Nature of Soil Acidity in Relation to Properties and Lime Requirement of Some Inceptisols

Some Inceptisols representing the Singla catchment area in Karimgaunge district of Assam, India, were studied for lime requirement as influenced by the nature of soil acidity. The electrostatically bonded (EB)-H+ and EB-Al3+ acidities constituted 33 and 67 percent of exchangeable acidity while EB-H+, EB-Al3+,exchangeable and pH-dependent acidities comprised 6, 14, 20 and 80 percent of total potential acidity. The pH-dependent acidity made a major contribution towards the total potential acidity (67%～84%). Grand mean of lime requirement determined by the laboratory incubation method and estimated by the methods of New Woodruff, Woodruff and Peech as expressed in MgCaCO3 ha-1 was in the order: Woodruff (15.6) ＞ New Woodruff (14.9) ＞ Peech (5.1) ＞ incubation (5.0). Correlations analysis among different forms of acidity and lime requirement methods with selected soil properties showed that pH in three media, namely water, 1 mol L-1 KCl and 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2, had a significant negative correlation with different forms of acidity and lime requirement methods. Exchangeable Fe and Al showed significant positive correlations with EB-Al3+ acidity, exchangeable acidity, pH-dependent acidity and total potential acidity, and also lime requirement methods. Extractable Al showed positive correlations with different forms of acidity except EB-H+ and EB-Al3+ acidities. The lime requirement by different methods depended upon the extractable aluminium.Significant positive correlations existed between lime requirements and different forms of acidity of the soils except EB-H+ acidity and incubation method. The nature of soil acidity was mostly pH-dependent. Statistically, the Woodruff method did slightly better than the New Woodruff, incubation and Peech methods at estimating lime requirement and hence the Woodruff procedure may be recommended for routine soil testing because of its speed and simplicity.

Manufacturing Process Selection of “Green” Oil Palm Natural Fiber Reinforced Polyurethane Composites Using Hybrid TEA Criteria Requirement and AHP Method for Automotive Crash Box

In this study,the best manufacturing process will be selected to build an automotive crash box using green oil palm natural fibre-reinforced polyurethane composite materials.This paper introduces an approach consist of technical aspects(T),the economic point of view(E)and availability(A),and it’s also called as TEA requirement.This approach was developed with the goal of assisting the design engineer in the selection of the best manufacturing process during the design phase at the criteria selection stage.In this study,the TEA requirement will integrate with the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to assist decision makers or manufacturing engineers in determining the most appropriate manufacturing process to be employed in the manufacture of a composite automotive crash box(ACB)at the early stage of the product development process.It is obvious that a major challenge in the manufacturing selection process is lack of information regarding manufacturing of ACB using natural fibre composite(NFC).There have been no previous studies that examined ranking manufacturability processes in terms of their suitability.Therefore,the TEA-AHP hybrid method was introduced to provide unprejudiced criteria-ranking selection prior to evaluation of pairwise comparisons.At the end of this study,the pulforming process was selected as the best manufacturing process for fabrication of the ACB structural component.

Nature, Reason and Happiness in the Ricardian Socialists

In this article we focus on the making of socialism,of socialist thought in history,in Britain.The four socialists we are going to present in this paper are not so famous as Marx,Engels or even William Morris,but they played an essential role in the birth of socialism in Britain,and they certainly deserve being remembered.Their names are Thomas Hodgskin,William Thompson,John Gray and John Francis Bray.They are usually referred to as the‘Ricardian Socialists'.This article will try to examine the underlying philosophy which their economic constructions imply.Revisiting these writers may help understand the notions of nature,reason and happiness that are part and parcel of their socialism thought and their economic thought.

Intelligent Agent Based Mapping of Software Requirement Specification to Design Model

Automatically mapping a requirement specification to design model in Software Engineering is an open complex problem. Existing methods use a complex manual process that use the knowledge from the requirement specification/modeling and the design, and try to find a good match between them. The key task done by designers is to convert a natural language based requirement specification (or corresponding UML based representation) into a predominantly computer language based design model—thus the process is very complex as there is a very large gap between our natural language and computer language. Moreover, this is not just a simple language conversion, but rather a complex knowledge conversion that can lead to meaningful design implementation. In this paper, we describe an automated method to map Requirement Model to Design Model and thus automate/partially automate the Structured Design (SD) process. We believe, this is the first logical step in mapping a more complex requirement specification to design model. We call it IRTDM (Intelligent Agent based requirement model to design model mapping). The main theme of IRTDM is to use some AI (Artificial Intelligence) based algorithms, semantic representation using Ontology or Predicate Logic, design structures using some well known design framework and Machine Learning algorithms for learning over time. Semantics help convert natural language based requirement specification (and associated UML representation) into high level design model followed by mapping to design structures. AI method can also be used to convert high level design structures into lower level design which then can be refined further by some manual and/or semi automated process. We emphasize that automation is one of the key ways to minimize the software cost, and is very important for all, especially, for the “Design for the Bottom 90% People” or BOP (Base of the Pyramid People).

Automated Test Case Generation from Requirements: A Systematic Literature Review

Software testing is an important and cost intensive activity in software development.The major contribution in cost is due to test case generations.Requirement-based testing is an approach in which test cases are derivative from requirements without considering the implementation’s internal structure.Requirement-based testing includes functional and nonfunctional requirements.The objective of this study is to explore the approaches that generate test cases from requirements.A systematic literature review based on two research questions and extensive quality assessment criteria includes studies.The study identies 30 primary studies from 410 studies spanned from 2000 to 2018.The review’s nding shows that 53%of journal papers,42%of conference papers,and 5%of book chapters’address requirementsbased testing.Most of the studies use UML,activity,and use case diagrams for test case generation from requirements.One of the signicant lessons learned is that most software testing errors are traced back to errors in natural language requirements.A substantial amount of work focuses on UML diagrams for test case generations,which cannot capture all the system’s developed attributes.Furthermore,there is a lack of UML-based models that can generate test cases from natural language requirements by rening them in context.Coverage criteria indicate how efciently the testing has been performed 12.37%of studies use requirements coverage,20%of studies cover path coverage,and 17%study basic coverage.

Learning to Support Derivation of Adaptable Products in Software Product Lines

Software product line engineering is a large scale development paradigm based on mass production. It consists in building a common platform from which a set of products can be derived. Under the constraints of continuous evolution and costs optimization, the derivation process must be able to answer customers’ requirements and provide adequate products in a short time without defects. However, this purpose cannot be achieved if the customer must wait for the change is implemented in the common platform. In this paper, we describe our work which proposes a framework to manage derivation of adaptable products. An adaptable product is obtained by deriving the most similar product from the common platform and changing it to support the new requirements. The aim of the framework is to give quick response to the customers need while the new requirements are being implemented in the common platform. The framework includes tools for processing natural language requirements, computing the similarity between products on the basis of their requirements, and the product adaptation effort measuring.

Eliciting Requirements from Stakeholders’ Responses Using Natural Language Processing

Most software systems have different stakeholders with a variety of concerns.The process of collecting requirements from a large number of stakeholders is vital but challenging.We propose an efficient,automatic approach to collecting requirements from different stakeholders’responses to a specific question.We use natural language processing techniques to get the stakeholder response that represents most other stakeholders’responses.This study improves existing practices in three ways:Firstly,it reduces the human effort needed to collect the requirements;secondly,it reduces the time required to carry out this task with a large number of stakeholders;thirdly,it underlines the importance of using of data mining techniques in various software engineering steps.Our approach uses tokenization,stop word removal,and word lemmatization to create a list of frequently accruing words.It then creates a similarity matrix to calculate the score value for each response and selects the answer with the highest score.Our experiments show that using this approach significantly reduces the time and effort needed to collect requirements and does so with a sufficient degree of accuracy.

STRENGTHEN EXCHANGE AND COOPERATION PROMOTE COMMON DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD SILK BUSINESS

Ladies and Gentlemen: The Second International silk Conference,China now begins.On behalf of China Na-tional Textile Council,I would like to extend a warm welcome to the experts,scholars andenterprisers who are here to attend the Conference,and thank you for all your support andefforts made for the Conference.

论陈彦小说自然观念之变及其意义

以文学地理论,陈彦数部长篇小说中所敞开的世界,均可归入广义的“秦岭叙述”一并讨论。但作为深具地理、文化和精神意涵的“秦岭”,在不同作品中意义的重心并不相同。《西京故事》中罗天福一家所居之“塔云山”,远离城市,风景优美,且秉有重要的精神意涵,却是主人公可以远望却难以生活于其间的所在。《装台》中叙述之“镇安”乡村之于韩梅的意义亦是如此。其间城乡二元对立的思维颇为鲜明。《主角》视野更为阔大,从宁州到省秦,不独地理空间扩大,秦岭作为人物精神参照的意义更加丰富,也更具文化和精神意涵。至新作《星空与半棵树》,“人事”与“自然”交互影响所敞开之全新可能,已然打破了城乡二元结构思维的窠臼,包含着新时代乡村社会主义实践的重要内容。从“内在于人间世”到“内在于天地自然”,陈彦自然观念之变,乃是极为复杂的时代和现实议题的重要表征,远非文学观念的调适所能概括。

社会使命与时代叙事:1949~1965年传统工艺美术的“人民性”

中华人民共和国成立初期,伴随手工业社会主义改造的展开,毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》中提出的“人民性”文艺精神,在传统工艺美术中逐步落实:以“人民”身份登上政治舞台的手工艺人,成为工艺美术“人民性”的阐释主体;深入理解、深刻表现人民新生活,展现社会主义制度的优越性,从人民的需要出发“为人民”,成为工艺美术创作的社会使命;以“人民性”重建“民族性”,在“人民文化”中得以重构的“民族形式”,成为工艺美术叙事的时代元素。在“为人民”的社会需求中,作为“人民”的手工艺人,在实践中诠释了工艺美术的“人民性”,履行了工艺美术服务人民日常生活、展现社会主义优越性、塑造新时代人民形象的时代使命,也形成了融传统技艺、时代内容和民族意象于一体的新民族形式。

关于坚持我国宗教中国化方向的若干理论思考

习近平总书记提出的“坚持我国宗教中国化方向”,是中国特色社会主义宗教理论的重大创新,是马克思主义中国化、时代化,在认识和处理我国宗教问题上的光辉典范和具体运用。我国宗教中国化必将给我国新时代中国特色社会主义建设时期的宗教带来重大变革,必将对我国宗教的未来发展产生深远影响。这种重大变革和深远影响,能够与之相提并论的,只有中华人民共和国成立后我国宗教界肃清帝国主义势力、废除封建特权和压迫剥削,实行独立自主自办、民主管理带来的大变革。本文通过考察1949年以来中国特色社会主义宗教理论形成和不断完善的历程,论证坚持我国宗教中国化方向有着深刻的现实背景和深厚的理论基础,深入推进我国宗教中国化必须始终坚持宗教的群众性观点,更好地让我国宗教中国化的理念和实践为广大信教群众所接受和认同。

威廉·莱斯生态经济批判理论探析

威廉·莱斯通过其独特的辩证哲学视角对现代资本主义经济的反生态本质进行了深度分析,论述了资本主义高强度市场经济架构中商品结构特征的新变化及其消费主义倾向,揭示了资本主义技术应用与控制自然的意识形态的内在联系与悖论,主张通过确立环境友好的社会制度体系与伦理价值观念,将人类需要及其满足方式从市场依赖与技术律令中解放出来,构建重视发展质量且尊重自然限度的生态经济形式,形成了较为完整的资本主义经济生态批判及其重建的思想图景。莱斯首次明确了生态环境议题在资本主义经济批判及其重建中的重要地位,推进了马克思主义与当代环境保护思潮的融合性发展,为我们当下创建社会主义生态文明经济提供了思想启示,即社会主义生态文明经济建设不仅在于发展更为成熟的市场机制与技术条件,更在于构建更加完备的社会主义经济制度与治理体系。

基于限定自然语言需求模板的AADL模型生成方法

随着嵌入式软件系统在汽车、核工业、航空、航天等安全关键领域的广泛应用,其失效将会导致财产的损失、环境的破坏甚至人员的伤亡,使得保障软件安全性成为系统开发过程中的重要部分.传统的安全性分析方法主要应用在软件的需求分析阶段和设计阶段,然而需求与设计之间的鸿沟却一直是软件工程领域的一大难题.正是由于这一鸿沟的存在,使得需求分析阶段的安全性分析结果难以完整而详尽地反映在软件设计中.其根本原因是:当前的软件需求主要通过自然语言描述,存在二义性与模糊性,且难以进行自动化处理.为了解决这一问题,面向构件化嵌入式软件,首先提出了一种半结构化的限定自然语言需求模板用于需求规约,能够有效地降低自然语言需求的二义性与模糊性;然后,为了降低自动化处理的复杂性,采用需求抽象语法图作为中间模型,实现基于限定自然语言需求模板规约的软件需求与AADL模型之间的转换,并在此过程中自动记录两者之间的可追踪关系;最后,基于AADL开源工具OSATE对所提出方法进行了插件实现,并通过航天器导航、制导与控制系统(guidance,navigation and control,简称GNC)进行了实例性验证.

马克思主义生态学视域下的生态本体论及其现实意义

马克思主义生态学基于马克思主义基本立场与经典性著述对“生态本体”意涵做了既唯物又辩证的概括,即同时坚持人与自然作为统一整体的自然生态的物质客观性和人类活动的主体实践性。当今世界异常复杂艰巨的自然生态与经济社会挑战和新时代的人与自然和谐共生中国式现代化建设,为我们深入思考这一概念议题提供了新的语境。其一,重思马克思主义生态学的“生态本体”问题可以进一步恢复或重构马克思主义生态学的唯物辩证特征;其二,马克思主义生态学的生态本体论可以通过阐发“生态阈限”“生态实践”等一系列概念来丰富拓展马克思主义生态学理论体系;其三,马克思主义生态学的生态本体论及其构建可以更坚实地确立建设人与自然和谐共生中国式现代化和社会主义生态文明的本体论学理性支撑。

考虑随机风影响的隧道通风量计算

现有隧道内通风量计算偏保守,往往需开启更多风机,导致能源浪费严重。本文提出一种考虑随机自然风影响下的隧道内通风量计算方法。将风频引入隧道通风量计算中,指出隧道内风频的两种表示方法,离散型风频分布和韦布尔风频分布,通过最小误差逼近算法计算韦布尔风频分布中的尺度系数A和形状系数K。通过算例可得,进口处考虑随机风比不考虑随机风的通风量多37.8%,说明考虑随机风影响可明显降低风机开启数量。

人与自然和谐共生的现代化:思想底蕴、内在要求和实践路径

实现人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的本质要求,高度彰显了人类文明新形态的生态文明之维。人与自然和谐共生的现代化是我国在反思西式现代化发展教训后进行的自觉超越,是依据我国不断变化的具体国情对现代化进行的全新定位。中国式现代化的建设需在遵循自然规律的前提下,始终不渝坚持党的领导,以满足人民群众对美好生态环境需要为价值旨归,以高质量发展为导向,以实现人与自然和谐共生为重要目标。在中国式现代化建设的道路上要以和谐共生理念引领生态文明体制创新,构建人与自然生命共同体。人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化,既拓宽了中国特色社会主义的生态向度,又为世界生态环境治理提供了中国方案。

论习近平文化思想的人民性意蕴

习近平文化思想是党在新时代取得的重大理论创新成果,是党和人民集体智慧的结晶,从其孕育生成的那刻起就带着深深的人民性烙印。习近平文化思想的人民性意蕴主要体现在“为了人民、依靠人民、造福人民”三个维度。为了人民,即为了实现人民对美好生活的向往、为了满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求、为了维护人民的基本文化权益。依靠人民,即依靠人民担当推动文化传承赓续、依靠人民创造促进文化创新发展、依靠人民奋斗推进文化强国建设。造福人民,即在强调构筑中华民族共有精神家园中造福各族人民、在主张精神生活共同富裕中造福全体人民、在倡导全球文明交流互鉴中造福世界人民。

近28 a克孜河流域天然植被需水满足程度研究

以克孜河流域天然植被为研究对象,基于Landsat TM遥感影像及流域统计年鉴,分析了1990年、2000年、2010年及2018年流域天然植被的动态变化,采用潜水蒸散法计算了4个时期流域天然植被的生态需水量,研究了现状年流域天然植被潜水蒸发的极限埋深及恢复需水量。结果表明:(1)克孜河流域天然植被面积在28 a年间减少了1612.48 km2,减少幅度18.99%,总覆盖度减少22.26%;(2)克孜河流域天然植被在4个时期内的需水量分别为7.69×10^(8)m^(3)、7.49×10^(8)m^(3)、6.65×10^(8)m^(3)及5.84×10^(8)m^(3);(3)克孜河流域4个时期内流域来水均无法完全满足天然植被的生态需水量,分别缺水6.65×10^(8)m^(3)、7.49×10^(8)m^(3)、6.11×10^(8)m^(3)和5.84×10^(8)m^(3),流域缺水现象十分严重。为保证天然植被的生态需水,确定5.5 m为潜水蒸发极限地下水位埋深,所需水量为9.73×10^(8)m^(3)。

基于KANO模型的自然分娩产妇护理服务需求优化分析

【目的】基于KANO模型调查产妇自然分娩护理服务需求并进行分类排序,明确各服务服务项目的属性,为提升护理服务质量提供科学依据。【方法】采用方便抽样的方法于2019年4月至6月选取189例就诊于同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院自然分娩的产妇作为研究对象,使用修订的《自然分娩护理需求量表》进行问卷调查,基于KANO模型对服务需求项目进行属性分析和重要度矩阵分析。【结果】产房护理服务需求29个项目包括12个魅力属性,9个期望属性,5个必备属性,3个无关属性。9个期望属性需求内容均为竞争优势项目。5个必备属性中,有4项均为急待改进项目。【结论】运用KANO模型可准确有效识别产妇自然分娩护理服务需求的质量属性,进而可明确提升自然分娩护理服务质量的关键要素。

The Dual Nature of the Relationship Between the Socialist State and State-Run Enterprises

argues that this relationship is both a general relationship,i.e.,between enterprisesand the state as political power in the superstructure,and a particular relationship ofproduction,i.e.,between enterprises and the state as the representative of the own-ers of the means of production. At the present stage of socialism in China the statehas the ultimate right of ownership while the enterprises have a relative right of owner-ship within the system of ownership by the whole people.The two rights of owner-ship determine an identity in fundamental interests and differences in economic in-terests.These ownership rights entail a certain degree of commodity exchange betweenthe state and enterprises.One of the tasks in reforming the economic structure is totake this dual relationship into consideration.