Research on the Viscoelasticity of Polyester Mooring Lines Using the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation

The taut mooring system using synthetic fiber ropes has overcome the shortcomings such as the large self-weight of the mooring lines and provides better mooring performance for the floating structures.The polyester rope has attracted much attention among numerous synthetic fiber rope materials due to its lightweight,low price,corrosion resistance,and high strength.Thus,the mooring characteristics of it are worth studying.Polyester mooring lines are flexible in deep water,when a marine structure is moored by them,the geometric nonlinearity such as large displacement,large stretch,and large bending deformation,and the material nonlinearity like viscoelastic of the polyester ropes become complex integrated problems to be studied.Considering the nonlinear phenomenon,the simulation and calculation of a polyester line were carried out by the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)in this paper since the ANCF method has advantages in dealing with the significant deformation problems of the flexible structures.In addition,a chain mooring line was also simulated for comparison,and the results show that the polyester ropes reduce the self-weight of the mooring lines and provide sufficient mooring strength at the same time,and the nonlinear phenomenon of the polyester ropes is different from that of the chain mooring lines.

A novel absolute displacement detecting magnetic sensor

A novel magnetic grating based on calibration was proposed.Two tracks,look-up track and index track,were used to realize absolute output.Magnets of look-up track were magnetized according to N-S-N-S,and magnetic field was sensed by 6 linear Hall sensors.Three signals whose phase shift is 120° were obtained through difference,and the offset of magnetic head in a signal period could be obtained by look-up table;Magnets of index track were magnetized according to pseudorandom binary sequence.Hall sensors were used to get the absolute offset of the signal period to which the magnetic head is belonged.The magnetic grating was calibrated using a higher resolution optical grating:output of optical grating and signals from magnetic grating were sampled at the same time and transmitted to computer,the relation between them could be got and stored in MCU for looking-up.The displacement was got according to Hall signals while in working state.A magnetic grating prototype was made,and it could realize absolute detecting in 2048 mm and the resolution could achieve to 0.001 mm.Its structure is simple,cost is very low and it is suitable for mass production.

Measurement of absolute three-dimensional displacement gradients using tri-color quad-beam digital shearography

A tri-color quad-beam digital shearography is proposed to achieve the measurement of absolute three-dimensional(3D) displacement gradients.Four laser beams with three different center wavelengths are symmetrically irradiated to the object surface from the upper and lower left and right directions.Four phase maps are then extracted from the two interferograms obtained from two shots.Based on these four phase maps,the absolute 3D displacement gradients are determined.This means of absolute 3D displacement gradient measurement effectively improves the measurement capability of digital shearography and expands its application range.

Predicting lateral displacement caused by seismic liquefaction and performing parametric sensitivity analysis:Considering cumulative absolute velocity and fine content

Lateral displacement due to liquefaction(D_(H))is the most destructive effect of earthquakes in saturated loose or semi-loose sandy soil.Among all earthquake parameters,the standardized cumulative absolute velocity(CAV_(5))exhibits the largest correlation with increasing pore water pressure and liquefaction.Furthermore,the complex effect of fine content(FC)at different values has been studied and demonstrated.Nevertheless,these two contexts have not been entered into empirical and semi-empirical models to predict D_(H)This study bridges this gap by adding CAV_(5)to the data set and developing two artificial neural network(ANN)models.The first model is based on the entire range of the parameters,whereas the second model is based on the samples with FC values that are less than the 28%critical value.The results demonstrate the higher accuracy of the second model that is developed even with less data.Additionally,according to the uncertainties in the geotechnical and earthquake parameters,sensitivity analysis was performed via Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)using the second developed ANN model that exhibited higher accuracy.The results demonstrated the significant influence of the uncertainties of earthquake parameters on predicting D_(H).

Mechanical properties of rock bolt and analysis for the full-process of sliding failure based on rock mass absolute displacement

Previous studies rarely involved the mechanical properties of anchorage system under the condition of internal absolute displacement of surrounding rock and the solution of important parameters of anchorage system. In this paper, the absolute displacement law of rock mass under the anchorage system is analyzed by the fiber grating(FBG) multi-point displacement meter and multidirectional displacement conversion formula. Based on the coordinated deformation principle for rock bolt and rock mass, the mechanical analysis model for rock bolt-rock mass system is established, and the influence rules of rock bolt length, rock bolt diameter and rock bolt preload on the internal force distribution of rock bolt is studied based on the stress analysis of full-length rock bolt in a tunnel engineering.The results show that:(1) with the increase of rock bolt length, the anchoring effect gradually enhances, but the improvement degree decreases gradually;(2) with the increase of rock bolt diameter, the anchoring effect is enhanced;at the same time, however, the shear stress of rock bolt is larger, and the possibility of rock bolt sliding also increases;and(3) with the increase of preload, the increase of “anchor length” makes the anti-sliding ability of rock bolt increase correspondingly, and the supporting effect of rock bolt increases gradually. Then the full-process analysis for the mechanical mechanism of rock bolt sliding failure and the iterative calculation method for rock bolt displacement are studied. At last, the numerical simulation for pull-out test is carried out through the finite element analysis to verify the calculation results of mechanical model, and according to the iterative operation, the two important parameters such as the interface shear stiffness K and the interface peak shear strength τPare solved. The analysis show that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the mechanical model calculation. This study can provide a theoretical basis for rock bolt support technology and support structure design.

浅埋无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载确定方法

不同于常规隧道衬砌结构,无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌施作稳定后还要受到邻近后行洞开挖的二次扰动,后行洞开挖对先行洞衬砌受力的影响不可忽视。依托杨家寨公路隧道工程,基于考虑了后行洞开挖影响的隧道围岩压力计算方法,结合现场监测位移数据采用荷载-结构法进行位移反分析,提出了一种确定浅埋无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载的方法,最后和衬砌背后围岩荷载现场监测值进行对比验证。研究结果表明:后行洞开挖对先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载的影响较为显著,监测点增长幅度均值高达142%;先行洞衬砌受力呈现“拱腰较小,拱顶及拱肩较大”的分布规律,且靠近后行洞一侧拱肩位置受力最大;通过现场监测位移反分析得到的先行洞衬砌受力结果和现场监测结果较为一致,论证了该方法的合理性和实用性,研究成果可为无中导洞连拱隧道结构设计提供参考。

基于绝对位移法的曲线梁桥多维多点弹塑性随机响应分析

针对当前地震动空间效应下曲线梁桥地震反应分析多采用确定性激励输入且忽略桥梁非线性的情况,采用了多维多点非平稳随机激励对曲线连续梁桥进行弹塑性响应分析。建立非线性有限元模型并降维解耦非平稳地震动非平稳演化功率谱(energy power spectral density,EPSD)矩阵,采用绝对位移法对桥梁进行非线性时程分析。考虑不同视波速、场地条件、相干性以及平稳与非平稳地震激励,综合分析了曲线连续梁桥的随机响应及其频域特性和时域特性。结果表明,地震动空间效应和地震动的非平稳性对曲线梁桥随机响应影响很大,其中地震动空间效应对桥梁随机响应大小及其频域分布有显著影响,而非平稳性会对随机响应大小及其时变响应趋势产生重要影响。因此,在曲线连续梁桥抗震分析中需充分考虑地震动空间效应和地震动非平稳性,以避免错误估计桥梁抗震性能。提供了全面的分析结果,对加强曲线连续梁桥的抗震设计和评估,从而提高其抗震性能和可靠性具有重要意义。

基于线激光的压缩机曲轴圆度和平面度测量

目前人工使用千分表测量空调压缩机曲轴圆度和平面度时存在易伤工件表面、效率低和不能精确评定等问题。针对上述问题,设计了一套基于线激光位移传感器的空调压缩机曲轴圆度和平面度非接触式测量系统。首先,通过测量标准量棒,提出一种系统误差的标定方法;其次,基于线激光采样数据,开发了一种曲轴横截面圆度测点的提取算法,并将系统误差用于测点补偿,实现曲轴圆度测量;接着根据曲轴平面测点间的斜率分离出轮廓线,通过均匀下采样方法获取精简点云数据并采用最小二乘法实现曲轴平面度测量;最后,基于上述方法开展了曲轴圆度和平面度的测量实验。实验结果表明:该测量系统的圆度测量精度<4μm,平面度测量精度<2μm,圆度重复度测量误差<0.8μm,平面度重复度测量误差<0.3μm,满足曲轴圆度和平面度快速准确的测量需求。

齿轨铁路桥上板式无砟轨道纵向力学特性研究

为研究齿轨铁路桥上铺设CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道的纵向力学特性,基于有限元理论和混凝土塑性损伤理论,建立齿轨-无砟轨道-桥梁精细化分析模型,分析不同坡度下轨道结构应力变化和变形规律。研究结果表明:上坡侧的轨道板端位置为荷载最不利位置。可在小于150‰坡度的齿轨铁路上直接应用CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道,坡度大于150‰时轨道板产生局部损伤;整体温度变化量为15~25℃时轨道板损伤较大。轨道纵向位移增长率随坡度增加逐渐减小,底座板位移增长率最大,150‰坡度时轨道最大位移为1.6 mm左右;底座板凹槽最大压缩量为0.52 mm,为增强凹槽限位能力,可调整凹槽上、下坡侧的垫层刚度。轨道与桥面层间约束不足,为相对不稳定层面,应采取增大桥面板凿毛程度、调整预埋钢筋规格等纵向稳定措施。

基于电涡流效应的绝对式直线位移传感器误差分析及抑制方法研究

基于电涡流效应的绝对式直线位移传感器具有结构简单、分辨率高、响应速度快和抗干扰能力强的特点。相比于增量式直线位移传感器,该类型的传感器不仅不受断电的影响,还能实现更加快速和精确的绝对定位。但是,传感器制造、安装及电信号处理等环节处理不理想会产生无效电动势,带来对极内的1次、2次和4次误差。针对上述问题,使用信号补偿的方式抑制1次和2次误差,采用空间移相的方式消除感应信号中的3次谐波,以此抑制4次误差。对优化后的传感器进行误差抑制实验,验证了误差来源分析的正确性以及抑制方法的有效性。实验表明:误差抑制后的传感器节距内误差峰峰值由32μm优化为6μm,性能大幅度提升。

基于拼接技术的大量程绝对式直线时栅位移传感器自校准方法研究

针对大量程直线位移传感器扩展测量范围和实现绝对定位互相矛盾的问题,在其应用场合缺乏高效安装高精度参考器件的条件,导致难以频繁在线校准以保持其测量精度,基于拼接技术提出一种适用于直线时栅位移传感器的误差延拓自校准新方法。,将复杂的大量程绝对式测量拆分为单段栅尺上的绝对位移测量和栅尺拼接后的绝对位置判断;将绝对位置数据作为位置判断依据并构建双测头结构,实现接缝处感应信号的平滑过渡;利用原生的双测头结构获得定距测量序列,结合误差延拓法构建周期误差函数,再使用快速傅里叶变换获得测量序列幅度谱重构误差函数。为了验证上述方法的可行性和有效性,制作了单段栅尺长度为600 mm的传感器样机进行实验。结果表明,2段栅尺拼接后在量程903 mm内能够实现绝对位置测量;采用自校准方法后传感器单周期内平均误差峰值从2.00μm降至0.59μm,误差补偿效果为70.50%;大量程误差峰值从18.93μm降至0.75μm,误差补偿效果为96.04%;此外,通过校准效果对比实验证明了误差延拓自校准方法优于基于傅里叶谐波补偿的比较校准法,误差校准效果提升约76.20%。

布料包装设备中翻折机构的结构设计与运动分析

为解决中小型染整企业需要机械设备实现布料包装的问题,利用公理化设计理论,根据用户需求解析其布料包装设备中翻折机构的功能要求和结构设计要素。通过耦合设计分析提出符合独立性公理的机构设计方案。选取右侧由曲柄滑块机构与凸轮机构串联而成的六杆机构作为设计对象,利用位移矩阵法得到曲柄滑块机构尺寸,解析滑块位置与曲柄转角的关系。同时,分别选用等速运动规律和正弦加速度运动规律设计推程阶段廓线和回程廓线。此外,对翻折机构进行运动仿真得到翻折板的角位移、角速度和角加速曲线。研究表明,翻折板的运动特性满足设计要求并符合实际需求。

正交试验理论线聚焦电磁超声换能器优化设计

为提高线聚焦电磁超声换能器(LF-EMAT)的聚焦性能,通过有限元模拟进行27次八因素三水平正交试验。首先分析激励频率和焦线位置对聚焦性能的影响;然后采用正交试验方法分析永磁体宽度和高度、线圈宽度和高度、线圈匝数、最后一个线源位置、提离距离和激励电流对面内位移、面外位移、总位移的影响程度;最后选用最优参数组合建立优化后的模型并与原始模型进行比较。结果表明:在合适的范围内,激励频率越小,即线圈间距较稀疏,更有利于提高位移幅值;焦线位置小的线聚焦EMAT产生的SV波具有较好的聚焦性能和方向性;优化后电磁超声换能器涡流和洛伦兹力的瞬时最大值分别提高3.013倍和4.073倍,面内位移幅值增长为优化前的3.664倍。

Coseismic gravity and displacement changes of Japan Tohoku earthquake(Mw 9.0)

The greatest earthquake in the modern history of Japan and probably the fourth greatest in the last 100 years in the world occurred on March 11, 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku.Large tsunami and ground motions caused severe damage in wide areas, particularly many towns along the Pacific coast. So far, gravity change caused by such a great earthquake has been reported for the 1964 Alaska and the 2010 Maule events. However, the spatial-temporal resolution of the gravity data for these cases is insufficient to depict a co-seismic gravity field variation in a spatial scale of a plate subduction zone. Here, we report an unequivocal co-seismic gravity change over the Japanese Island, obtained from a hybrid gravity observation（combined absolute and relative gravity measurements）. The time interval of the observation before and after the earthquake is within 1 year at almost all the observed sites, including 13 absolute and 16 relative measurement sites, which deduced tectonic and environmental contributions to the gravity change. The observed gravity agrees well with the result calculated by a dislocation theory based on a self-gravitating and layered spherical earth model. In this computation, a co-seismic slip distribution is determined by an inversion of Global Positioning System（GPS） data. Of particular interest is that the observed gravity change in some area is negative where a remarkable subsidence is observed by GPS, which can not be explained by simple vertical movement of the crust. This indicated that the mass redistribution in the underground affects the gravity change. This result supports the result that Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） satellites detected a crustal dilatation due to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake by the terrestrial observation with a higher spatial and temporal resolution.

含聚合物防水膜的隧道衬砌界面剪切-滑移力学特性试验研究

为研究隧道衬砌结构中密贴型防水层界面的力学特性,根据隧道喷膜防水衬砌结构的特点,采用粘结强度试验和压剪试验探讨聚合物防水膜复合试件的界面剪切-滑移力学行为和特性。通过粘结强度试验绘制3种类型防水膜的拉伸应力-位移曲线,通过压剪试验绘制界面剪切应力-位移曲线,基于试验结果曲线计算得到防水层的界面参数,包括剪切强度、残余剪切强度、剪切模量、剪切滑移能量和剪切失效位移,并讨论防水材料性能和法向压应力对这些参数的影响。结果表明,防水层界面的剪切-滑移特性主要受防水材料特性和法向压应力的影响,防水材料特性对界面剪切强度和剪切模量的影响较大,而残余剪切强度、剪切滑移能量和剪切失效位移则受到法向压应力的影响更多。

三线盾构隧道渐次掘进扰动影响分析

对于三线并行盾构隧道,后行隧道多次侧穿会对已建先行隧道造成扰动影响.基于Mindlin解,采用两阶段分析法,得到了先行隧道在两次盾构平行跨越下的水平附加位移解析解.与国家科学中心核心创新项目上海硬X射线三线并行盾构隧道现场监测数据进行对比,验证了方法的有效性.对三线隧道水平净距、结构纵向刚度、地层损失率及地层剪切模量进行了影响因素参数分析,研究结果表明:先行隧道在后行隧道平行跨越关键断面下产生的水平附加位移峰值与并行隧道水平距离、隧道结构纵向刚度、地层剪切模量成反比,与地层损失率成正比.研究成果可为合理预测后行隧道侧穿施工对已建先行隧道的影响提供一定的理论依据.

测量机器人在地铁变形监测中的应用研究

为了更好地监测基坑水平位移,研发了一种基于自由设站的测量机器人,它能够在极端环境下准确监测桩顶水平位移,具有良好的准确性和灵活性。这种技术不仅可以在深基坑桩顶水平位移监测上得以体现,还可以在新建隧道的施工过程中,有效监测隧道道床的沉降、收敛和水平位移,为施工带来更加可靠的数据支撑。经过多次实验,发现测量机器人使用实时自动化监控技术能够给出准确信息,并且在很大程度上改善了建筑物/构造物的三维变形检查。这种技术不仅为建设项目的安全提供了参考,而且也为其他领域的研究提供了新的思路。

增建新线软土路基布袋桩施工对邻近运营铁路的影响

依托宁波铁路枢纽庄桥至宁波段增建三、四线工程紧邻运营铁路布袋桩加固软土地基工程,通过对布袋桩施工进行现场监测,并与高压旋喷桩及水泥搅拌桩对比试验,分析施工过程对运营铁路的影响。结果表明:布袋桩施工产生的地表水平位移和沉降均小于10mm,小于铁路路基累积位移控制标准;施工时超孔隙水压力与土压力同时增加,但引起的变化较小,且在施工结束后很快消散,土压力、超孔隙水压力与距离呈指数函数负相关关系;施工影响范围约3.0m;相对于旋喷桩施工,水泥搅拌桩对周围环境扰动较小,布袋桩影响最小。

安全阀离线校验阀瓣位移检测研究

在安全阀离线校验时对阀瓣位移量进行测定,对安全阀开启的判定将更加精准,避免将泄漏误判为开启。该文通过在安全阀开启压力数字化检测系统中加装激光位移传感器、位移靶标等,对安全阀离线校验过程中的阀瓣位移量测量进行了研究,得到了安全阀校验中阀瓣位移量的测量方法与适用范围。实验结果表明,可以通过检测阀瓣位移的方式,区分全启式安全阀的泄漏与开启。研究结果为准确判定安全阀开启提供了技术支撑。

提升剃齿公法线CPK应用研究

传统剃齿机通过控制剃主轴与被加工工件的中心距来控制公法线尺寸的变化,导致在剃齿加工时,齿部公法线随着机床温度变化而变化,导致公法线的CPK值不达标,需通过100%的检验方式确保零件的合格。与现在的高精度加工方式、检测需求不相适应。通过增加位移传感器的控制以实现剃齿刀主轴与被加工工件中心距的稳定性,实现提升剃齿公法线CPK的目的。