Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China,Wang Qingren(王清任),after years of clinical trials,became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine(TCM).Kou Langao(寇兰皋)and Xu Zimo(徐子默),both medical practitioners,constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of typhoid.They represented“School of Cholera with Cold Patterns”(SCCP).In the 1860s,with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s(王士雄)studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease,the“School of Cholera with Heated Patterns”(SCHP)prevailed thereafter.The two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and treatment.By reviewing previous literature,books,clinical cases,and historical materials in medical field,this article aims 1)to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty;2)to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence;3)to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification,and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

Summary of Zhang Hongxing's Experience in Treating Refractory Angina Pectoris with Traditional Chinese Medicine

As a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)expert in Shandong province and a famous veteran TCM expert in Dezhou city,Zhang Hongxing has been engaged in cardiovascular clinical work for more than 30 years.He has unique experience in the treatment of refractory angina pectoris.This paper comprehensively explains from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis.His treatment is mostly based on syndrome differentiation,combined with the basic pharmacology of modem Chinese medicine to formulate prescriptions and drugs,and at the same time values the use of insect drugs.We hereby attach the clinical records,hoping to provide reference for clinical workers,which is conducive to the inheritance and development of famous Chinese medical academic experience.

An analysis of the national TCM master Lu Zhizheng’s academic thought

Lu Zhizheng as one of the first national TCM masters in China, has gradually formed an academic thought of his own after longterm clinical practice of TCM. Such as development of spleen and stomach theory,18-character guideline——holding central area, operating also, taking good care of emotional activities, soothing liver, moistening dryness, improving digestion, and while his conclusions have been used for clinical practice flexibly. He suggested that the key of pathogenesis may be excessive fluid together with phlegm dampness and proposed the treatment rules of diseases caused by dampness. And he attempted to expound the methods and results of the research of rheumatism diseases. If conditions of diseases change,Professor Lu Zhizheng would be agile and adjust according to the conditions. The method of herbs is principled,and King Way therapy used by TCM treatment should be promoted.

A Bibliometrics Analysis on Academic Influence of Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

Objective:To illustrate the academic influence of Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine,and provide suggestions for further development of the Journal.Methods:Taking the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database as main source and the Chinese Science Citation Database(CSCD)as reference,the researchers retrieved the related data of the Journal such as its publication quantity,citations,fund projects,authors,institutions and regions from 1981 to 2018,analyzed these data by means of bibliometrics and information visualization with EXCEL,SPSS,VISIO,MATLAB and other softwares.Results:Through the analysis of the main indicators,the relevant indicators of the Journal’s academic influence revealed the developing trend of the Journal.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,endocrine,digestive system,pharmacological research of Chinese medicine and gynecology,as the hot topics in the discipline and academic,were clarified.Conclusions:All indicators show that the Journal is a high-quality journal reflecting the excellent achievements in the field of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in China.Through further analysis of relevant indicators,the authors put forward some specific suggestions on how to run the Journal well.

Profiles of Traditional Chinese Medicine Schools

Many schools of academic doctrines have emerged throughout the development history of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） due to geographic, time, Shicheng （mentor-apprentice system） and academic diversities. Classic TCM School, Classic Formula School and Febrile Disorder School, though all lacking a clearly demonstrable or continuous Shicheng relationship, are nevertheless so classified because of their consistency in reference to the classic TCM works. Each of the Four Famous Masters of Jin and Yuan Dynasties had its distinctively different academic doctrine, resulting in the establishment of individually integrated academic schools. The emergence of the Warming and Tonifying School in late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties was realized as a means to rectify the ill effects of the cool and cold medications prevalent at the time. On the other hand, the advent of the Warm Disease School and the rise of the Confluence School embodied the close relationship carried by TCM academic schools to contemporary historical background. Looking at this development history, it is evident that the development of TCM academic schools could flourish only if it allows dissenting, yet mutually tolerant, opinions. In present medical environment where TCM and Western medicine are of equal importance, Classic TCM Schools, TCM Modernization Schools and Integrative Medicine Schools should all receive emphasis to foster development.

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES The Chinese Association of the Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine 1996 National Congresses

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Cultural interpretation on Xiang thinking of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Though the analysis on the characteristics of Xiang thinking and the cultural background of its formation, it is believed that Xiang thinking is not only an art of logic and thinking with the natural holistic view but also represents the most important cognitive patterns concerning knowledge system of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and even it is the soul of Traditional Chinese Medicine culture. Therefore, a new viewpoint has been proposed that it is necessary to adhere to Xiang thinking with the study of Xiang as a core procedure and to seek for breakthrough for academic innovation in the cognitive process of Xiang with efforts.

The 7th Pong Ding Yuen International Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine cum the 10th Anniversary of the Full-time Bachelor of Chinese Medicine Programme Was Successfully Organized by the School of Chinese Medicine,the University of Hong Kong

The School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong has organized the 7th Pong Ding Yuen International Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine cum the 10th Anniversary of the Full-time Bachelor of Chinese Medicine Programme on 1 December, 2012, and 2 December, 2012, in Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong.

Appreciation of One Prescription by Jin Zijiu (金子久)

Jin Zijiu(金子久),taught by his father Jin Zhishi(金芝石),is a famous doctor in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period(1840-1928).With remarkable medical skills and high medical ethics,Jin Zijiu has lots of students and is especially good at treating warm diseases.By analyzing one prescription of Jin Zijiu preserved in Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine(上海中医药博物馆),this article explains his academic thought and clinical experience and shows his superb literary and artistic accomplishment.

黄河文化视域下的中医骨伤流派研究

黄河流经不同地域,形成了各具特色的地域文化及中医药文化。黄河流域中医骨伤流派是中医学重要组成部分,千年来植根于黄河文化的沃土,结合当地地域特色,形成了各具特色的学术流派,推动了黄河流域骨伤科学的发展。通过文献资料研究黄河文化视域下各骨伤流派的历史渊源、特色及其对地方医学的贡献,探究黄河文化与学术流派的传承与发展,加深对黄河流域中医骨伤流派的认识,对推动中医骨伤科学发展,促进中医药传承与创新具有重要意义。

卵巢癌中西医结合“全周期”诊疗上海专家共识

上皮性卵巢癌发病隐匿,是女性生殖器官常见的恶性肿瘤之一,病死率居妇科恶性肿瘤之首。70%以上的上皮性卵巢癌患者在就诊时已属晚期,表现为盆腹腔内组织器官的广泛转移,5年生存率仅为30%左右[1]。除了早期筛查意识欠缺、诊断困难,卵巢癌患者的高复发率和复发后可选择方案少也是其高病死率的重要影响因素,患者的长期预后面临着极大的威胁。

卵巢癌腹水中西医结合临床诊疗专家共识

腹水是腹膜腔内的过量积液,主要由原发或转移性肿瘤表面裸露的毛细血管渗出导致。恶性肿瘤相关腹水占所有腹水类型的10%,其中又以卵巢癌最为常见。卵巢癌的发病率居女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤第三位,病死率居妇科恶性肿瘤之首[1]。绝大多数卵巢癌患者初诊时已出现广泛腹腔转移,大量腹水增加腹腔压力,引起不同程度恶心、呕吐、纳差、腹部胀痛、呼吸困难等症状,若不及时控制可进一步诱发心肺功能不全,危及生命。

中医药超分子课程对中药本科专业学生知识重构及创新能力的影响探讨

该文根据亟待解决的中医药现代化所面临的重大前沿科学问题和重大工程技术难题,结合国家持续推进“双一流”专业建设实际情况,关注传统应用型中药本科专业培养模式向学术型创新中药专业培养模式转变时对人才专业知识结构的要求。分析中药专业主要课程的内在关系,探讨中医药超分子课程对中药本科专业人才的交叉知识结构和创新能力的影响,提出学术型中药本科专业增开中医药超分子课程的必要性。中医药超分子课程的开设将促进研究学术型人才知识结构重构,满足中药原始创新研究的需求。

浙派中医治疗痛经经验整理

[目的]总结1911年前浙派中医治疗痛经的经验,探究其特色。[方法]对浙派中医古籍文献中有关痛经的论述、病案等进行摘录整理,总结痛经病机及治疗特色。[结果]浙派中医治疗痛经以“气血失调”为主要病机,提倡以寒热虚实为纲的气血辨证法,从月经有无先后失期、经血色量如何、痛在经行前后三方面进行辨证。文献所记载的痛经证型共8种,分别为血气虚证、血虚有滞证、血虚有寒证、血虚有热证、冲任不足证、肝气郁滞证、气滞血瘀证、寒凝血瘀证,以“温通清化、调和血气”为治则。浙派中医发扬命门学说,擅用温药,记载痛经要药10味,分别为凌霄花、白芍、马鞭草、玄胡、京三棱、鹿角、阳起石、白头翁根、莲房、荷叶。[结论]浙派中医治疗痛经从“气血”立论,“温补”“清化”以治本,“调畅气血”为根本,以辨证论治、治病求本为宗。

基于多方位综合素质培养的研究生教育模式探索与实践—以湖南中医药大学中医诊断研究所为例

医学研究生是医学研究的重要力量,同时也是培养高层次创新医学人才的重要储备。医学教育的根本任务是加强医学相关学科的建设布局和支持力度,培养高层次的、具有国际视野的复合型医学人才。在此背景下,探索如何提升中医学术型研究生的综合素质是高层次医学创新型人才培养的关键课题。文章以湖南中医药大学中医诊断研究所为例,在培养中医诊断学学术型研究生过程中,通过实验室结合可共享数字化学术资源为主的开放式共享平台,联合产学研合作、学科竞赛及人文素质教育的培养模式,探讨了提升中医诊断学学术型研究生综合素质的可行性,旨在为该教育模式的推广提供依据和参考。

江苏地方医派传承发展张仲景学说刍议

仲景学说自明清开始出现北学南移,此与江苏地方医派关系密切。除刊刻《仲景全书》,精研仲景学术思想外,江苏医家结合当地气候、饮食及患者体质等因素,灵活变通《伤寒杂病论》的证治思路,促进了温病学派的诞生。此外,江苏地方医派秉承寒温一体理论,临证融伤寒、温病之长,同时将此思想融入中医教育中;并且借鉴西方院校教育模式,发展中医学校教育,开辟当代中医教育之先河。文章对江苏中医流派的学术及教育学思想进行了简单阐述,并对后续的中医药数字化科普工作进行了思考及展望,为中医流派的守正创新研究提供思路。

学术沙龙对中医基础理论专业研究生能力提升的实践与探索

学术沙龙是一种灵活的学术交流形式,新冠疫情背景下,线下的学术沙龙活动受到了极大的影响,但同时线上交流活动受到了前所未有的推动。各种会议应用被广泛用于线上交流,而智慧教学平台的诸多配套功能可对学术沙龙的内容及形式进行改善,在疫情期间,成为组织研究生交流、扩展教学的有力补充。从开始的无奈之举,到后来逐渐摸索出一系列线上活动的优势与长处,线上沙龙活动,不但在疫情期间帮助学生们更好地完成学业、增强了团体的凝聚力,而且也为教师提供了全新的学生活动实践经验,并在实践中摸索出中医药学知识推广的新思路。疫情过后,全国全面恢复正常秩序,线下的教学与学生活动也已经恢复如前。而线上教学平台已成为日常教学的有力补充,线上沙龙也得以保留,且大大丰富了线下沙龙的内容与活动形式,已经成为学术沙龙不可分割的一部分。

福州苍霞洲李氏中医儿科学术流派教育思想研究

中医药的传承发扬工作任重道远。在中医发展的历史长河中,中医学术流派从理论和实践方面丰富了中医药的内涵和实质,对于传承、弘扬、发展中医药事业至关重要。文章介绍了中医学术流派的概念及其教育模式,论述了福州苍霞洲李氏中医儿科学术流派的源流及教育思想,希望能够给提高中医教育质量,培养优秀的中医人才,助力中医药传承发展提供一些参考。

从“气化”浅述国医大师葛琳仪运用风药治疗脾胃病之学术思想

[目的]介绍国医大师葛琳仪教授(以下简称葛教授)分层次施用风药辨治脾胃病的临床特色及其临证经验。[方法]通过理论溯源,跟师随诊,整理并分析葛教授基于气化理论运用风药治疗脾胃系疾病的临床医案,总结葛教授巧施风药辨治脾胃病的思路、心得和用药特色,并附医案一则加以佐证。[结果]气化是生命的基本活动,气化异常是疾病产生的重要原因。葛教授指出,脾胃病的基本病机是“气化异常”,常从“气化”切入,巧施风药以调畅气机,恢复脾升胃降功能,维稳五脏气机,具体分为四个层次:以风药疏肝和脾、壮气运脾、燥湿健脾以及搜风通络养脾。常用的风药有柴胡、防风、黄芪、升麻、佛手、紫苏梗、苍术、娑罗子、桑叶、藿香、草果、厚朴、佩兰、徐长卿、炒僵蚕等及其组成的药对、药串。[结论]葛教授临证精于辨证,从“气”切入,按不同层次巧施风药治疗脾胃病,特色鲜明,疗效显著,其学术思想值得临床借鉴和推广。

针灸专业学术型研究生培养之问题及策略

针灸是中医走向世界的先行官。随着中医的认可度越来越高,国际上迫切需要大量针灸学专业的高端人才。我国医学研究生分为学术型和专业型。专业型研究生教育与住院医师规范化培训并轨,四证合一的模式使其成为众多医学生的首要选择;针灸学专业学术型研究生的培养模式尚不成熟且无统一标准,严重影响学生报考的积极性和针灸科研学术的未来发展。如何使针灸学专业学术型研究生提高创新能力,成为当下亟待解决的重要问题。文章就学术型研究生培养中遇到的问题进行商榷,旨在为针灸学专业学术型研究生培养提供一些对策,从而提升针灸学专业学术型研究生科研、教学以及临床等方面的能力。