Nature of Soil Acidity in Relation to Properties and Lime Requirement of Some Inceptisols

Some Inceptisols representing the Singla catchment area in Karimgaungedistrict of Assam, India, were studied for lime requirement as influenced by the nature of soilacidity. The electrostatically bonded (EB)-H^+ and EB-Al^(3+) acidities constituted 33 and 67percent of exchangeable acidity while EB-H^+, EB-Al^(3+), exchangeable and pH-dependent aciditiescomprised 6, 14, 20 and 80 percent of total potential acidity. The pH-dependent acidity made a majorcontribution towards the total potential acidity (67%～84%). Grand mean of lime requirementdetermined by the laboratory incubation method and estimated by the methods of New Woodruff,Woodruff and Peech as expressed in MgCaCO_3 ha^(-1) was in the order: Woodruff (15.6) > New Woodruff(14.9) > Peech (5.1) > incubation (5.0). Correlations analysis among different forms of acidity andlime requirement methods with selected soil properties showed that pH in three media, namely water,1 mol L^(-1) KC1 and 0.01 mol L^(-1) CaCl_2, had a significant negative correlation with differentforms of acidity and lime requirement methods. Exchangeable Fe and Al showed significant positivecorrelations with EB-Al^(3+) acidity, exchangeable acidity, pH-dependent acidity and total potentialacidity, and also lime requirement methods. Extractable Al showed positive correlations withdifferent forms of acidity except EB-H^+ and EB-Al^(3+) acidities. The lime requirement by differentmethods depended upon the extractable aluminium. Significant positive correlations existed betweenlime requirements and different forms of acidity of the soils except EB-H^+ acidity and incubationmethod. The nature of soil acidity was mostly pH-dependent. Statistically, the Woodruff method didslightly better than the New Woodruff, incubation and Peech methods at estimating lime requirementand hence the Woodruff procedure may be recommended for routine soil testing because of its speedand simplicity.

Manufacturing Process Selection of “Green” Oil Palm Natural Fiber Reinforced Polyurethane Composites Using Hybrid TEA Criteria Requirement and AHP Method for Automotive Crash Box

In this study,the best manufacturing process will be selected to build an automotive crash box using green oil palm natural fibre-reinforced polyurethane composite materials.This paper introduces an approach consist of technical aspects(T),the economic point of view(E)and availability(A),and it’s also called as TEA requirement.This approach was developed with the goal of assisting the design engineer in the selection of the best manufacturing process during the design phase at the criteria selection stage.In this study,the TEA requirement will integrate with the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to assist decision makers or manufacturing engineers in determining the most appropriate manufacturing process to be employed in the manufacture of a composite automotive crash box(ACB)at the early stage of the product development process.It is obvious that a major challenge in the manufacturing selection process is lack of information regarding manufacturing of ACB using natural fibre composite(NFC).There have been no previous studies that examined ranking manufacturability processes in terms of their suitability.Therefore,the TEA-AHP hybrid method was introduced to provide unprejudiced criteria-ranking selection prior to evaluation of pairwise comparisons.At the end of this study,the pulforming process was selected as the best manufacturing process for fabrication of the ACB structural component.

Nature, Reason and Happiness in the Ricardian Socialists

In this article we focus on the making of socialism,of socialist thought in history,in Britain.The four socialists we are going to present in this paper are not so famous as Marx,Engels or even William Morris,but they played an essential role in the birth of socialism in Britain,and they certainly deserve being remembered.Their names are Thomas Hodgskin,William Thompson,John Gray and John Francis Bray.They are usually referred to as the‘Ricardian Socialists'.This article will try to examine the underlying philosophy which their economic constructions imply.Revisiting these writers may help understand the notions of nature,reason and happiness that are part and parcel of their socialism thought and their economic thought.

Intelligent Agent Based Mapping of Software Requirement Specification to Design Model

Automatically mapping a requirement specification to design model in Software Engineering is an open complex problem. Existing methods use a complex manual process that use the knowledge from the requirement specification/modeling and the design, and try to find a good match between them. The key task done by designers is to convert a natural language based requirement specification (or corresponding UML based representation) into a predominantly computer language based design model—thus the process is very complex as there is a very large gap between our natural language and computer language. Moreover, this is not just a simple language conversion, but rather a complex knowledge conversion that can lead to meaningful design implementation. In this paper, we describe an automated method to map Requirement Model to Design Model and thus automate/partially automate the Structured Design (SD) process. We believe, this is the first logical step in mapping a more complex requirement specification to design model. We call it IRTDM (Intelligent Agent based requirement model to design model mapping). The main theme of IRTDM is to use some AI (Artificial Intelligence) based algorithms, semantic representation using Ontology or Predicate Logic, design structures using some well known design framework and Machine Learning algorithms for learning over time. Semantics help convert natural language based requirement specification (and associated UML representation) into high level design model followed by mapping to design structures. AI method can also be used to convert high level design structures into lower level design which then can be refined further by some manual and/or semi automated process. We emphasize that automation is one of the key ways to minimize the software cost, and is very important for all, especially, for the “Design for the Bottom 90% People” or BOP (Base of the Pyramid People).

Automated Test Case Generation from Requirements: A Systematic Literature Review

Software testing is an important and cost intensive activity in software development.The major contribution in cost is due to test case generations.Requirement-based testing is an approach in which test cases are derivative from requirements without considering the implementation’s internal structure.Requirement-based testing includes functional and nonfunctional requirements.The objective of this study is to explore the approaches that generate test cases from requirements.A systematic literature review based on two research questions and extensive quality assessment criteria includes studies.The study identies 30 primary studies from 410 studies spanned from 2000 to 2018.The review’s nding shows that 53%of journal papers,42%of conference papers,and 5%of book chapters’address requirementsbased testing.Most of the studies use UML,activity,and use case diagrams for test case generation from requirements.One of the signicant lessons learned is that most software testing errors are traced back to errors in natural language requirements.A substantial amount of work focuses on UML diagrams for test case generations,which cannot capture all the system’s developed attributes.Furthermore,there is a lack of UML-based models that can generate test cases from natural language requirements by rening them in context.Coverage criteria indicate how efciently the testing has been performed 12.37%of studies use requirements coverage,20%of studies cover path coverage,and 17%study basic coverage.

Learning to Support Derivation of Adaptable Products in Software Product Lines

Software product line engineering is a large scale development paradigm based on mass production. It consists in building a common platform from which a set of products can be derived. Under the constraints of continuous evolution and costs optimization, the derivation process must be able to answer customers’ requirements and provide adequate products in a short time without defects. However, this purpose cannot be achieved if the customer must wait for the change is implemented in the common platform. In this paper, we describe our work which proposes a framework to manage derivation of adaptable products. An adaptable product is obtained by deriving the most similar product from the common platform and changing it to support the new requirements. The aim of the framework is to give quick response to the customers need while the new requirements are being implemented in the common platform. The framework includes tools for processing natural language requirements, computing the similarity between products on the basis of their requirements, and the product adaptation effort measuring.

Eliciting Requirements from Stakeholders’ Responses Using Natural Language Processing

Most software systems have different stakeholders with a variety of concerns.The process of collecting requirements from a large number of stakeholders is vital but challenging.We propose an efficient,automatic approach to collecting requirements from different stakeholders’responses to a specific question.We use natural language processing techniques to get the stakeholder response that represents most other stakeholders’responses.This study improves existing practices in three ways:Firstly,it reduces the human effort needed to collect the requirements;secondly,it reduces the time required to carry out this task with a large number of stakeholders;thirdly,it underlines the importance of using of data mining techniques in various software engineering steps.Our approach uses tokenization,stop word removal,and word lemmatization to create a list of frequently accruing words.It then creates a similarity matrix to calculate the score value for each response and selects the answer with the highest score.Our experiments show that using this approach significantly reduces the time and effort needed to collect requirements and does so with a sufficient degree of accuracy.

STRENGTHEN EXCHANGE AND COOPERATION PROMOTE COMMON DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD SILK BUSINESS

Ladies and Gentlemen: The Second International silk Conference,China now begins.On behalf of China Na-tional Textile Council,I would like to extend a warm welcome to the experts,scholars andenterprisers who are here to attend the Conference,and thank you for all your support andefforts made for the Conference.

社会使命与时代叙事:1949~1965年传统工艺美术的“人民性”

中华人民共和国成立初期,伴随手工业社会主义改造的展开,毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》中提出的“人民性”文艺精神,在传统工艺美术中逐步落实:以“人民”身份登上政治舞台的手工艺人,成为工艺美术“人民性”的阐释主体;深入理解、深刻表现人民新生活,展现社会主义制度的优越性,从人民的需要出发“为人民”,成为工艺美术创作的社会使命;以“人民性”重建“民族性”,在“人民文化”中得以重构的“民族形式”,成为工艺美术叙事的时代元素。在“为人民”的社会需求中,作为“人民”的手工艺人,在实践中诠释了工艺美术的“人民性”,履行了工艺美术服务人民日常生活、展现社会主义优越性、塑造新时代人民形象的时代使命,也形成了融传统技艺、时代内容和民族意象于一体的新民族形式。

论陈彦小说自然观念之变及其意义

以文学地理论,陈彦数部长篇小说中所敞开的世界,均可归入广义的“秦岭叙述”一并讨论。但作为深具地理、文化和精神意涵的“秦岭”,在不同作品中意义的重心并不相同。《西京故事》中罗天福一家所居之“塔云山”,远离城市,风景优美,且秉有重要的精神意涵,却是主人公可以远望却难以生活于其间的所在。《装台》中叙述之“镇安”乡村之于韩梅的意义亦是如此。其间城乡二元对立的思维颇为鲜明。《主角》视野更为阔大,从宁州到省秦,不独地理空间扩大,秦岭作为人物精神参照的意义更加丰富,也更具文化和精神意涵。至新作《星空与半棵树》,“人事”与“自然”交互影响所敞开之全新可能,已然打破了城乡二元结构思维的窠臼,包含着新时代乡村社会主义实践的重要内容。从“内在于人间世”到“内在于天地自然”,陈彦自然观念之变,乃是极为复杂的时代和现实议题的重要表征,远非文学观念的调适所能概括。

面向业务的资源按需解析模型构建研究

针对在项目开发过程中新需求来临时,需要对自然语言处理工具和资源解析插件进行重新需求分析、重复开发等问题,提出了一套面向业务的资源按需解析方案。首先,提出了一种从需求到代码的资源按需解析方法,针对需求文本本身进行需求概念标引模型的构建。构建的需求概念标引模型的准确率、召回率、F1值等指标均高于其他分类模型。然后,针对需求文本与代码的关联,建立从需求文本到代码库类别的映射机制。对于模型的映射结果,使用前K准确率(percision@K)作为评价指标,最终准确率达到60%,具有一定的实用价值。综上所述,探索了一套具有需求解析能力、实现需求与代码关联的资源按需解析关键技术,并贯穿需求文本分类、需求代码库分类、代码库检索到插件生成的整个流程,形成了完整的“需求-代码-插件-解析”的业务闭环,通过实验验证了所提方法对于资源按需解析的有效性,为业务需求分析与软件复用提供了思路,与现有用于业务需求的解析和代码生成的大语言模型相比,所提方法聚焦于具体业务领域内的含有业务特点的插件代码复用全流程的实现。

人与自然和谐共生:马克思生态文化观的时代回响

人与自然和谐共生是社会主义生态文明的核心理念与价值诉求,是马克思生态文化观在新时代的理论创新与生动实践。基于生态世界观、生态批判观、生态重建观三重论域,马克思揭示出自然与社会辩证交互、双向建构的对象性关联,在历史与价值维度上阐明自然异化的深层成因,探寻人与自然双重解放的整体性变革路径。马克思的生态文化观拓展了感性-人化-历史贯穿融合的生态哲学视野,确立了哲学-经济学视域复合统一的生态批判范式,指明人-社会-自然协同发展的生态治理路径,树立起科学与人文交融互构的思想航标。

关于坚持我国宗教中国化方向的若干理论思考

习近平总书记提出的“坚持我国宗教中国化方向”,是中国特色社会主义宗教理论的重大创新,是马克思主义中国化、时代化,在认识和处理我国宗教问题上的光辉典范和具体运用。我国宗教中国化必将给我国新时代中国特色社会主义建设时期的宗教带来重大变革,必将对我国宗教的未来发展产生深远影响。这种重大变革和深远影响,能够与之相提并论的,只有中华人民共和国成立后我国宗教界肃清帝国主义势力、废除封建特权和压迫剥削,实行独立自主自办、民主管理带来的大变革。本文通过考察1949年以来中国特色社会主义宗教理论形成和不断完善的历程,论证坚持我国宗教中国化方向有着深刻的现实背景和深厚的理论基础,深入推进我国宗教中国化必须始终坚持宗教的群众性观点,更好地让我国宗教中国化的理念和实践为广大信教群众所接受和认同。

威廉·莱斯生态经济批判理论探析

威廉·莱斯通过其独特的辩证哲学视角对现代资本主义经济的反生态本质进行了深度分析,论述了资本主义高强度市场经济架构中商品结构特征的新变化及其消费主义倾向,揭示了资本主义技术应用与控制自然的意识形态的内在联系与悖论,主张通过确立环境友好的社会制度体系与伦理价值观念,将人类需要及其满足方式从市场依赖与技术律令中解放出来,构建重视发展质量且尊重自然限度的生态经济形式,形成了较为完整的资本主义经济生态批判及其重建的思想图景。莱斯首次明确了生态环境议题在资本主义经济批判及其重建中的重要地位,推进了马克思主义与当代环境保护思潮的融合性发展,为我们当下创建社会主义生态文明经济提供了思想启示,即社会主义生态文明经济建设不仅在于发展更为成熟的市场机制与技术条件,更在于构建更加完备的社会主义经济制度与治理体系。

马克思主义生态学视域下的生态本体论及其现实意义

马克思主义生态学基于马克思主义基本立场与经典性著述对“生态本体”意涵做了既唯物又辩证的概括,即同时坚持人与自然作为统一整体的自然生态的物质客观性和人类活动的主体实践性。当今世界异常复杂艰巨的自然生态与经济社会挑战和新时代的人与自然和谐共生中国式现代化建设,为我们深入思考这一概念议题提供了新的语境。其一,重思马克思主义生态学的“生态本体”问题可以进一步恢复或重构马克思主义生态学的唯物辩证特征;其二,马克思主义生态学的生态本体论可以通过阐发“生态阈限”“生态实践”等一系列概念来丰富拓展马克思主义生态学理论体系;其三,马克思主义生态学的生态本体论及其构建可以更坚实地确立建设人与自然和谐共生中国式现代化和社会主义生态文明的本体论学理性支撑。

基于限定自然语言需求模板的AADL模型生成方法

随着嵌入式软件系统在汽车、核工业、航空、航天等安全关键领域的广泛应用,其失效将会导致财产的损失、环境的破坏甚至人员的伤亡,使得保障软件安全性成为系统开发过程中的重要部分.传统的安全性分析方法主要应用在软件的需求分析阶段和设计阶段,然而需求与设计之间的鸿沟却一直是软件工程领域的一大难题.正是由于这一鸿沟的存在,使得需求分析阶段的安全性分析结果难以完整而详尽地反映在软件设计中.其根本原因是:当前的软件需求主要通过自然语言描述,存在二义性与模糊性,且难以进行自动化处理.为了解决这一问题,面向构件化嵌入式软件,首先提出了一种半结构化的限定自然语言需求模板用于需求规约,能够有效地降低自然语言需求的二义性与模糊性;然后,为了降低自动化处理的复杂性,采用需求抽象语法图作为中间模型,实现基于限定自然语言需求模板规约的软件需求与AADL模型之间的转换,并在此过程中自动记录两者之间的可追踪关系;最后,基于AADL开源工具OSATE对所提出方法进行了插件实现,并通过航天器导航、制导与控制系统(guidance,navigation and control,简称GNC)进行了实例性验证.

针对需求缺陷检测任务的自然语言需求数据集评估

自然语言是软件需求的主要书写形式之一,易于理解但容易产生缺陷。目前,基于自然语言处理等技术解决需求缺陷的方法引起学术界和工业界的广泛关注。但不像其他领域中存在大量可用公开数据集,在软件工程领域,仍然缺乏合适数据集与评价数据集是否合适的方法来帮助进行基于自然语言的需求缺陷检测等任务。针对需求缺陷检测,提出对应的数据集评估方法与度量模型,设计基于规则的数据集评估框架,对已有的公开需求数据集进行实验分析,并根据量化指标进行统计。

马克思主义生态学视域下的自然生态安全边界

习近平总书记基于对自然生态规律的科学认识和我国自然生态条件的理性分析,创造性地提出了“守住自然生态安全边界”的重要命题,为社会主义生态文明建设提供了重要思想指引与实践遵循。在马克思主义生态学视域下,自然生态安全边界既是自然界的客观运动规律与有限承载能力的表征,也是人与自然相互作用的社会历史性结果,而自然生态安全边界破坏的根本原因是资本主导的经济无限增长逻辑,因此守住自然生态安全边界不仅需要确立尊重自然和保护自然的基本原则,也要求推动社会生产生活方式的绿色变革,努力实现对资本主义经济关系和文明范式的历史性替代。当代中国的社会主义生态文明建设不仅要求以一种综合性方式应对当前生态环境问题,更致力于促进生态可持续考量、现代化发展与社会主义政治的制度性融合,努力创建人与自然和谐共生的人类文明新形态,因而为守住自然生态安全边界提供了现实支撑与促动条件。

考虑随机风影响的隧道通风量计算

现有隧道内通风量计算偏保守,往往需开启更多风机,导致能源浪费严重。本文提出一种考虑随机自然风影响下的隧道内通风量计算方法。将风频引入隧道通风量计算中,指出隧道内风频的两种表示方法,离散型风频分布和韦布尔风频分布,通过最小误差逼近算法计算韦布尔风频分布中的尺度系数A和形状系数K。通过算例可得,进口处考虑随机风比不考虑随机风的通风量多37.8%,说明考虑随机风影响可明显降低风机开启数量。

政治性视域下高校思想政治教育的历史逻辑和时代要求

政治性是高校思想政治教育的本质属性,政治引领是高校思想政治教育的根本价值所在。强调高校思想政治教育的政治性并突出其政治引领作用有两个要点:一是把握高校思想政治教育的历史逻辑,历史逻辑是高校如何进行思想政治教育的基本遵循;二是把握高校思想政治教育的现实内核,现实内核是我国高校思想政治教育的时代要求。因此,积极研究我国高校思想政治教育的历史逻辑和时代要求是新时代新征程中强调高校思想政治教育政治性并突出其政治引领作用的重要课题。