Discussion on Action and Potential of Fenlong Megascience in the Symbiosis between Human and Nature

The fourth new farming model Fenlong is identified as megascience for the first time. Fenlong can be directly applied to farming of farmland, remoulding of mortar black soil and saline alkali land and development of degraded grassland. Deep loosening can create huge soil reservoirs, reduce fertilization, promote indi- rectly the improvement of river water fisheries and water sources and the upgrading of shaping and hydropower industry, thus making a new round of mobilization and pooling of natural resources. As a result, the nature is able to produce good food needed by human, the spatial dimension of the land is increased, the natural pre- cipitation storage is increased, the flood and drought disasters are reduced, the eco-environment is improved, and the economic benefits are increased. Fenlong is not restricted to global application by ecological region and crop variety and is not subject to the time-space constraints for a hundred thousand years. On the basis of utilizing the heaven and earth resources, it brings about a huge effect of mega- science. Compare with traditional farming, the depth under the mode of Fenlong is increased by 2-3 times, the contents of nutrient, water, oxygen and microorganism in the soil are increased by 10%-200%, the content of pale salt is increased by 20%-40%, the temperature is increased by 2-4 ~C, and the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is improved by 10%. Under the cultivation mode of Fenlong, the yield of crop applied with no fertilizers is increased by more than 10%, crop yield is still in- creased by more than 5% when the application amount of chemical fertilizer is re- duced by 10%-20%. Under the farming mode of Fenlong combined with no in- crease in fertilization, the crop yield, crop quality, farming efficiency, natural precipi- tation storage and air humidity are increased by 10%-50%, 5%, 15%, 100% and 5%, respectively, and the emissions of methane and other gases are reduced by more than 5%. Even in mortar black soil, saline alkali land and degraded grassland, the yield is still increased by 15%-50%. These improvement effects can last for many years, helping achieve the real harmonious coexistence between human and nature.

Study on the Epistemology Development of the Correlation between Human Beings and Nature

This study aimed to alert people that the harmony between human beings and nature has already become an urgent problem. All people are responsible for maintaining the harmony, which is the also the inexorable trend of historical development. Reviewing the evolution history of human kind, the relationship between human beings and nature from harmony to imbalance, from imbalance to a new harmony was analyzed from the macro perspective, and it was pointed out that the present society is in the transitional phase from imbalance to a new harmony and also a phase that people are consciously coordinating their relationship with nature. It was found through the study that a harmonious society relies on the harmony between human beings and nature, and the latter is a necessary condition for a real harmonious society, however, people always forget such a principle. The imbalanced relationship between human beings and nature has seriously influenced many aspects of social harmony, and become instable factors in China and international society, even threatened the development and survival of human beings. Thus, all people should make joint efforts in creating win-win conditions for the development between human beings and nature, and ensuring offspring a healthy and green earth.

The Ecological Landscape with the Integration of Humanistic Culture and Nature Environment —A Case Study of Landscape Transformation in Baoyan Eco-Tourism Garden of Changshu City

Based on the landscape ecology theory,this paper analyzed the ecology concept and the existing misconceptions of landscape design from the perspective of ecology.The misconceptions included the excessive using of ecological concepts,undue emphasis on the natural features of ecology,and endowing landscape with human cultural blindly.Taking Baoyan eco-tourism garden landscape renovation as an example,this study analyzed the superior natural conditions of this garden,the negative status in the current development process which included the conservative development and construction,singleness of entertainment,cultural educational and the other activities,disorder of landscape structure,lack of cultural landscape,weakness of landscape features and the unremarkable competitive advantages.To construct an ecological landscape with integration of humanistic and nature features,this paper proposed "ecological gardens" as the theme,following the design concept which made full integration of creating cultural landscape with the improvement and protection of natural ecological environment.Finally,the author elaborated such kind of ecological landscape from the following 4 aspects,including the integration,protection,restoration,and creation of landscape.

Disinfection Byproducts and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Sources:Origins,Influencing Factors,and Environmental Insights

Tracing the contamination origins in water sources and identifying the impacts of natural and human processes are essential for ecological safety and public health.However,current analysis approaches are not ideal,as they tend to be laborious,time-consuming,or technically difficult.Disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are a family of well-known secondary pollutants formed by the reactions of chemical disinfectants with DBP precursors during water disinfection treatment.Since DBP precursors have various origins(e.g.,natural,domestic,industrial,and agricultural sources),and since the formation of DBPs from different precursors in the presence of specific disinfectants is distinctive,we argue that DBPs and DBP precursors can serve as alternative indicators to assess the contamination in water sources and identify pollution origins.After providing a retrospective of the origins of DBPs and DBP precursors,as well as the specific formation patterns of DBPs from different precursors,this article presents an overview of the impacts of various natural and anthropogenic factors on DBPs and DBP precursors in drinking water sources.In practice,the DBPs(i.e.,their concentration and speciation)originally present in source water and the DBP precursors determined using DBP formation potential tests—in which water samples are dosed with a stoichiometric excess of specific disinfectants in order to maximize DBP formation under certain reaction conditions—can be considered as alternative metrics.When jointly used with other water quality parameters(e.g.,dissolved organic carbon,dissolved organic nitrogen,fluorescence,and molecular weight distribution)and specific contaminants of emerging concern(e.g.,certain pharmaceuticals and personal care products),DBPs and DBP precursors in drinking water sources can provide a more comprehensive picture of water pollution for better managing water resources and ensuring human health.

An Exploration of Human Nature and a Challenge Against Conventional Morality of American South——On the Theme ofThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

文章通过对马克.吐温名著《哈克贝利.芬历险记》主题的分析,深刻探讨了马克.吐温对人的本性的探索和对美国南方传统道德的挑战,并进而提出了与现今社会紧密联系的人文关怀问题。

Systematic and Theoretical Unfolding of Research on Xi Jinping’s Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protect-ing human rights stand as a shining example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxist human rights theory,embodying profound theoretical,political,practical,and cultural logic.Existing research has conducted comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and academic extractions on the following contents:the core essence in-herent in these important discourses,including the“theory of human rights concepts,”the“theory of human rights paths,”the“theory of human rights practices,”the“theory of human rights protection,”and the“theory of human rights governance,”along with their profound theoretical significance,practical significance,and global signifi-cance.In the future,researchers should emphasize efforts on studying the original texts and understanding the original principles.While focusing on the precision of concepts,the scientific nature of the prop-ositions,the maturity of theoretical systems,and the rigor of internal logic related to Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights,researchers should also pay attention to constructing a discourse system on human rights from the dimensions of discourse power,discourse cluster,and discourse field.Researchers should be adept at drawing innovative insights into human rights theory from China’s vibrant human rights practices and the vast masses of people.This approach will facilitate the systematic unfolding,academic trans-formation,and innovative development of Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights.

Assessing the Influence of Climate Extremes on Ecosystems and Human Health in Southwestern Amazon Supported by the PULSE-Brazil Platform

The complexity of multi-dimensional climate, environmental and human health information complicates bringing together scientists, civil society, and decision makers to provide adequate mitigation and adaptation options for the consequences of global environmental change. To provide an effective pathway to conciliate (integrate) these datasets, we present PULSE-Brazil as the Platform for Understanding Long-term Sustainability of Ecosystems and human health. The overarching aim of this paper is to focus on two study cases in the Brazilian state of Acre, 1) analyzing recent socio-environmental disasters such as the impacts of droughts and consequent increases in fire detections on the incidence of respiratory diseases, and 2) evaluating the impacts of temperature increases in combination with rainfall seasonality upon the incidence of Dengue fever. Based on data available in PULSE-Brazil platform, we also aim to provide insights on the consequences of future climate variability on ecosystems and human health. Finally, we provide a discussion on the collaborative process between scientists and policymakers that defined the PULSE-Brazil platform specifications and datasets and propose a conceptual pathway for promoting the interaction between science and policy during the process of producing a tool that allows the understating of climate-relate processes. Our results clearly demonstrated that ecosystems are under increased fire risk in the future that will, in turn, affect the health of human populations. Moreover, humans are also exposed to critical Dengue fever outbreaks with the projected increase in minimum temperatures. Therefore, minimizing the impacts of these potentially ascending socio-environmental problems is the first step for adapting to a changing climate in the Amazon region. We expect that PULSE-Brazil will serve not only as a technical tool for supporting governance, management, mitigation and long-term adaptation plans for climate impacts and natural disasters, but also will take advantage of its graphical capabilities to be an instructive vehicle that facilitates information flow for societal governance.

On Education and Human Nature

The rapid economic development has enhanced the national strength and improved people's living standards while it also caused confusion in education values. The author tries to look back to different views of human nature in the west and in China, together with the corresponding educational ideas; to expound the most original and fundamental teaching beliefs Chinese people should hold.

Patterns of human-wildlife conflict and compensation practices around Daxueshan Nature Reserve, China

Understanding the spatial patterns of human-wildlife conflict is essential to inform management decisions to encourage coexistence, but it is constrained by the lack of spatially-explicit data. We collected spatially-implicit data of human-wildlife conflicts from 2009-2015 around Daxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, and investigated the patterns and drivers of these conflicts. A questionnaire was also designed to capture local resident attitudes toward insurance-based compensation for the losses caused by targeted wildlife. We found that the Asiatic black bear （Ursus thibetanus） was the most conflict-prone animal around the reserve, followed by the rhesus macaque （Macaca mulatta） and Southeast Asian sambar （Cervus equinus）. Conflicts were unevenly distributed among seasons, villages, and communities, with several grids identified as conflict hotspots. Poisson models revealed that human-bear conflicts were negatively related to distance to the reserve and proportion of forest, but positively correlated to the proportion of cropland. Binomial models showed that communities affected by crop depredation were positively correlated with the proportion of cropland and negatively correlated with distance to the reserve, whereas communities affected by livestock depredation were negatively correlated with the proportion of cropland. The insurance-based scheme has compensated over 90% of losses, to the satisfaction of 90.6% of respondents. Our results suggest that human-bear conflict could be potentially reduced by eliminating food crops near the reserve boundary and livestock grazing at conflict hotspots.In addition, the insurance-based scheme could be replicated at a broader scale with improvement in loss assessment.

Review the Nature and the Humanity in King Lear

Tragedy is the art that purifies the mind.Through richly-drawn impressive characters,King Lear illustrates the sameness of human nature and manifest the common outlook on humanity in Chinese and western culture.King Lear should be studied from the perspectives of dialectics of nature and history of social development.Through manifestation of nature and human beings,King Lear proves to be deeply touching for being earthshaking,society-changing and mind-purifying.The artistic value of this tragedy lies in that the truth,the good and the beauty against the fake,the bad and the ugly.All these contributes to its extraordinary standing in aesthetics,philosophy,anthropology,sociology and psychology.

Assessing the impacts of human activities and climate variations on grassland productivity by partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM)

The cause-effect associations between geographical phenomena are an important focus in ecological research. Recent studies in structural equation modeling（SEM） demonstrated the potential for analyzing such associations. We applied the variance-based partial least squares SEM（PLS-SEM） and geographically-weighted regression（GWR） modeling to assess the human-climate impact on grassland productivity represented by above-ground biomass（AGB）. The human and climate factors and their interaction were taken to explain the AGB variance by a PLS-SEM developed for the grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China. Results indicated that 65.5% of the AGB variance could be explained by the human and climate factors and their interaction. The case study showed that the human and climate factors imposed a significant and negative impact on the AGB and that their interaction alleviated to some extent the threat from the intensified human-climate pressure. The alleviation may be attributable to vegetation adaptation to high human-climate stresses, to human adaptation to climate conditions or/and to recent vegetation restoration programs in the highly degraded areas. Furthermore, the AGB response to the human and climate factors modeled by GWR exhibited significant spatial variations. This study demonstrated that the combination of PLS-SEM and GWR model is feasible to investigate the cause-effect relation in socio-ecological systems.

Double potentialities of tumoricide and hematopoiesis of human bone marrow cells activated by IL-2 and IL-3

The biomodulative and hematopoietic potentialities of IL-2 and IL-3 activatedbone marrow(ABM)cells from patients with lung adenocarcinoma were studied in vitro.Human bone marrow(BM)cells could be activated by IL-2 in culture for 7d.TheseIL-2 ABM cells had higher cytolytic activities against cells of H 7402 cell line and freshautologous adenocarcinoma cells and maintained the cytotoxicities longer than IL-2 acti-vated peripheral blood lymphocytes(APBLs),a point of possible importance in adoptiveimmunotherapy for cancer patients.The IL-2 ABM cells also had similar number ofBFU-E and CFU-GM to that had fresh BM cells if 1L-3 was added 48h alter IL-2 inculture.The IL-2 and IL-3 ABM cells might be used to eliminate tumor cells and tosupply reconstitutive elements of BM for autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Marx's Theory of Humanity and Nature

Marx's theory of humanity and nature is an indispensable part of Marx's theory of social development. The history of the development of human society is essentially a natural historical process. Human must start from certain natural premises and start from a combination of certain natural premises and human practices. This is the objective process and inevitable law of the development of human society. Grasping and understanding the scientific connotation of Marx's theory of humanity and nature has very important guiding significance for the development of human society.

Latent Challenges in the Human-Nature Relationship for Sustainable Design and Planning

In the global context, the relationship between human beings and nature has been discussed in various fields of study. This paper introduced three of the important challenges in this relationship, which have, thus far, been only partially or implicitly acknowledged in design and planning. The aim was to elucidate the key disregarded and neglected aspects in the human-nature relationship that need to be considered in different phases of the design and planning of future projects. This paper will thus inform the designers and planners about the previously overlooked but important challenges in the human-nature relationship, which must be moved to the foreground of the design and planning processes. These challenges include the definition of the term “nature”, the reciprocal effects among scales and adhering to or going beyond environmental sustainability. As the main conclusion, the paper shows how these challenges can improve the mutually supportive interaction between human beings and nature in the field of design and planning. Specifically speaking, the paper discussed how to convert the overlooked challenges in the human-nature relationship into potentials in the design and planning process. The main applied methods for this paper were a review of the related literature and the appropriate analysis.

Human Nature, Personality, and Human Freedom in Feng Qi＇s On Wisdom

In creating his theory of wisdom, Feng Qi emphasizes that Chinese Marxist philosophy should move from the theory of knowledge to a discourse on wisdom and concentrate on Chinese people＇s living world and life existence, so as to provide a spiritual home for the Chinese people and thereby highlight the importance of human nature, personality, and human freedom in Chinese Marxist philosophy. In researching human nature, he expatiates on the problems of mind （xin） and human nature （xing）, natural instincts （tian xing） and virtues （de xing）, and general character and individual character; in emphasizing personality, he puts forward the idea that the ideal personality is ＂free personality as a member of ordinary people;＂ in probing into the problems of human freedom, he explains how to get freedom from the basis of practical materialism. This philosophical inquiry enriches Chinese Marxist philosophy＇s researches into the understanding of humanity and the connection of philosophy with the living world, which opens up a new area of development in the sinicization of Marxist philosophy.

Self-existence,Altru-existence and Human Nature

The question whether human nature is good or evil has been argued about throughout the history.This paper contends that man’s actions are driven by his needs for self-existence and altru-existence.Moral judgment is mostly determined by social norms,and different times may give different judgments to human actions.Whether man is good or evil depends on the actions taken in the situations and from the balance between self-existence and altru-existence in him.The balance point between self-existence and altru-existence may vary from person to person and from culture to culture.Even in the same person,at the different stages of his life or in different situations,the position of the balance point may change accordingly.This paper also applies the idea of balance point to the explanation of the formation of the Chinese national character.

About the Nature of Ecological Ethics Debates and the Relationship between Human and Nature

There are natural ethical debates in ecological ethics, namely whether nature has intrinsic value, whether the nature has its rights. Theoretical basis of argument is the opposite of anthropocentrism and non- anthropocentrism. Ecological ethics controversy concerns the core issue of the relationship between human and nature of the ecological ethics about nature, to correctly understand and deal with the relationship between mankind and nature, ecological ethics and ecological ethics is the starting point and destination debates.

Human Rights Connotations and Its Legal Protection in the Harmonious Coexistence between Humans and Nature

Promoting the unity of human nature and sociality in practice is a fundamental path dependence for achieving people's well-rounded development.Within the context of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,the practice of the unity of human nature and sociality is allowed to be truly implemented,and people's well-rounded development moves from possibility to reality.Strengthening the protection of human rights for people's well-rounded development in the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature not only requires the expansion of the connotations of environmental rights from“the right to a healthy environment”to“the right to a beautiful environment”,but also necessitates the formation of a collaborative framework between environmental rights and development rights.For legal responses to the expansion of the connotations of environmental rights,it is necessary to implement such expansions in environmental legislation,enhance the underlying principles,and make progress in the development of systematic environmental legislation simultaneously.Regarding the legal promotion of the synergy between environmental rights and development rights,it is essential to follow the guidance of the“Two Mountains Theory,”take the coordinated functions of environmental and traditional legal departments as the basis,and build a legal mechanism for the realization of the value of ecological products and services.

The Aggro of "Human Nature" and "Divine Nature"

The love is the topic of the abyss of time of mankind, but inhibits in the asceticism of western religion under, the love often takes a tragedy color. In the western literature work depiction concerning the love of clergy, then there is the aggro of "human nature" and "divine nature". This text tries to explain west from three works religion bottom of love tragedy.

The Relationship between Nature and Human Beings in Wide Sargasso Sea

Famous for giving voice to Bertha, the marginalized mad woman in the attic in Jane Eyre, Wide Sargasso Sea is filled with vivid description of nature, which contributes to the successful characterization of main characters and shows the theme of the relationship between nature and human beings. However few attention is paid to that theme. The mythological and archetypal approach is thus adopted to analyze three major characters and fill the gap. Antoinette is viewed as the daughter of nature. Christophine functions as the incarnation of nature. Rochester plays the role of the intruder who does harm to nature. To conclude, Wide Sargasso Sea is not only a criticism of anthropocentrism but also a warning bell to the stereotyped opposition in the western culture. After the successful shaking of the fixed order, Wide Sargasso Sea also drops a hint that there exists the hope to build a new world where human beings and nature, men and women keep a harmonious and balanced relationship.