Potential and application of abortive transcripts as a novel molecular marker of cancers

Abortive transcript(AT)is a 2-19 nt long non-coding RNA that is produced in the abortive initiation stage.Abortive initiation was found to be closely related to RNA polymerase through in vitro experiments.Therefore,the distribution of AT length and the scale of abortive initiation are correlated to the promoter,discriminator,and transcription initiation sequence,and can be affected by transcription elongation factors.AT plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various diseases.Here we summarize the discovery of AT,the factors responsible for AT formation,the detection methods and biological functions of AT,to provide new clues for finding potential targets in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

Abortive Process of a Novel Rapeseed Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line Derived from Somatic Hybrids Between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba

Somatic hybridization is performed to obtain significant cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） lines, whose CMS genes are derived either from the transfer of sterile genes from the mitochondrial genome of donor parent to the counterpart of receptor or production of new sterile genes caused by mitochondrial genome recombination of the biparent during protoplast fusion. In this study, a novel male sterile line, SaNa-IA, was obtained from the somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Sinapis alba. The normal anther development of the maintainer line, SaNa-IB, and the abortive process of SaNa-IA were described through phenotypic observations and microtome sections. The floral organ of the sterile line SaNa-IA was sterile with a shortened filament and deflated anther. No detectable pollen grains were found on the surface of the sterile anthers. Semi-thin sections indicated that SaNa-IA aborted in the pollen mother cell （PMC） stage when vacuolization of the tapetum and PMCs began. The tapetum radically elongated and became highly vacuolated, occupying the entire locule together with the vacuolated microspores. Therefore, SaNa-IA is different from other CMS lines, such as ogu CMS, pol CMS and nap CMS as shown by the abortive process of the anther.

Structural variations of a new fertility restorer gene,Rf20,underlie the restoration of wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility in rice

The discovery of a wild abortive-type(WA)cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)line and breeding its restorer line have led to the commercialization of three-line hybrid rice,contributing considerably to global food security.However,the molecular mechanisms underlyingfertility abortion and the restoration of CMs-WA lines remain largely elusive.In this study,we cloned a restorer gene,Rf2o,following a genome-wide association study analysis of the core parent lines of three-line hybrid rice.We found that Rf20 was present in all core parental lines,but different haplotypes and structural variants of its gene resulted in differences in Rf2o expression levels between sterileand restored lines.Rf20 could restorepollen fertility in the CMS-WA line and was found to be responsible for fertility restoration in some CMs lines under high temperatures.In addition,we found that Rf20 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein that competes with WA352 for binding with COX11.This interaction enhances Cox11's function as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species,which in turn restores pollenfertility.Collectively,ourstudysuggestsanewactionmodeforpentatricopeptide repeatproteins inthe fertilityrestorationofCMs lines,providing an essential theoretical basisforbreedingrobustrestorer lines and for overcoming high temperature-induced fertility recovery of some CMS lines.

MiR-142-3p Regulates ILC1s by Targeting HMGB1 via the NF-κB Pathway in a Mouse Model of Early Pregnancy Loss

Objective Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are a class of newly discovered immunocytes.Group 1 ILCs(ILC1s)are identified in the decidua of humans and mice.High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is predicted to be one of the target genes of miR-142-3p,which is closely related to pregnancy-related diseases.Furthermore,miR-142-3p and HMGB1 are involved in regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.This study aimed to examine the regulatory effect of miR-142-3p on ILC1s and the underlying mechanism involving HMGB1 and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Mouse models of normal pregnancy and abortion were constructed,and the alterations of ILC1s,miR-142-3p,ILC1 transcription factor(T-bet),and pro-inflammatory cytokines of ILC1s(TNF-α,IFN-γand IL-2)were detected in mice from different groups.The targeting regulation of HMGB1 by miR-142-3p in ILC1s,and the expression of HMGB1 in normal pregnant mice and abortive mice were investigated.In addition,the regulatory effects of miR-142-3p and HMGB1 on ILC1s were detected in vitro by CCK-8,Annexin-V/PI,ELISA,and RT-PCR,respectively.Furthermore,changes of the NF-κB signaling pathway in ILC1s were examined in the different groups.For the in vivo studies,miR-142-3p-Agomir was injected in the uterus of abortive mice to evaluate the abortion rate and alterations of ILC1s at the maternal-fetal interface,and further detect the expression of HMGB1,pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Results The number of ILC1s was significantly increased,the level of HMGB1 was significantly upregulated,and that of miR-142-3p was considerably downregulated in the abortive mice as compared with the normal pregnant mice(all P<0.05).In addition,miR-142-3p was found to drastically inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway(P<0.05).The number of ILC1s and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly downregulated and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited in the miR-142-3p Agomir group(all P<0.05).Conclusion miR-142-3p can regulate ILC1s by targeting HMGB1 via the NF-κB signaling pathway,and attenuate the inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in abortive mice.

Effect of emotion management and nursing on patients with painless induced abortion after operation

BACKGROUND With an estimated 121 million abortions following unwanted pregnancies occurring worldwide each year,many countries are now committed to protecting women’s reproductive rights.AIM To analyze the impact of emotional management and care on anxiety and contraceptive knowledge mastery in painless induced abortion(IA)patients.METHODS This study was retrospective analysis of 84 patients with IA at our hospital.According to different nursing methods,the patients were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 42 cases in each group.Degree of pain,rate of postoperative uterine relaxation,surgical bleeding volume,and postoperative bleeding volume at 1 h between the two groups of patients;nursing satisfaction;and mastery of contraceptive knowledge were analyzed.RESULTS After nursing,Self-Assessment Scale,Depression Self-Assessment Scale,and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores were 39.18±2.18,30.27±2.64,6.69±2.15,respectively,vs 45.63±2.66,38.61±2.17,13.45±2.12,respectively,with the observation group being lower than the control group(P<0.05).Comparing visual analog scales,the observation group was lower than the control group(4.55±0.22 vs 3.23±0.41;P<0.05).The relaxation rate of the cervix after nursing,surgical bleeding volume,and 1-h postoperative bleeding volumes were 25(59.5),31.72±2.23,and 22.41±1.23,respectively,vs 36(85.7),42.39±3.53,28.51±3.34,respec tively,for the observation group compared to the control group.The observation group had a better nursing situation(P<0.05),and higher nursing satisfaction and contraceptive knowledge mastery scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The application of emotional management in postoperative care of IA has an ideal effect.

Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Study of Ciprofol and Propofol in Patients with Painless Artificial Abortion

Background and Objectives: Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic for painless artificial abortion, but the injection pain and related adverse reactions such as those related to respiration and circulation it induces have also been criticized. We aimed to conduct a comparative study on the efficacy, safety and comfort of ciprofol and propofol applied in painless artificial abortion. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 early pregnant patients undergoing painless induced abortion were selected and randomly divided into the ciprofol combined with fentanyl group (Group C) and the propofol combined with fentanyl group (Group P), with 70 cases in each group. The anesthetic effect, depth of anesthesia sedation (NI), onset time, recovery time, recovery time of orientation, retention time in the anesthesia recovery room and total amount of intravenous anesthetic drug were recorded in both groups. The respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) at different time points were recorded. The occurrence of perioperative adverse events, injection pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and dizziness were compared. The pain score at 30 minutes after operation and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons with anesthesia were evaluated. Results: The success rate of anesthesia in both groups was 100%. There were no statistically significant differences in the NI value at each time point, intraoperative body movement, recovery time, recovery time of orientation, retention time in the anesthesia recovery room, and total dosage of sedative drugs (ml) between the two groups;the onset time in Group C was longer than that in Group P, with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: The efficacy of ciprofol in painless induced abortion is equivalent to that of propofol, and the incidence of adverse reactions is lower than that of propofol, with higher safety and comfort.

Prevalence of Induced Abortion among Female Students in Selected Tertiary Learning Institutions in Gaborone City, Botswana

Induced abortion signifies that pregnancy has been tempered with. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus weighing less than 500 grams from its mother. It can either be spontaneous (unprompted) or induced. Abortion remains one of the leading causes of maternal deaths in developing countries with induced abortion being the key cause. In 2014 from January to August, 9 abortion related deaths occurred in Botswana. There are several reasons female students in tertiary institutions resort to seeking induced abortion which include the socio-demographics like age and socio-economic factors like financial instability. Parental fears, unintended pregnancy and pressure from the partner also force females to terminate pregnancy. Induced abortion has claimed many women’s lives especially in developing countries with very restrictive abortion laws like Botswana as women do not access safe abortion care services. The study intends to establish the determinants of induced abortion among female students in selected tertiary learning institutions in Gaborone City, Botswana. It concentrated primarily on determining the prevalence of induced abortion. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Systematic random sampling technique was used to come up with 278 participants. Prior to commencement of data collection, all ethical and logistical prerequisites were satisfied. Informed consent was solicited from all the study participants and the purpose of the study was fully explained. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Microsoft Excel spread sheet was used to code, clean, and enter the data, which was then exported for analysis to the statistical package for social sciences version 24. Frequency distribution tables, percentages graphs, and pie charts were used to illustrate the descriptive information. The study revealed that prevalence of induced abortion among female students in Gaborone City is 7.9%. They even suggested that induced abortion be liberalized. Age was the only socio-demographic factor associated with induced abortion with p = 0.047 using Chi Square test χ2 = 7.609, df = 3. The study findings concluded that female students resort to induced abortion as a result of pressure from both parents and male partners especially when the pregnancy is unintended. The study recommends that the abortion law in Botswana be made liberal to ease access to safe abortion care services. It also recommends that contraceptive commodities should consistently be available in public health facilities.

Patterns of Infertility and Abortion in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Infertility and abortion are significant reproductive health concerns globally, impacting individuals' well-being and healthcare systems. In Saudi Arabia, cultural, social, and religious factors influence perceptions and management of these issues, necessitating research to understand the patterns and associated factors. Study Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the patterns of infertility and abortion among 458 women in Saudi Arabia, focusing on demographic profiles, reproductive histories, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors. Methodology: Participants were recruited from healthcare facilities, and data on age, BMI, reproductive history, medical conditions, assisted reproduction methods, and lifestyle behaviors were collected. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were conducted to examine associations between variables. Results: The majority of participants were aged 30 - 39 years (47.4%), with 76.9% experiencing secondary infertility. Among those with offspring (76.9%), 31% reported using assisted reproduction methods, primarily ovarian stimulators (54.2%). Abortion history was reported by 39.5% of participants. Significant associations were found between age and infertility type (X2 = 5.8, p = 0.054), having offspring and infertility type (X2 = 458.0, p = 0.001), menstrual irregularity and infertility type (X2 = 11.4, p = 0.001), and abortion history and delayed fertility (X2 = 10.4, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our study reveals significant associations between demographic, medical, and lifestyle factors with infertility patterns and abortion history among Saudi women. These findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions addressing medical conditions, age-related factors, and access to reproductive healthcare services.

The effect of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiellae on infection outcomes in animals and birds

It is often said that the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance(AMR)in pathogens is the major cause of mortality.In the present study,clinical microbiology data on infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and their antimicrobial drug resistance specifically to carbapenems retrieved from Clinical Epidemiology database of the Institute were analysed to determine the impact of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiellae isolated from the clinical samples of veterinary cases and outcome of the infection because in a few recent reports it is claimed that the presence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiellae is associated with higher mortality in humans due to Klebsiella infections.The retrospective analysis of Klebsiella infections in animals and birds revealed that 21.8%of K.pneumoniae causing pneumonic or septicemic infections were carbapenem-resistant but the carbapenem resistance was not associated with increased numbers of deaths or recovery.It may be probably due to the fact that carbapenem drugs were not used for the treatment of infected animals and carbapenem resistance may not be associated with the lethality potential of Klebsiellae.

Spontaneous Abortions in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Research and Analysis of Factors Associated at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala

Introduction: Spontaneous abortion of the second trimester is an interruption of pregnancy with complete expulsion or not of the product of conception between 15 and 28 weeks of pregnancy without any maneuvers. The objective of our study was to determine the factors associated with second trimester spontaneous abortions at Laquintinie Hospital in Douala. Methodology for this purpose: We conducted a case-control study from January to May 2019 on pregnant women who may or may not have had spontaneous second trimester abortions. Results: In total we recorded 1609 pregnancies and recruited 184 patients, including 46 cases and 138 controls;which gave a frequency of spontaneous abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy of 2.85%. A correlative analysis showed that spontaneous abortions in the second trimester were associated with housewife status (OR = 2.89;CI = 1.21 - 6.79;p = 0.010), gestation > 5 (OR = 4.09;CI = 1.02 - 17.66;p = 0.040), multiparity (OR = 3.81;CI = 1.59 - 9.16;p = 0.002), history of endouterine maneuvers (OR = 5.64;CI = 2.43 - 13 .03;p = 0.000), malaria in pregnancy (OR = 3.99;CI = 1.1 - 14.76;p = 0.030), incompleteness on the second trimester ultrasound (OR = 2.37;CI = 1.18 - 4.70;p = 0.010), jolts when traveling (OR = 46.04;CI = 17.29 - 123.66;p = 0.000), long car journeys (OR = 7.05;CI = 1.99 - 27.77;p = 0.000). After logistic regression eliminating the confounding factors, only the following were associated with abortions: Multiparity (OR = 13.90;CI = 2.96 - 65.18;p = 0.000), endo uterine maneuvers (OR = 3.69;CI = 1. 01 - 13.44;p = 0.047), jolts when traveling (OR = 72.63;CI = 19.47 - 270.96;p = 0.000), long car journeys (OR = 15.41;CI = 2.7 - 85, 95;p = 0.000). Conclusion: Our study reveals that a set of factors contribute to the occurrence of spontaneous abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy in our context.

Breeding and Application of a Japonic Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line, E-Jing A

The Chaling wild abortive type （CL-type） cytoplasmic male sterile line, E-Jing A, was characterized by stable sterility with a sterile plant percentage of 100%, a pollen sterile degree of 98% with dominated typical abortive pollens, and showed the characteristics of good outcrossing with a stigma exsertion rate of 48.2% and an outcrossing rate varied from 30% to 50%, good combining ability, and fine grain quality. E-Jing A was sensitive to temperature. Its duration from sowing to heading was 78-90 d when it was sown from mid May to early June at Wuhan. The breeding procedure of E-Jing A and its characteristics, relationship of restoring and maintaining were introduced.

针灸对原因不明复发性流产患者外周血CD4^+CD8^+T细胞的影响

复发性自然流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）是指临床上连续2次或2次以上的自然流产,是一种常见的妊娠并发症,发生率占妊娠总数的0.4%~0.8%,其中约有40%~80%临床上找不到明确病因,称为原因不明复发性流产（unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion,URSA）。URSA病因十分复杂,涉及遗传、内分泌、

免疫因素在复发性流产发病中的作用

复发性流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）是指妊娠〈28周,胎儿体质量不足1 000g,连续2次及2次以上的自然流产,在我国育龄妇女中,RSA发病率约为5%。其病因除解剖异常、感染因素、内分泌因素、染色体异常外,与免疫因素有关的约占RSA总数的50%-60%。

Relationship Between Litchi Embryo Abortion and Phenolic Inhibitors

Phenolic inhibitors were preliminarily isolated from the normal and abortive litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) ovules with a series of solvents, and then separated and purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), further isolated and identified with GC-MS, and finally checked with standards. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) was isolated and identified from litchi ovules in this experiment for the first time. Determination of its biological activity showed that p-HBA was a very strong growth inhibitory substance. In abortive ovules, p-HBA content and IAA oxidase activity were much higher; IAA content was much lower than those in normal ovules (P<0.01). It is suggested that p-HBA may be involved in the regulation of litchi embryo development; high content of p-HBA may accelerate IAA oxidation and affect the balance of growth promoting and inhibitory substances, causing embryo abortion.

CLEFIA-128算法的不可能差分密码分析

研究13轮CLEFIA-128算法,在9轮不可能差分攻击的基础上,提出一种未使用白化密钥的不可能差分密码分析方法。猜测每个密钥,筛选满足轮函数中S盒输入输出差分对的数据对。利用轮密钥之间的关系减少密钥猜测量,并使用Early Abort技术降低计算复杂度。计算结果表明,该方法的数据复杂度和时间复杂度分别为2120和2125.5。

中西医结合治疗老年性阴道炎60例

中西医结合治疗老年性阴道炎６０例曲玉华，王增文自１９８８年以来，笔者采用中西医结合治疗老年性阴道炎６０例，并与西药治疗６０例作对照观察，疗效显著，现报告如下。临床资料全部病例临床诊断均符合老年性阴道炎诊断标准（郑怀美．妇产科学．第２版．北京：人民卫生...

The Relation between Anther's Nutrient Metabolism and Pollen Abortion of Male Sterile Lines in Lycium barbarum L.

[ Objective] This study deals with the relation between anther nutrient metabolism and pollen abortion of male sterile lines in Lycium barbarum L., and provides some theoretical references for the pollen abortion mechanism of male sterile lines in Lyciurn barbarurn L.. [Method] By using semi-thin section and cytochemistry technology, the accumulation and distribution of anther nutrient of male sterile and fertile lines in Lycium barbarum L. were observed and compared. [ Result] The result showed that after meiosis, starch grains in the connective parenchyma of anther decreased sharply, and starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were also greatly decreased, while nearly no lipid accumulated in tapetal cells in male sterile lines compared with the fertile lines. The tapetal cells and tetraspore had vacuoles appear successively, and then entered the degenerate process. During the degeneration stage of tapetal cells and tetraspore, starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were still in a smell number and in the connective parenchyme as well. [ Conclusion] The decrease of polysaccharide supplying in anther vascular leads to the disorder of mechanism of glycelipid transforming in tapetal ceils, which triggers the tapetal cells degenerating ahead of time, and the latter gives rise to callus wall failing to degenerate in time. Therefore, the tetrads disintegrate and disappear ultimately due to lack of nutrition.

Study on Relation between Endogenous Phytohormones and Ovule Abortion in Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia

This study was conducted to investigate ovule abortion of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia and its reasons. It was found that in the ovule development period of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia from 15 d after coronal opening, the levels of growth-promoting endogenous hormones in abortive ovules were lower than those in normal ovules, and the level of a growth-inhibiting hormone was always higher than those in normal ovules, indicating that ovule abortion of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia might be related to abnormal endogenous phytohormones in ovules. This study laid a foundation for further study on highly sterile phenomenon of tetraploid R. pseudoacacia seeds.

负压吸宫人流术中出血相关因素分析

目的：术中出血是负压吸宫流产的主要并发症之一。我们通过单因素及多因素分析了影响术中出血的主要因素,探讨减少术中出血的措施。方法：收集我院2005年1—3月门诊行负压吸宫人流术者共94例,测量术中出血量,分析年龄、孕龄、孕次、产次、术前宫深、术后宫深、局部麻醉方式以及手术时间对术中出血量的影响。结果：单因素及多因素分析均表明术前宫深、术后宫深、手术时间、孕龄与术中出血量显著正相关(P= 0．000)。结论：术前宫深、术后宫深、手术时间、孕龄是影响负压吸宫人流术中出血量的重要因素。选择合适的手术时机．术中适当应用催产素以及加快手术速度均有助于减少术中出血。