Physics of Clocks in Absolute Space-Time

20th century physics experimentally established beyond doubt the fact that moving clocks read differently from “static” clocks. This fact is typically interpreted as support for special relativity. On the other hand, the same century produced proof that clocks at various locations in the gravitational field also read differently, and this fact is explained by general relativity, which is, in general, not Lorentz transformable. This paper establishes a common framework for the physics of clocks in these different situations.

Relativistic Absoluteness of Time-Space-Moving Mass

A new theory of time-space-mass based on a mew invariant of special relativitv.

PMSM Vector Control Optimization Based on Fractional PI^(λ) of Rotational Speed Outer Loop of Dragonfly Algorithm

Aiming at the problems of slow dynamic response and weak robustness of integer-order proportional integral(PI)controller in double closed loop vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM),a method of combining dragonfly algorithm with fractional order PI control is proposed for off-line parameter tuning for the outer loop of speed of the system.The parameter to be optimized is used as the spatial position of the optimal individual searching for food sources in the search space,and the error performance index integrated time and absolute error(ITAE)is used as its target fitness function.The motor speed regulation performances of traditional engineering experience setting integer order PI,particle swarm optimization algorithm tuning fractional order PI and dragonfly algorithm tuning fractional order PI are compared,respectively.Results show that the fractional order PI controller optimized by dragonfly algorithm can improve the dynamic response performance of the system,reduce overshoot and enhance robustness,which proves the feasibility and superiority of the optimization strategy.

Analysis and Design of Scaling Optimal GPM-PID Control with Application to Liquid Level Control

In this paper, a new analysis and design method for proportional-integrative-derivative （PID） tuning is proposed based on controller scaling analysis. Integral of time absolute error （ITAE） index is minimized for specified gain and phase margins （GPM） constraints, so that the transient performance and robustness are both satisfied. The requirements on gain and phase margins are ingeniously formulated by real part constraints （RPC） and imaginary part constraints （IPC）. This set of new constraints is simply related with three parameters and decoupling of the remaining four unknowns, including three controller parameters and the gain margin, in the nonlinear and coupled characteristic equation simultaneously. The formulas of the optimal GPM-PID are derived based on controller scaling analysis. Finally, this method is applied to liquid level control of coke fractionation tower, which demonstrate that the proposed method provides better disturbance rejection and robust tracking performance than some commonly used PID tuning methods.

Integrated Multi-stage LQR Power Oscillation Damping FACTS Controller

This paper presents an approach for oscillation damping with an integrated multi-stage linear quadratic regulator(MSLQR)FACTS controller combining power oscillation damping(POD)capabilities.The particle swarm optimization(PSO)technique has been used for precise tuning initial control parameters of power system stabilizers(PSS)and FACTS devices(such as STATCOM and UPFC)which results in improved controller performance.It is observed that the proposed control structure damps the oscillations adequately and is modular in design methodology.The sample power system comprising six areas is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed concept.The states inter-relation which is shown with eigenvalues reflects better regulation with the proposed controller.The step response also validates the controller performance.