In this study, we consider the heat-induced withdrawal reflex caused by exposure to an electromagnetic beam. We propose a concise dose-response relation for predicting the occurrence of withdrawal reflex from a given ...In this study, we consider the heat-induced withdrawal reflex caused by exposure to an electromagnetic beam. We propose a concise dose-response relation for predicting the occurrence of withdrawal reflex from a given spatial temperature profile. Our model is distilled from sub-step components in the ADT CHEETEH-E model developed at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Our model has only two parameters: the activation temperature of nociceptors and the critical threshold on the activated volume. When the spatial temperature profile is measurable, the two parameters can be determined from test data. We connect this dose-response relation to a temperature evolution model for electromagnetic heating. The resulting composite model governs the process from the electromagnetic beam deposited on the skin to the binary outcome of subject’s reflex response. We carry out non-dimensionalization in the time evolution model. The temperature solution of the non-dimensional system is the product of the applied power density and a parameter-free function. The effects of physical parameters are contained in non-dimensional time and depth. Scaling the physical temperature distribution into a parameter-free function greatly simplifies the analytical solution, and helps to pinpoint the effects of beam spot area and applied power density. With this formulation, we study the theoretical behaviors of the system, including the time of reflex, effect of heat conduction, biological latency in observed reflex, energy consumption by the time of reflex, and the strategy of selecting test conditions in experiments for the purpose of inferring model parameters from test data.展开更多
目的利用肠易激综合征大鼠模型,观察针刺治疗慢性内脏痛敏的作用规律,为临床提供治疗的科学依据。方法采用新生幼鼠制作了IBS慢性内脏痛敏模型,观察大鼠腹部撤回反射(AWR)和腹直肌内肌电(AEMG)变化,探讨单次电针、多次电针和不同电针次...目的利用肠易激综合征大鼠模型,观察针刺治疗慢性内脏痛敏的作用规律,为临床提供治疗的科学依据。方法采用新生幼鼠制作了IBS慢性内脏痛敏模型,观察大鼠腹部撤回反射(AWR)和腹直肌内肌电(AEMG)变化,探讨单次电针、多次电针和不同电针次数对慢性内脏痛敏的治疗效应。结果成年IBS大鼠AWR评分和AEMG诱发放电均明显增强,单次电针可以明显降低AWR评分和AEMG诱发放电,维持时间至停针后90 m in;多次电针具有累加效应,隔日电针连续2次后治疗效果明显,4次后达到最大,停止电针后镇痛效应仍可以维持一段时间,维持时间随着治疗次数的增加而延长。结论电针对肠易激综合征的慢性内脏痛敏具有良好的即刻和累加治疗作用。展开更多
目的观察电针"百会"配"足三里"穴对肠易激综合征(IBS)模型大鼠内脏敏感性及其情绪心理行为的双重调节作用。方法采用母子分离加幼鼠醋酸灌肠法制备IBS大鼠模型,32只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、模型束缚组、电针组...目的观察电针"百会"配"足三里"穴对肠易激综合征(IBS)模型大鼠内脏敏感性及其情绪心理行为的双重调节作用。方法采用母子分离加幼鼠醋酸灌肠法制备IBS大鼠模型,32只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、模型束缚组、电针组(电针"百会"配"足三里"穴)。造模后,正常组、模型组不做处理,模型束缚组只捆绑束缚不治疗,电针组捆绑束缚并电针20 min,隔日1次,共5次。末次电针后对大鼠进行腹部回撤反射(AWR)及自主行为测试,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测大鼠丘脑中降钙基因相关肽(CGRP)m RNA的表达。结果电针后模型大鼠内脏敏感性降低,自主行为增多,丘脑中CGRP m RNA表达降低。结论电针"百会"配"足三里"穴能够有效改善IBS模型大鼠的慢性内脏痛及其情绪心理障碍。展开更多
目的:探讨结肠黏膜低度炎症(low grade mucosal inflammation,LGMI)对大鼠内脏感觉的影响.方法:健康♂SD大鼠40只,随机分为LGMI组和对照组(n=20).LGMI组大鼠给予15g/L葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)饮用7d,然后饮用蒸馏水7d,对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水....目的:探讨结肠黏膜低度炎症(low grade mucosal inflammation,LGMI)对大鼠内脏感觉的影响.方法:健康♂SD大鼠40只,随机分为LGMI组和对照组(n=20).LGMI组大鼠给予15g/L葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)饮用7d,然后饮用蒸馏水7d,对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水.第14天进行气囊扩张大鼠腹部回缩反射(AWR)评分和腹壁肌电测定;实验结束后取结肠组织作常规病理学检查;免疫组织化学染色观察腰膨大部脊髓c-Fos、P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)表达变化.结果:LGMI组大鼠结肠黏膜炎症评分为1.56±0.78分,对照组为0.46±0.54分,2组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.003).当结肠气囊压力为20mmHg时,2组大鼠的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值差异均无统计学意义;当气囊压力为40、60、80mmHg时,LGMI组的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值明显高于对照组(均P<0.05).LGMI组大鼠腰骶段脊髓c-Fos、SP、CGRP的平均吸光度值均高于对照组(165.26±10.12 vs 126.52±11.48,134.28±10.62 vs 120.82±8.92,157.66±6.25 vs 118.67±5.68,均P<0.01).结论:LGMI触发了内脏感觉过敏,可能在IBS的发病中起重要作用.展开更多
目的为腹壁撤退反射实验优选出恰当的制备气囊的材料。方法分别通过数显游标卡尺及X光图像对不同气囊在不同压力值下的直径进行测量;并采用3分疼痛阈值作为判断标准,测试不同气囊对大鼠造成明显内脏疼痛时所对应的压力值。结果圆形乳胶...目的为腹壁撤退反射实验优选出恰当的制备气囊的材料。方法分别通过数显游标卡尺及X光图像对不同气囊在不同压力值下的直径进行测量;并采用3分疼痛阈值作为判断标准,测试不同气囊对大鼠造成明显内脏疼痛时所对应的压力值。结果圆形乳胶气球的直径随压力值增加变化均匀和缓,并且可以满足实验中常用的压力范围(20~80 mm Hg),其对大鼠造成内脏疼痛的阈值在伤害性刺激值附近,不会对大鼠肠道造成不可逆的损伤。结论腹壁撤退反射实验中使用圆形乳胶气球制备气囊较为理想。展开更多
文摘In this study, we consider the heat-induced withdrawal reflex caused by exposure to an electromagnetic beam. We propose a concise dose-response relation for predicting the occurrence of withdrawal reflex from a given spatial temperature profile. Our model is distilled from sub-step components in the ADT CHEETEH-E model developed at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Our model has only two parameters: the activation temperature of nociceptors and the critical threshold on the activated volume. When the spatial temperature profile is measurable, the two parameters can be determined from test data. We connect this dose-response relation to a temperature evolution model for electromagnetic heating. The resulting composite model governs the process from the electromagnetic beam deposited on the skin to the binary outcome of subject’s reflex response. We carry out non-dimensionalization in the time evolution model. The temperature solution of the non-dimensional system is the product of the applied power density and a parameter-free function. The effects of physical parameters are contained in non-dimensional time and depth. Scaling the physical temperature distribution into a parameter-free function greatly simplifies the analytical solution, and helps to pinpoint the effects of beam spot area and applied power density. With this formulation, we study the theoretical behaviors of the system, including the time of reflex, effect of heat conduction, biological latency in observed reflex, energy consumption by the time of reflex, and the strategy of selecting test conditions in experiments for the purpose of inferring model parameters from test data.
文摘目的利用肠易激综合征大鼠模型,观察针刺治疗慢性内脏痛敏的作用规律,为临床提供治疗的科学依据。方法采用新生幼鼠制作了IBS慢性内脏痛敏模型,观察大鼠腹部撤回反射(AWR)和腹直肌内肌电(AEMG)变化,探讨单次电针、多次电针和不同电针次数对慢性内脏痛敏的治疗效应。结果成年IBS大鼠AWR评分和AEMG诱发放电均明显增强,单次电针可以明显降低AWR评分和AEMG诱发放电,维持时间至停针后90 m in;多次电针具有累加效应,隔日电针连续2次后治疗效果明显,4次后达到最大,停止电针后镇痛效应仍可以维持一段时间,维持时间随着治疗次数的增加而延长。结论电针对肠易激综合征的慢性内脏痛敏具有良好的即刻和累加治疗作用。
文摘目的观察电针"百会"配"足三里"穴对肠易激综合征(IBS)模型大鼠内脏敏感性及其情绪心理行为的双重调节作用。方法采用母子分离加幼鼠醋酸灌肠法制备IBS大鼠模型,32只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、模型束缚组、电针组(电针"百会"配"足三里"穴)。造模后,正常组、模型组不做处理,模型束缚组只捆绑束缚不治疗,电针组捆绑束缚并电针20 min,隔日1次,共5次。末次电针后对大鼠进行腹部回撤反射(AWR)及自主行为测试,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测大鼠丘脑中降钙基因相关肽(CGRP)m RNA的表达。结果电针后模型大鼠内脏敏感性降低,自主行为增多,丘脑中CGRP m RNA表达降低。结论电针"百会"配"足三里"穴能够有效改善IBS模型大鼠的慢性内脏痛及其情绪心理障碍。
文摘目的:探讨结肠黏膜低度炎症(low grade mucosal inflammation,LGMI)对大鼠内脏感觉的影响.方法:健康♂SD大鼠40只,随机分为LGMI组和对照组(n=20).LGMI组大鼠给予15g/L葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)饮用7d,然后饮用蒸馏水7d,对照组大鼠饮用蒸馏水.第14天进行气囊扩张大鼠腹部回缩反射(AWR)评分和腹壁肌电测定;实验结束后取结肠组织作常规病理学检查;免疫组织化学染色观察腰膨大部脊髓c-Fos、P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)表达变化.结果:LGMI组大鼠结肠黏膜炎症评分为1.56±0.78分,对照组为0.46±0.54分,2组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.003).当结肠气囊压力为20mmHg时,2组大鼠的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值差异均无统计学意义;当气囊压力为40、60、80mmHg时,LGMI组的AWR评分和腹壁肌电幅值明显高于对照组(均P<0.05).LGMI组大鼠腰骶段脊髓c-Fos、SP、CGRP的平均吸光度值均高于对照组(165.26±10.12 vs 126.52±11.48,134.28±10.62 vs 120.82±8.92,157.66±6.25 vs 118.67±5.68,均P<0.01).结论:LGMI触发了内脏感觉过敏,可能在IBS的发病中起重要作用.
文摘目的为腹壁撤退反射实验优选出恰当的制备气囊的材料。方法分别通过数显游标卡尺及X光图像对不同气囊在不同压力值下的直径进行测量;并采用3分疼痛阈值作为判断标准,测试不同气囊对大鼠造成明显内脏疼痛时所对应的压力值。结果圆形乳胶气球的直径随压力值增加变化均匀和缓,并且可以满足实验中常用的压力范围(20~80 mm Hg),其对大鼠造成内脏疼痛的阈值在伤害性刺激值附近,不会对大鼠肠道造成不可逆的损伤。结论腹壁撤退反射实验中使用圆形乳胶气球制备气囊较为理想。
