and shear rate ((gamma) over dot), and topologically constrained dimension number n ' and a were derived. Linear viscoelastic parameters (eta (0) and G(N)(0)) and topologically constrained dimension number (n ' a and <(<upsilon>)over bar>) as a function of the primary molecular weight (M-n), molecular weight between entanglements (M-C) and the entanglement sites sequence distribution in polymer chain were determined. A new method for determination of viscoelastic parameters (eta (0), psi (10), G(N)(0) and J(e)(0)), topologically constrained dimension number (n ', a and v) and molecular weight (M-n, M-c and M-e) from the shear flow measurements was proposed. It was used to determine those parameters and structures of HDPE, making a good agreement between these values and those obtained by other methods. The agreement affords a quantitative verification for the molecular theory of nonlinear viscoelasticity with constrained entanglement in polymer melts.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41672131)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.16CX06045A)
文摘Objective Oil-source faults have an important effect on reservoir formation and distribution in shallow formations with non- hydrocarbon generation in oil-rich fault-related basins （Jiang Youlu et al., 2015）. However, the fault transporting capacity cannot be evaluated quantitatively at present. Taking the Zhanhua Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, this work analyzed the factors influencing the transporting capacity of the oil-source faults and proposed a quantitative method for evaluating their transporting capacity.
文摘A method for quantitative evaluating the enhancement of the rate of Type Ⅱ photosensitized oxidation by D_2O was suggested. The effect of substrate concentration on this process was also discussed.
文摘Continental extensional basin is one of the most important oil and ga s bearing basin types in the world and is main basin type in east China. The qu antitative analysis for this kind of basins has important significance for oil a nd gas exploration and development in east China. Sedimentary basin is a geodyna mic system including sedimentary basin itself, the crust and the mantle under it . Basin evolution is affected by regional structure stress field geophysical sta tus in the deep of the earth and outer condition, such as climate changes, water supplying etc. Based on the concept of basin dynamic system, the authors develo ped a geological process modeling and analyzing system-Continental Extensional B asin Quantitative Analysis System (CEBQAS). The system consists of basin geodyna mic modeling, structural modeling, sedimentary modeling, geologic analysis, data base and display subsystem. The system can reappear structural and sedimentary e volution history to an extent and provide basin geodynamic information as well a s retrieving parameter for modeling from original data such as logging, core an d seismic data .
基金partially supported by the National Institutes of Health(grant no.P20GM103646)the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service(agreement 14-7428-1041-CA)
文摘Dear Editor,Influenza A viruses(IAVs)are single-stranded,negative sense RNA viruses.IAV subtype is determined on the basis of the viral surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA),and neuraminidase(NA).To date,18 HA and 11NA subtypes have been reported(Tong et al.,2012).
文摘Our planet, Earth, contains an enormous amount of heat just right under our feet. Harnessing this heat from 2 to 5 krn below is one of the great challenges of the 21st century, because this can solve many of the currently urgent problems in mega-cities, such as inexpensive domestic heating and airconditioning, electric power consumption and the cure of ram- pant air pollution. Around 40 TW heat are released at a steady rate by the Earth partly due to natural radioactive decay and partly due to the action inside the core. We would like to stress here that the depth of the isotherm of 200℃ （minimum tem- perature for efficient generation of electricity） varies around the globe. In general, this depth would be less than 10 km deep. Therefore these heat sources would provide ubiquitous ample, clean and sustainable electricity. In addition to this sustainable resource the potential of geothermal energy use is much greater, because it allows effective heat mining of the Earth. Geothermal energy is most commonly exploited in volcanic areas where magma is close to the surface and brings up the heat from deeper down. The largest geothermal power plant of this style is the Geysers in California, which with 1 GW power production rivals nuclear power plants.
