High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

金融机构ESG投资的“漂绿”与“反漂绿”——基于DWSGroup的案例分析

深化绿色金融发展、助力经济绿色发展,是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,特别是在ESG理念盛行的今天,金融机构的ESG投资行为因其深远影响而颇受投资者青睐,但层出不穷的“漂绿”现象也牢牢制约着绿色金融的发展,制约着ESG投资的发展。西方国家作为绿色金融发展先驱,从信息披露、制度监管、实践探索等方面对“漂绿”现象进行了研究和治理。本文在学习其先进经验的基础上,基于舞弊三角理论对DWSGroup案例进行分析,从压力、机会和自我合理化因素角度对金融机构ESG投资“漂绿”行为的动因进行分析,并据此提出我国“反漂绿”体系框架,以期为绿色金融的平稳发展和“双碳”目标的实现作出贡献。

Finite Abelian Group of | A(G) |= 27pq

we have discussed structures of Abelian group G by order |A(G) |of automoorphism group and have obtained all types of finite Abelian grooup G when the order of A(G) equals 27pq(p,q are odd primmes).

THE SYSTEMS WITH ALMOST BANACH-MEAN EQUICONTINUITY FOR ABELIAN GROUP ACTIONS

In this paper,we present the concept of Banach-mean equicontinuity and prove that the Banach-,Weyl-and Besicovitch-mean equicontinuities of a dynamic system of Abelian group action are equivalent.Furthermore,we obtain that the topological entropy of a transitive,almost Banach-mean equicontinuous dynamical system of Abelian group action is zero.As an application of our main result,we show that the topological entropy of the Banach-mean equicontinuous system under the action of an Abelian groups is zero.

A Characterization of Metahomomorphisms on Abelian Groups

In this paper, a characterization of metahomomorphisms on Abelian groups is given.

Canonical Differential Calculi for Finitely Generated Abelian Groups and Their Fermionic Representations

Canonical differential calculi are defined for finitely generated Abelian groups with involutions existing consistently. Two such the canonical calculi are presented. Fermionic representations for canonical calculi are defined based on quantized calculi. Fermionic representations for aforementioned two canonical calculi are searched out.

Dynamical Properties of Additive Cellular Automata over Finite Abelian Groups

Some dynamical properties were discussed for additive cellular automata(CA)over finite abelian groups.These properties include surjection,ergodicity,sensitivity to initial conditions and positive expansivity.Some necessary and sufficient conditions of determining ergodicity and sensitivity of the above additive CA were presented,respectively.A necessary condition for the positive expansivity of the above additive CA was given.The positive expansivity was proved to be preserved under the shift mappings for the general CA.The discussion was mainly based on the structure theorem of the finite abelian groups and the matrix associated with the global rule of the additive CA over the finite abelian p-groups.

CALCULATION OF THE GIBBS DERIVATIVES ON FINITE ABELIAN GROUPS THROUGH THE DECISION DIAGRAMS

Paper considers the calculation of the values of Gibbs derivatives on finite Abelian groups. The calculation procedure is based upon the decision diagram representation of functions defined on finite Abelian groups. Approach permits processing of large functions.

Splitting Extensions of Abelian by Hyper-(cyclic or finite) Groups (Ⅱ)

Let F be a locally defined formation consisting of locally solvable groups, G a hyper-（ cyclic or finite） locally solvable group and A a noetherian ZG-module with all irreducible ZG-factors being finite. The following conclusion is obtained： if G∈F, f（ ∞ ） include f（p）, f（p） ≠φ for each p∈π, and A has no nonzero F central ZG- images, then any extension E of A by G splits conjugately over A, and A has no nonzero F central ZG-factors.

Non-Full Rank Factorization of Finite Abelian Groups

Tilings of p-groups are closely associated with error-correcting codes. In [1], M. Dinitz, attempting to generalize full-rank tilings of ?Zn2??to arbitrary finite abelian groups, was able to show that if p ≥5, then?Znp? admits full-rank tiling and left the case p=3, as an open question. The result proved in this paper the settles of the question for the case p=3.

An Application of Cyclotomic Polynomial to Factorization of Abelian Groups

If a finite abelian group G is a direct product of its subsets such that G = A1···Ai···An, G is said to have the Hajos-n-proprty if it follows that one of these subsets, say Ai is periodic, meaning that there exists a nonidentity element g in G such that gAi = Ai . Using some properties of cyclotomic polynomials, we will show that the cyclic groups of orders pα and groups of type (p2,q2) and (pα,pβ) where p and q are distinct primes and α, β integers ≥ 1 have this property.

AN HARMONIC ANALYSIS FOR OPERATORS IN THE CASE OF A LOCALLY COMPACT ABELIAN GROUP：F．AND M．RIESZ THEOREMS

Let G be a locally compact Abelian group, B a homogeneous Banach algebra without the order on G. at denotes the set of all integrable operators with respect to right translation on B(see [2]). Under some convenient conditions we obtain the following results:both the first F. and M. Riesz Theorem for operators in and the second F. and M. Riesz Theorem for operators in hold.

FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF CLOSED POSITIVELY CURVED MANIFOLDS WITH ALMOST DISCRETE ABELIAN GROUP ACTIONS

Let M be a closed n-manifold of positive sectional curvature. Assume that M admits an effective isometrical T1× Zpk-action with p prime. The main result of the article n＋1 for n 〉 5, then there exists a positive constant p（n）, is that ifk=lforn=3or k〉 n＋1/4 for n≥5,then there exists a positive constant p（n）,depending only on n, such that π1 （M） is cyclic if p ≥ p（n）.

On the Structure of the Augmentation Quotient Group for Some Non-abelian p-groups

In this paper, we study the basis of augmentation ideals and the quotient groups of finite non-abelian p-group which has a cyclic subgroup of index p, where p is an odd prime, and k is greater than or equal to 3. A concrete basis for the augmentation ideal is obtained and then the structure of its quotient groups can be determined.

The Structure of One Type of Non-Abelian Group

By the property of the solvable group and the extending theorem of group, the authors acquired the structure of one type of Non-Abelian group. And we proved that when order is 10p n (p#2,5) and the sylowp-subgroup is cyclic, the group has twenty types. Whenp#3, it has 12 types and whenp=3, it has 8 types.

Index-<i>p</i>Abelianization Data of <i>p</i>-Class Tower Groups

Given a fixed prime number p, the multiplet of abelian type invariants of the p-class groups of all unramified cyclic degree p extensions of a number field K is called its IPAD (index-p abeliani- zation data). These invariants have proved to be a valuable information for determining the Galois group of the second Hilbert p-class field and the p-capitulation type of K. For p=3 and a number field K with elementary p-class group of rank two, all possible IPADs are given in the complete form of several infinite sequences. Iterated IPADs of second order are used to identify the group of the maximal unramified pro-p extension of K.

New infinite-dimensional symmetry groups for the stationary axisymmetric Einstein-Maxwell equations with multiple Abelian gauge fields

The so-called extended hyperbolic complex （EHC） function method is used to study further the stationary axisymmetric Einstein Maxwell theory with p Abelian gauge fields （EM-p theory, for short）, Two EHC structural Riemann- Hilbert （RH） transformations are constructed and are then shown to give an infinite-dimensional symmetry group of the EM-p theory. This symmetry group is verified to have the structure of semidirect product of Kac-Moody group SU（p ＋ 1, 1） and Virasoro group. Moreover, the infinitesimal forms of these two RH transformations are calculated and found to give exactly the same infinitesimal transformations as in previous author＇s paper by a different scheme, This demonstrates that the results obtained in the present paper provide some exponentiations of all the infinitesimal symmetry transformations obtained before.

Combined Promoting Effects of Specific Organic Functional Groups and Alumina Surface Characteristics for the Design of a Highly Efficient NiMo/Al_(2)O_(3) Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst

To prepare a highly efficient NiMo/Al_(2)O_(3) hydrodesulfurization catalyst,the combined effects of specific organic functional groups and alumina surface characteristics were investigated.First,the correlation between the surface characteristics of four different alumina and the existing Mo species states was established.It was found that the Mo equilibrium adsorption capacity can be used as a specific descriptor to quantitatively evaluate the changes in surface characteristics of different alumina.A lower Mo equilibrium adsorption capacity for alumina means weaker metal-support interaction and the loaded Mo species are easier to transform into MoS2.However,the Mo-O-Al bonds still exist at the metal-support interface.The introduction of cationic surfactant hecadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB)can further improve Mo species dispersion through electrostatic attraction with Mo anions and interaction of its alkyl chain with the alumina surface;meanwhile,the introduction of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)can complex with Ni ions to enhance the Ni-promoting effect on Mo.Therefore,the NiMo catalyst designed using alumina with lower Mo equilibrium adsorption capacity and the simultaneous addition of EDTA and CTAB exhibits the highest hydrodesulfurization activity for 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene because of its proper metal-support interaction and more well-dispersed Ni-Mo-S active phases.

Maximal Above and Below Pairs of Abelian Fully Ordered Groups

In this paper, maximal above and below pairs of fully ordered groups (o groups) are studied. It is shown that maximal above and below pairs of an divisible abelian o group have some specific properties, and by using these properties another embedding method of an abelian o group to real valued functions is discussed.

Channel Correlation Based User Grouping Algorithm for Nonlinear Precoding Satellite Communication System

Low Earth Orbit(LEO)multibeam satellites will be widely used in the next generation of satellite communication systems,whose inter-beam interference will inevitably limit the performance of the whole system.Nonlinear precoding such as Tomlinson-Harashima precoding(THP)algorithm has been proved to be a promising technology to solve this problem,which has smaller noise amplification effect compared with linear precoding.However,the similarity of different user channels(defined as channel correlation)will degrade the performance of THP algorithm.In this paper,we qualitatively analyze the inter-beam interference in the whole process of LEO satellite over a specific coverage area,and the impact of channel correlation on Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)of receivers when THP is applied.One user grouping algorithm is proposed based on the analysis of channel correlation,which could decrease the number of users with high channel correlation in each precoding group,thus improve the performance of THP.Furthermore,our algorithm is designed under the premise of co-frequency deployment and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),which leads to more users under severe inter-beam interference compared to the existing research on geostationary orbit satellites broadcasting systems.Simulation results show that the proposed user grouping algorithm possesses higher channel capacity and better bit error rate(BER)performance in high SNR conditions relative to existing works.