Research on Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Farmers’ Specialized Cooperative Economic Organization

On the basis of conducting survey in Jiaonan City,the thesis analyzes benefit distribution mechanism of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,the benefit correlation is mainly the contract correlation;secondly,the profit distribution is mainly the dividend;thirdly,patronage refund has many connotations;fourthly,the public accumulation has not yet been quantified to individual;fifthly,the government support capital is ill-defined.Based on these,the measures are put forward in order to improve benefit distribution pattern of farmers’ specialized cooperative economic organizations:firstly,reform structure of property rights and realize farmers’ ownership;secondly,change mode of decision-making,and realize farmers’ control;thirdly,increase turnover rebate and realize farmers’ benefiting;fourthly,quantify public accumulation and government support fund.

Institutional Factors Affecting the Economic Performance of Peasant Special Cooperative Organization——A Case of Cuiping District,Yibin City,China

Literatures about the institutional arrangement of the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization are summarized.Based on the introduction of theoretical background,the overall level of annual earnings in the year 2008 is selected as a dependent variable to evaluate the economic performance of cooperative organizations,according to the investigation on 54 Peasant Special Cooperative Organizations in Cuiping District,Sichuan Province,China.A total of 13 institutional indices passing the correlation test are chosen as independent variables.Relationship between the development level and the institutional factors affecting the economic performance of cooperative organizations is studied by using factor analysis method.Result shows that there is relatively high consistency between the score of institutional factor and the development level of cooperative organization.Both macroscopic support system and internal benefit distribution system have greater impacts on the Peasant Special Cooperative Organization;the internal supervision factor and the interest factor of core members have insignificant impacts on the economic performance;and the production management factor has little effect on economic performance.Based on this,several suggestions are put forward,including standardizing and reforming the system,improving the countermeasures for economic performance,strengthening the support and policy guidance for Peasant Special Cooperative Organization,improving and standardizing the distribution of benefit system,the security system and monitoring system for core members' interests,and fully reflecting the interests of core members.

International Experience of Farmers Specialized Cooperative Economic Organizations in Marketing of Agricultural Products

In the world,development modes of farmers specialized cooperative economic organizations mainly includes two types:( i) specialized agricultural cooperatives with the United States of America as representative,and( ii) comprehensive agricultural cooperatives with Japan and South Korea as representative. In comparison,China mainly develops farmers specialized cooperatives which are agricultural production with family as unit and small in land and management scale like agricultural production in Japan. Therefore,in marketing of agricultural products,cooperatives in the United States of America and Japan have successful experience. China may learn such experience in the development of farmers specialized cooperatives.

ICARE Model:Learning Model Organization That Based on Work Skills Through Saori Weaving for Special Needs Children

Purpose:(1)Study the current state and needs of learning management,focusing on work skills through Saori weaving for special needs children;(2)Develop a learning management model focusing on work skills;(3)Develop a teacher-centered learning management approach through the use of Saori weaving for special needs children;(4)Study the effectiveness of the learning management model that focuses on working with special children.Research&Development Research Results:(1)The current state and needs of learning management focused on work skills through Saori weaving for special children;(2)The learning management model emphasizing for special children is four steps:a.prepare the actual context;b.set goals;c.plan and execute;d.monitoring;and Evaluatio Saori Weaving Class has five details:(1)Inspire:I(Explain:Inspired to work for success);(2)Choose:C(Explain:Choose what you like before you can see the future do it);(3)Aim&Act:A(Explain:Work with a happy goal that has set);(4)Reflect on learning:R(Explain:Reflect on learning);(5)Experiential-Based Learning Measure by concluding:ICARE Model.The results of teacher development on learning management focused on working skills:(1)Teachers with average scores after training,35.09%was 77.98%;(2)22 trainers were able to develop a skill management plan in the 21st century at the best evaluated in 73.33%and eight persons respectively in good or 26.67%.(3)The results of the study on the effectiveness of the model showed that the extra children had a higher grade of Saori weaving.After class,75.49%were higher than the standard set of 70%and the students were satisfied with Saori weaving as the most levels.

Special Issue on "Response of Polar Organisms and Natural Environment to Global Changes"

High altitude and high latitude regions on Earth are experiencing rapid changes in climate, with impacts on polar organisms and the environment. The persistent cold and sometimes inhospitable conditions create unique ecosystems and habitats for polar organisms.

Inviting Contributions to a Special Issue on "Response of Polar Organisms and Natural Environment to Global Changes"

Dear Colleagues, We would like to invite you to submit manuscripts to a special issue of the journal Advances in Polar Science （APS） on ＂Response of Polar Organisms and Natural Environment to Global Changes＂.

Special Issue-Agriculture Ontology

In 2000, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （UNFAO） initiated the program of Agri- cultural Ontology Service （AOS）, aiming to establish standards and develop tools to enhance the effective agricultural knowledge service and collaboration around the world. Agriculture ontology is a system that con- tains agricultural terms, agricultural definitions and de- scription of relationship between terms, which is con- sidered as a kind of the formal representation of con- cepts and relationship between them existing in the field of agriculture. It is paid more attention in the agricul- tural knowledge organization and service in the world.

Direct Marketing and Consumer Trust in Organic Food Products： Vilnius （Lithuania） Case

The market of organic food products has a continuous upward trend though the growth rate and sale channels in individual countries are rather different. This research aims to identify the key factors that influence consumers＇ choice to buy organic food products in Lithuania focusing on the consumer trust in the quality and the most acceptable marketing channels. In order to get the necessary information, the residents of Vilnius （the capital of Lithuania）, as having the greatest potential for the organic food market in the country, were interviewed. The analysis of collected data was done using the methods of mathematical statistics and comparison of relative frequencies. The results of this research prove the increasing consumers＇ interest in organic food products. The majority of consumers consider these products to be healthier, better-tasting and fresher. Only about a third of the purchasers （usually buying frequently） can see differences between organic and non-organic products, therefore, there is a problem to distinguish organic food from conventional products and, consequently, remains a possibility to cheat the consumer. An additional quality control and direct sales from known and familiar farmers might increase trust in the quality of organic food products. So far, supermarkets are the most important place to buy organic foods, however, the greater consumer confidence in the quality of organic products bought at farmers＇ markets and the acceptance of the majority of purchasers to buy organic food products directly from the farmers suppose the need to develop a direct marketing system.

General Elements of the ICAO-International Civil Aviation Organization Activities

The International Civil Aviation Organization （ICAO） is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Functionally, it has emerged as the organizational necessity of both the universal complex structure and the importance of its overall activity. It was created on the basis of Article 57 of the United Nations Charter, stipulating that the specialized UN agencies are autonomous international organizations. They enjoy their autonomy on the basis of the contract they were established by, being engaged in activities within the United Nations system. On the territories the organization member states comprise, they enjoy privileges and immunities, having the international legal capacity to carry out their activities in accordance to the Statute. The 1944 Multilateral Convention was to establish both protection and efficient development of international civil aviation. In accordance to that rights and obligations of member states were established. It is of a special importance to emphasize obligation of parties to take their parts in both co-operation and programs aimed at improvement of international transport, navigational equipment, and installations. In the globalized world of today, air traffic is an irreplaceable part of the system of communication. It enables fast and timely business contacts between the people from various continents, as well as transport of goods.

语言学专科辞书的术语组织研究——基于5部语言学百科词典的比较

本文以我国上世纪90年代以来出版的5部语言学专科辞书为研究对象,从词目的知识组织体系、多义术语及其翻译等角度对所收录术语做了调查。研究发现上述辞书普遍存在术语收录层次混乱、词目体系性与完整性缺乏、多义术语分类归属困难以及术语翻译错误等问题。在此基础上,本文结合词典学与术语学理论,论证辞书宏观结构对上述5部辞书选词立目方面的正负面影响,并在《语言学与应用语言学百科全书》的宏观结构的基础上提出多维立体宏观结构观,同时也提出专科辞书的编纂不仅仅是资料汇总,更需要语言学专业学者深入介入研编工作。

语义密构解析:农民集体所有与本集体成员集体所有

民法典第261条第1款规定:“农民集体所有的不动产和动产,属于本集体成员集体所有”。其条文中有三个“集体”和两个“所有”,但其同一词语并非表达同一概念。在该条立法假定部分,表达集体所有制客观存在的事实状态,其中“集体”“所有”为政治经济学概念;在立法处理部分,表达设定集体所有权的法律状态,其中“集体”“所有”为法学概念。我国宪法和民法典通过在特定规范中语境设置转换,实现“集体”“所有”的语义设定由政治经济学范畴迁移至法学范畴。对“集体”“所有”的语义自设不同,反映词语所指的概念界定不同,进而反映法律叙事者的观察视野与观念表达不同,这是农村集体经济法治领域许多学术观点争议与立法方案竞争得以发生的底层原因。依民法典第261条第1款之本旨,民法典中的“农民集体”是政治经济学概念,反映物质性的经济关系;“农村集体经济组织”是法学概念,反映观念性的法律关系。农民集体是农村集体经济组织的经济本质,农村集体经济组织是农民集体的法律形式,两者之间是异质同体的社会存在。

农村集体经济组织法人破产能力理论证成与制度构造--以《农村集体经济组织法》第6条第2款为中心

《农村集体经济组织法》第6条第2款间接承认了农村集体经济组织法人具有破产能力,但缺乏对其正当性基础的理论证成以及如何建构特殊破产制度的正面回应。农村集体经济组织的财产特殊性和职能综合性无法成为阻碍破产的有力依据,相反只有具有破产能力才能实现脱离债务危机、公平清偿债权以及保护公有制经济不受侵害。农村集体经济组织法人特殊破产制度双阶构造包括防火墙设置与破产免责规定。其中防火墙的双层设置包括从形式上设立公司、农民专业合作社等次级法人与从实体上分类限制破产财产范围;破产免责通过“程序—实体”两个层面展开:前者采用许可免责模式和建立灵活考察期时长制度,后者通过界定不予免责的债务人情形和债务类型。

国家重点研发计划立项实施和组织管理探索和思考--以林业领域首批专项为例

以“十三五”国家重点研发计划首批林业专项为例,总结分析26个项目的立项和实施情况,阐释专业管理机构“全链条创新设计、一体化组织实施”为设计思路的组织管理创新举措。同时结合国家重点研发计划项目设立目标和政策要求,对林业专项实施过程中存在的主要问题进行梳理剖析,提出林业专项优化过程管理和促进成果产出的对策和建议。

高性能高分子材料体系自立自强发展战略研究

高性能高分子材料具有高强高模、高绝缘、耐腐蚀、耐辐照或绿色低碳等特点,是保障国家安全和国民经济发展的战略性材料之一,广泛应用于航空航天、电子电器、生物医疗等重要领域。本文系统梳理了高性能树脂及工程塑料、有机纤维、生物基树脂及可降解材料、特种橡胶及弹性体四大类高性能高分子材料中的重点品种,分析了国内外重点品种的发展现状和特点。研究发现,目前我国在高性能高分子材料方面已建立起比较完备的化工原料–合成–加工改性–制品应用上下游产业体系,但同时也存在关键原料保障不足、产品应用开发有待拓展等问题。在此基础上,从加强技术创新、推进关键原料保障、组建创新联合体等方面提出对策建议,以期为我国高性能高分子材料体系发展提供参考。

农村集体经济组织法人的内在逻辑与制度表达

农村集体经济组织是实现乡村振兴战略的重要主体,《民法典》确认其特别法人地位,奠定了未来中国土地改革的基础。农村集体经济组织具有存续期间的先在性、组织职能的双重性、成员资格的封闭性和集体资产的公有性等特别属性,亦正是该特别属性导致农村集体经济组织陷入外延边界不清、组织职能分配不均衡、组织内农民难以受益和面临市场风险等制度困境,亟需进行法律上合理的制度表达。应厘清农村集体经济组织与村民委员会的角色定位并实现“政经分离”,适当剥离公共事业服务职能并强化生产经营性职能,在适度开放集体成员资格的同时设立成员双层结构,承认农村集体经济组织的破产能力,但应将集体土地所有权及非经营性资产本身从责任财产范围中予以剔除。

桃专用有机肥及配套施肥技术对桃园土壤理化性质及收益的影响

旨在比较桃专用有机肥及配套施肥技术与化肥、农家肥对桃园土壤理化性质、鲜桃产量及效益的影响。在10 a生桃园(品种:浅涧白桃)基肥设置为,化肥(CK)、农家肥(T_(1))、桃专用有机肥及配套施肥(T_(2))3个处理组(各处理追肥相同)。结果显示,T_(1)和T_(2)处理与CK相比均降低土壤体积质量,增加土壤贮水量,显著提高土壤有机质含量,在0~20 cm土层中有机质较CK分别提高36.77%和33.73%;T_(2)处理提高土壤中速效养分含量,其0~60 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别较CK提高7.34%、9.05%、5.90%;各处理桃年均产量为T_(2)>T_(1)≥CK,T_(2)处理的果实含糖量达到23°,糖酸比为33.23;专用肥及配套施肥技术能显著提高鲜桃的产量和品质,改善桃园土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。

基于组分设计的MOFs衍生碳基吸波材料的研究进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)具有孔隙率高、比表面积大等特点,其衍生物重量轻、带宽宽、损耗能力强,具有有序规整以及易设计性的组分结构而被广泛用于电磁波吸收研究。总结了单金属、双金属及金属氧化物MOFs碳基吸波材料作为微波吸收材料的性能、优势及其在电磁波吸收方面的应用等,分析了不同组分和组分设计对电磁波吸收性能的影响。尽管还面临许多的挑战,但MOFs衍生物作为电磁波吸收材料显示出广阔的发展潜力。

专用生物有机肥对衰弱症杨梅土壤改良及果实品质提升的作用

近年来出现的杨梅新型衰弱症可导致树体落叶、死亡,并降低杨梅果实品质和产量。施用针对性的生物有机肥或可解决由此衰弱症状导致的问题。该研究基于前期调查,针对杨梅果树生长的特殊营养需求,研发并施用以商品蚕沙为有机肥载体,分别复配以地衣芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、叶状微杆菌为主的微生物菌群而成的3种专用生物有机肥初级产品,通过对患衰弱症树体的根际土壤性质、杨梅果实相关指标的测定,探究专用生物有机肥初级产品对土壤改良以及果实品质提升的作用。结果表明,相较于施用复合肥的对照组,施用3种生物有机肥初级产品均可改善杨梅种植土壤的酸化问题,使土壤pH值有效提高约0.2;增加土壤有效态氮、有效态磷、有效态钾含量,并保持土壤有机质含量,显著提升土壤肥力。同时,杨梅果实中可溶性固形物含量分别提高1.44、1.70、1.47百分点,最大单果重达22.5 g,且果实硬度降低、口感提升。以上研究为研发杨梅专用生物有机肥从而降低杨梅新型衰弱症造成的不利影响提供理论和应用基础。

环境类专业有机化学课程思政探索与实践

大学有机化学是一门基础课,除化学相关专业学生外,医学、药学、生物、材料、环境、石油与天然气乃至刑侦专业的学生都会学习有机化学。经过数百年的积累加上近代科学技术的突飞猛进的发展,有机化学内涵极为丰富,为开展课程思政提供了大量的案例。对环境类专业学生来说,有机化学是学习后续专业课的基础。开展环境类专业学生的课程思政时,要充分考虑学生的专业背景,深入挖掘有机化学课程中与环境类专业相关的思政元素,实现思政元素的专业化和特色化。在教授知识的同时润物细无声地融入思政元素,让学生意识到有机化学在今后学习和工作中的基础性作用。真正达到德育与智育的统一,落实立德树人根本任务。

新时代高校组织员专业化发展的挑战及对策

高校组织员专业化发展是完善全面从严治党责任体系、推动新时代高校党的建设新的伟大工程向纵深发展的本质要求。当前,高校组织员队伍的专业化建设面临着队伍配置不到位、考核制度不健全、专业素养不均衡及职业前景不明晰等窘境。以对标政治标准、聚焦制度建设、强化能力提升及创新体制机制等举措为抓手,积极推进新时代高校组织员专业化能力提升。