Scenario analysis on abating industrial process greenhouse gas emissions from adipic acid production in China

Adipic acid is an important petrochemical product,and its production process emits a high concentration of greenhouse gas N_2 O.This paper aims to provide quantitative references for relevant authorities to formulate greenhouse gas control roadmaps.The forecasting method of this paper is consistent with the published national inventory in terms of caliber.Based on the N_2 O abatement technical parameters of adipic acid and the production trend,this paper combines the scenario analysis and provides a measurement of comprehensive N_2 O abatement effect of the entire industry in China.Four future scenarios are assumed.The baseline scenario(BAUS) is a frozen scenario.Three emission abatement scenarios(ANAS,SNAS,and ENAS) are assumed under different strength of abatement driving parameters.The results show that China's adipic acid production process can achieve increasingly significant N_2 O emission abatement effects.Compared to the baseline scenario,by 2030,the N_2 O emission abatements of the three emission abatement scenarios can reach 207-399 kt and the emission abatement ratios can reach 32.5%-62.6%.By 2050,the N_2 O emission abatements for the three emission abatement scenarios can reach 387-540 kt and the emission abatement ratios can reach 71.4%-99.6%.

Electrocoagulation efficiency probed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

In order to treat the polluted discharge from El-Jadida,Morocco,a method of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes was used.This approach was coupled for the first time with high-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Significant pollutant abatementwas observed after 30 min,at a current density of 190.5 A·m^(-2),with a specific electrical energy consumption of 1.58 kW·h(per gram of eliminated carbon organic demand(COD))and specific aluminum consumption of 0.11 g·g^(-1):electrocoagulation proved to be particularly effective,achieving 85.7%elimination of COD and a decrease of total dissolved solid(TDS)and electrical conductivity(EC)levels from 2430 mg·L^(-1)to 1773 mg·L^(-1)and from 4230μS·cm^(-1)to 3210μS·cm^(-1),respectively.As for USP and ORP,they decreased from 2.5 to 1.87 and from 244.6 mV to 51 mV,respectively.The inductance of the electrocoagulation system measured by EIS was modeled through an electrical equivalent circuit.When the applied intensity increased,the coagulation resistance increased suddenly when the applied electrical current reached 0.2 A(current density:95.2 A·m^(-2)).At this point,the rate of COD abatement versus SEEC(specific electrical energy consumption decreases which shows that the EC process should be combined with another process to improve its efficiency,such as ultrasound.

Defining Cities by Water: Addressing Capital Misallocation in a Race to Conserve Resources

As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.

Carbon Abatement Cost-Sharing Strategy for Electric Power Sector Based on Incentive and Subsidy Mechanisms

The green and low carbon transition and development of the electricity industry is the most crucial task in realizing the“dual-carbon target”,and it is urgent to explore the incentive and subsidy mechanism to promote green electricity consumption and the cost-sharing strategy of carbon reduction,to alleviate the pressure of carbon abatement cost of each subject of the electricity supply chain.Against this background,this paper takes into account the low-carbon subsidies provided by the government and the incentive subsidies for users,and studies the optimal decision-making of each subject in the electricity supply chain,so that each of them can obtain the optimal profit and achieve carbon emission reduction at the same time.Firstly,taking into account the direct power purchase mode of large users and the electricity-selling companies emerging after the reform of the power sales side,we have established a cooperative mechanism for sharing the cost of carbon emission reduction in the electricity supply chain and clarified the relationship between the supply and demand of electricity among the main parties.Subsequently,considering government low-carbon subsidies and user incentive subsidies,the optimal decisionmaking model is established under two scenarios of decentralized and centralized cooperative games in the supply chain,respectively,with the objective of maximizing profits and carbon reduction rates.Solving for the optimal proportion of carbon abatement costs shared by each participant in the electricity supply chain in achieving game equilibrium.Finally,we analyze the role of the government’s low-carbon subsidies,users’incentive subsidies,and other factors on the profit and carbon reduction effect of the electricity industry through the example analysis and further analyze the impact of carbon abatement cost-sharing measures to provide recommendations for the electricity industry to realize low-carbon abatement and make decisions.

ABAT基因多态性对癫痫患儿丙戊酸钠血药浓度的影响

目的观察ABAT基因多态性对癫痫患儿丙戊酸钠血药浓度的影响。方法收集癫痫患儿80例,单用丙戊酸钠10~30 mg/kg治疗5个半衰期(约100 h)后达到稳态;取外周静脉血,采用荧光偏振免疫法测定丙戊酸钠血药浓度,用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性计数分析ABAT(rs1731017、rs1641022)基因多态性,比较不同基因型对丙戊酸钠血药浓度的影响,用多元线性回归分析影响丙戊酸钠血药浓度的因素。结果 80例患者中,ABAT rs1731017位点AA、GG、GA基因型分别为23、23、34例,ABAT rs1641022位点CC、AA、CA基因型分别为11、27、42例。血药浓度为(48.15±20.99)μg/m L,其中ABAT rs1731017位点AA基因型为(36.41±20.12)μg/m L,低于GG基因型患儿的(53.26±22.99)μg/m L(P<0.05),ABAT rs1641022各基因型患儿血药浓度均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,患儿体质量及ABAT rs1731017A/G多态性是影响丙戊酸钠血药浓度的独立因素。结论 ABAT rs1731017基因多态性对丙戊酸钠的血药浓度存在影响,对AA基因型癫痫患儿可适当增加药物的剂量。

1%ABATE颗粒剂杀灭蚊幼虫现场试验研究

目的 评价1%ABATE颗粒剂对蚊幼虫的杀灭效果。方法 直接投药法(按每平方面积计算投药克数)。结果1%ABATE颗粒剂在现场按0．75g/m2使用药量,对杀灭容器积水伊蚊幼虫持效可达 14d以上;按3.5g/m2使用药量,对杀灭污水池库蚊幼虫持效可达14d以上;按3.5g/m2使用药量,对杀灭污水沟库蚊幼虫持效可达7d。结论 该产品对蚊虫孳生地有良好的控制效果,值得推广应用。

ABATE颗粒剂杀灭蚊幼虫持效观察

目的 :测定ABATE颗粒剂在室内不同水质中 3种浓度对淡色库蚊幼虫杀灭效果。方法 :浸液法。结果 :在清水中按 1g/m2 给 1%ABATE颗粒剂 ,杀死蚊幼虫 10 0 %的持效时间为 90d ;同剂量下在灌溉水中为 6 0d ;在 2 0 %泥浆水中按 2 g/m2 投放颗粒剂 ,杀死蚊幼虫 10 0 %的持效时间为 2 1d。结论 :该药剂对蚊幼虫杀灭效果好 ,持效时间长 ,使用浓度低。

Adaptive Volterra series model for nonlinear sensor compensation

A novel performance enhancement method of nonlinear sensor based on the Volterra series model is proposed. The Volterra series model, which is considered a nonlinear filter that can reduce sensor noise, presents an effective way for modeling and compensating a nonlinear sensor. In the experiment, the low accuracy pressure sensor MPX10 was used as the actual object, and higher accuracy sensor MPX2010 was used as the reference to provide the necessary teaching data for training the Volterra model. The simulation shows that the accuracy of MPX10 changes from 0.354-0.420 to 0.041-0.053 after the Volterra filter is applied. Obviously this scheme can effectively improve the sensor performance. Moreover, the scheme provides greater accuracy and environmental suitability for a nonlinear sensor.

ABAT基因在人类疾病中的研究进展

ABAT基因是γ-氨基丁酸(γ-amino butyric acid,GABA)分解过程中关键酶γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶(γ-amino butyric acid transaminase,GABAT)的编码基因,不仅参与神经递质的代谢,而且对其他组织中的物质合成、细胞功能的发挥也起着不可或缺的作用。ABAT基因还参与许多疾病的发生和发展,包括精神系统、消化系统以及肿瘤性疾病。本文主要对ABAT基因在人类疾病中的研究进展作一综述。

Co-controlling CO2 and NOx emission in China's cement industry:An optimal development pathway study

It is of important practical significance to reduce NOx emission and CO2 emission in China's cement industry.This paper firstly identifies key factors that influence China's future cement demand,and then uses the Gompertz model to project China's future cement demand and production.Furthermore,the multi-pollutant abatement planning model(MAP)was developed based on the TIMES model to analyze the co-benefits of CO2 and NOx control in China's cement industry.During modeling analysis,three scenarios such as basic as usual scenario(BAU),moderately low carbon scenario(MLC),and radically low carbon scenario(RLC),were built according to different policy constraints and emission control goals.Moreover,the benefits of co-controlling NOx and CO2 emission in China's cement industry have been estimated.Finally,this paper proposes a cost-efficient,green,and low carbon development roadmap for the Chinese cement sector,and puts forwards countermeasures as follows:first,different ministries should enhance communication and coordination about how to promote the co-control of NOx and CO2 in cement industry.Second,co-control technology list should be issued timely for cement industry,and the R&D investment on new technologies and demonstration projects should be increased.Third,the phase-out of old cement capacity needs to be continued at policy level.Fourth,it is important to scientifically evaluate the relevant environmental impact and adverse motivation of ammonia production by NOx removal requirement in cement industry.

Research on mine dustfall agents based on the mechanism of wetting and coagulation

Mine dust is classified as one of five natural coal mining disasters because it can harm the health of miners and poses a serious threat to the safety of the coal mine. Therefore, preparation of an effective dust suppression agent is highly desired. To improve the capture efficiency of fine dust, this study examines the dust suppression effects of various combinations of wetting agents, additives, and coagulation agents by using the optimum seeking method to reduce mine dust, particularly respirable particles. The optimal formula is shown to contain 10wt% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether（JFC）, 4.96wt% cationic polyacrylamide, and 4wt% calcium chloride. The dust suppression effect can be achieved at 96.1% in 5 min by using the optimal formula.

Effect analysis of carbon trading on Economy-Energy-Environment system and calculation of reasonable carbon price intervals

This paper constructs a 4-lier computable general equilibrium model which includes such modules as modeling carbon emission constraints and carbon trading(CT),and incorporates the cost of carbon emissions into constant elasticity of substitute production function.Under scenario settings under different carbon abatement targets,based on 2007 national social accounting matrix and related statistical data about energy consumption and carbon emission,effects on economic outputs,energy consumption,and carbon abatement are estimated and analyzed at both macro and sector level.By calculating selected novel indicators that compromise between macroeconomic opportunity cost and achievable carbon abatement,reasonable carbon price intervals are given for enhancing the robustness and liquidity of carbon market.Further,by decomposition and share-weighted methods,expected carbon abatement and energy price are measured and analyzed in details.Some results are meaningful for fundamental design of the future carbon market.Given constant energy utilization and carbon abatement technologies at the macro level,the higher the carbon price the more actual carbon abatement;the more gross domestic product loss,the less energy consumption.Accwding to the overall situation estimated for 2007 in China,the advice given is to introduce a carbon abatement target rate(R_c)of-10%,which is helpful to make carbon market stable against unexpected carbon price shocks between[6.9,35]/tC with less economic loss.According to Kaya decomposition,after introduction of carbon pricing,carbon abatement is mainly contributed by the effects of energy intensity(EI)and technical progress.Further,CT may help reduce energy consumption and induce transformation to a low-carbon energy structure.At the sector level,the introduction of CT could induce economic recession in all sectors,especially energy.However,the overall economic structure remains unchanged to some extent.CT will help reduce energy consumption in all sectors,especially energy.Overall utilization costs of the energy composite can be divided in two,market price and carbonrelated costs.Carbon-related costs mainly contribute to variation in the utilization cos of the energy composite;carbon pricing may help non-energy sectors achieve sufficient carbon abatement by pushing up energy utilization cost.However,despite achievable carbon abatement by the energy sector being relatively high,induced by carbon pricing,there is still significant potential for other incentive policies to stimulate further abatement,such as energy resources taxation and transportation fuel taxation,especially in the sectors of coal and transportation.Finally,some advice is proposed in regard to policy decisions and further research.

催化等离子体反应器中低浓度硝基苯的消除(英文)

Oxidative decomposition of dilute nitrobenzene in air was carried out in a catalytic plasma reactor with an inner electrode made of sintered metal fibres(SMF)that also acted as catalyst.The parameters of the concentration,specific input energy,and gas residence time were optimized.The modification of the SMF inner electrode with transition metal oxides like MnOx and CoOx oxides promoted complete oxidation,especially at low input energy.CoOx/SMF showed higher activity than MnOx/SMF and SMF,and could oxidise completely 100 ppm of nitrobenzene at 300 J/L.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Air Pollution Abatement Policy of Hong Kong

As only about 15% of the total time of people in Hong Kong was spent outdoors, it would be more valuable if the associated effectiveness and impact of the recently proposed abatement measures could be expressed in terms of the improvement in the total exposure levels. This paper uses an exposure assessment model developed from the local microenvironment concentration data together with our surveyed time activity patterns to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed air pollution abatement policy. Prior to the enforcement of abatement measures, about 2.5% of the young group and 1.2% of the adult group having their exposure levels exceeded that defined by the current 8-hour PM10 standard (180 μg/m3). With the enforcement of abatement measures, only 0.3% of the adult group would be restored to a safe level.

Pollutant emission reduction effect through effluent tax,concentration-based effluent standard,or both

There are numerous studies comparing different kinds of environmental taxes and standards.However,forms of environmental standards focused by former researchers are usually quantitybased limits/standards(e.g.pounds per day or pounds per unit of output).Concentration-based emission standard(e.g.milligrams per liter of wastewater) as one important form of environmental standard has not been given much attention.In this article,comparable estimates of their probable effect on enterprise pollution reduction will be developed for concentrationbased effluent standards,effluent taxes,and a combination of both.A linear simulation model is used to clearly and obviously compare the effects of effluent taxes and concentration-based standards within the same figure.With one detailed application to the paper industry,some enlightenment and conclusions-as well as the general applicability of these principles-are then provided:Under the same effluent tax rate,enterprises,groups,and industries that are cleaner will reduce more pollutants than those that have higher pollutant abatement costs.It is recommended that effluent taxes are set by avoiding cutting it even at one stroke and considering the feasibility of pollution-reducing technology in various industries.It is necessary to reduce MAC of enterprises to better stimulate enterprises' or industries' emission reduction by preferential measures,such as high tax rate coordinated by speeding up the depreciation of environmental protection equipment.

Control of arsenic Pollution from waste gases during fabrication of semiconductor

The abatement technology of toxic arsenic pollution during fabrication of semiconductormaterials and devices has been studied.

GHG emission reductions and costs to achieve Kyoto target

Emission projection and marginal abatement cost curves(MACs) are the central components of any assessment of future carbon market, such as CDM (clean development mechanism) potentials, carbon quota price etc. However, they are products of very complex, dynamic systems driven by forces like population growth, economic development, resource endowments, technology progress and so on. The modeling approaches for emission projection and MACs evaluation were summarized, and some major models and their results were compared. Accordingly, reduction and cost requirements to achieve the Kyoto target were estimated. It is concluded that Annex I Parties' total reduction requirements range from 503—1304 MtC with USA participation and decrease significantly to 140—612 MtC after USA's withdrawal. Total costs vary from 21—77 BUSD with USA and from 5—36 BUSD without USA if only domestic reduction actions are taken. The costs would sharply reduce while considering the three flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol with domestic actions' share in the all mitigation strategies drops to only 0—16%.

整合调控网络分析筛选骨髓增生异常综合征ABAT基因相关长链非编码RNA SET2-1及其对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的构建具有骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndromes,MDS)特征的整合调控网络,从中筛选出调控ABAT(4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase)基因的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA),并初步探讨其在MDS中的表达和功能。方法采用甲基化芯片和全基因组表达谱基因芯片对MDS患者和对照者的骨髓标本进行差异基因筛选,将筛选出的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)、差异甲基化基因(differentially methylated genes,DEMs)、差异表达LncRNA(differentially expressed LncRNAs,DELs)进行整合分析,构建共表达调控网络,从中筛选出与ABAT基因具有相关性的LncRNA-SET2-1。采用qRT-PCR检测MDS患者和对照者骨髓标本中LncRNA-SET2-1和ABAT的表达水平,并在MDS转白细胞系SKM-1、急性白血病细胞系THP-1,以及对照细胞系HEK-293T中检测LncRNA-SET2-1的表达水平。建立稳定过表达LncRNA-SET2-1的SKM-1、THP-1细胞系,qRT-PCR检测ABAT表达变化、CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活力变化、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡变化。并在ABAT敲减的SKM-1、THP-1细胞中检测LncRNA-SET2-1表达变化。结果通过共表达调控网络分析,筛选得到LncRNA-SET2-1与ABAT的相关性最高。MDS患者及SKM-1、THP-1细胞中LncRNA-SET2-1和ABAT的表达水平均显著下调(P<0.0001)。LncRNA-SET2-1过表达后,ABAT的表达量显著上调(P<0.01),而ABAT敲减后,LncRNA-SET2-1的表达量未发生显著变化。LncRNA-SET2-1过表达后,SKM-1、THP-1细胞的增殖活力显著下降,而凋亡细胞比例显著升高。结论LncRNA-SET2-1可能为ABAT的上游调控分子。LncRNA-SET2-1在MDS患者和MDS转白细胞系中均异常低表达,具有抑制MDS转白细胞增殖活力及促进细胞凋亡的功能。

Traffic Noise Pollution： Spectra Characteristics and Windows Sound Insulation in Laboratory and Field Measurements

The traffic spectra influence on indoor noise through windows is evaluated with laboratory and field measurements. Different traffic noise spectra were registered and reproduced, simulating the outdoor traffic conditions through different windows. Spectrum adaptation terms for the recorded spectra were different from the ones obtained from the Standards, showing that Normative gives a safe evaluation of the Weighted Sound Insulation Index. In field measurements, the level abatements calculated from the Facade Acoustic Insulation Index corrected with the adaptation terms shows that the ones from the Standard do not give a good approximation, while if the level abatements is calculated using the adaptation terms from the registered spectra, a more reliable approximation is achieved. Furthermore, comparing the level abatements for two windows having both Rw equal to 41 dB, very different values were obtained at different frequencies; therefore to characterize acoustic performances of windows, sound insulation curves are also needed. The correlation between the mean difference between adaptation terms calculated from the standard and the one between abatements obtained with pink noise and the ones obtained with the registered spectra is good, but different for road traffic and trains. In both, the difference diminishes when the difference between the abatements increases.

Analytical and numerical modeling for the effects of thermal insulation in underground tunnels

The heat How generated from the infinite rock mass surrounding the underground tunnels is a major cause for the increasing cooling demands in deep mine tunnels.Insulation layers with lower thermal conductivities on tunnel walls and roof ceilings are believed to supply a thermo-barrier for heat abatement.However,it is found that no systematic theoretical investigations were made to predict and confirm the effectiveness of underground thermal insulation.Specifically,investigations on the underground insulation problems involving heat flows through the semi-infinite hot rock mass and insulation layer were not sufficient.Thus,in this paper,the thermal characteristics,accompanied with heat flow through the semi-infinite rock mass and the insulation layer,were modeled by both analytical and numerical methods with focus on underground mine tunnels.The close agreements between models have indicated that the thermal insulation applied on tunnel surfaces is able to provide promising heat abatement effects.