Wireless Self-Powered Vibration Sensor System for Intelligent Spindle Monitoring

In recent years,high-end equipment is widely used in industry and the accuracy requirements of the equipment have been risen year by year.During the machining process,the high-end equipment failure may have a great impact on the product quality.It is necessary to monitor the status of equipment and to predict fault diagnosis.At present,most of the condition monitoring devices for mechanical equipment have problems of large size,low precision and low energy utilization.A wireless self-powered intelligent spindle vibration acceleration sensor system based on piezoelectric energy harvesting is proposed.Based on rotor sensing technology,a sensor is made to mount on the tool holder and build the related circuit.Firstly,the energy management module collects the mechanical energy in the environment and converts the piezoelectric vibration energy into electric energy to provide 3.3 Vfor the subsequent circuit.The lithium battery supplies the system with additional power and monitors’the power of the energy storage circuit in real-time.Secondly,a three-axis acceleration sensor is used to collect,analyze and filter a series of signal processing operations of the vibration signal in the environment.The signal is sent to the upper computer by wireless transmission.The host computer outputs the corresponding X,Y,and Z channel waveforms and data under the condition of the spindle speed of 50∼2500 r/min with real-time monitoring.The KEIL5 platform is used to develop the system software.The small-size piezoelectric vibration sensor with high-speed,high-energy utilization,high accuracy,and easy installation is used for spindle monitoring.The experiment results show that the sensor system is available and practical.

Solution for Output Coordination Equations of Several Typical Parallel Six-Dimensional Acceleration Sensing Mechanisms

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to generate the dynamic decoupling equation of the parallel six-dimensional acceleration sensing mechanism,two typical parallel six-dimensional acceleration sensing mechanisms are taken as examples.By analyzing the scale constraint relationship between the hinge points on the mass block and the hinge points on the base of the sensing mechanism,a new method for establishing the dynamic equation of the sensing mechanism is proposed.Firstly,based on the scale constraint relationship between the hinge points on the mass block and the hinge points on the base of the sensing mechanism,the expression of the branch rod length is obtained.The inherent constraint relationship between the branches is excavated and the branch coordination closed chain of the“12-6”configuration is constructed.The output coordination equation of the sensing mechanism is successfully derived.Secondly,the dynamic equations of“12-4”and“12-6”configurations are constructed by the Newton-Euler method,and the forward decoupling equations of the two configurations are solved by combining the dynamic equations and the output coordination equations.Finally,the virtual prototype experiment is carried out,and the maximum reference errors of the forward decoupling equations of the two configuration sensing mechanisms are 4.23%and 6.53%,respectively.The results show that the proposed method is effective and feasible,and meets the real-time requirements.

Experimental study on the accumulative effect of multiple pulses on acceleration sensor

Intentional electromagnetic interference is a serious threat to the safety of electronic devices. Multiple electromagnetic pulses will be coupled and transmitted to electronic devices through the cables.Accumulative effects are generated, which make it easier for damage to occur in the electronic devices. In this article, the working principle of micro-silicon acceleration sensors is introduced. The accumulative effects of multiple pulses on acceleration sensors is studied by a large number of injection experiments.The accumulation trends of multiple pulses with different pulse numbers and intervals are analyzed. The damaged structures inside abnormal sensor amplifiers were observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the accumulative effect is strengthened with increased pulse number or decreased pulse interval, and the threshold voltage for multiple pulses on the acceleration sensor decreases. The threshold voltage for a single pulse is 321.57 V. When the pulse interval is 1 μs and the pulse number is 5, the threshold voltage for multiple pulses is 163.42 V,which is reduced by 49.12% compared with a single pulse. These results provide a reference for the damage design of electromagnetic pulse weapons.

Use of Accelerators for Biomechanical Analysis of Walking Motion Aided by Wheeled Walking Frames

Walkers improve self-reliability. We examined the effectiveness of a newly developed wheeled walking frame for use by physically handicapped persons. Unstable gaits in walker users were analyzed by tri-axial accelerometers and a motion capture system. Several markers were placed on subjects＇ backs and legs. Subjects were requested to walk around a test course at a comfortable speed, while their motion was recorded by two high-speed video cameras. The activities performed on the test course comprised standing, normal walking, fast walking, and walking over a barrier. Any accidental falls were also recorded. We established the characteristic rules of gait motion using a walker. Furthermore, we demonstrated that gait characteristics are more conveniently extracted from acceleration sensors than from motion capture systems, since the sensors can be affixed to subjects for self-monitoring and goal achievements. The methods employing acceleration sensors are considered suitable for determining the average gait motions of elderly persons living in nursing homes, and can be used to evaluate walking motion before and aider rehabilitation.

Evaluation of Skills in Swing Technique in Classical Japanese Swordsmanship in laido Using Sensors

In this study, we analyzed the swing motions of more experienced practitioner and new practitioner of iaido players by using tri-axial acceleration sensor and gyro sensor. Iaido is a modern Japanese martial art/sport. In this way, the acceleration and gyro sensor measurement enabled detailed motion information at the installation points to be displayed in a short time, thus making it possible to easily extract the objective problems. Although it was not possible to confirm by the acceleration and angular velocity measurements the detailed motion of the entire body as obtained in the 2D motion analysis with a high-speed camera, it was confirmed that the acceleration and gyro sensor is an evaluation means that can be installed easily and can provide the exercise information in a short time as an objective index.

Walking Rehabilitation Evaluation Based on Gait Analysis

With the development of medicine and the improvement of people’s living standards, the issue of rehabilitation is getting more and more attention. Gait rehabilitation provides a brand-new treatment method for patients with walking disfunction. It is currently recognized as an advanced rehabilitation medical method in the world. In recent years, the number of patients suffering from dyskinesias in the lower limbs in China has been increasing, and the society's demand for walking rehabilitation treatment is also increasing. The emergence of gait rehabilitation solves the problem of fewer therapists and more patients, reduces the intensity of the therapist’s work, and has the incomparable advantage that traditional rehabilitation methods lack. However, because there are no mature related products in China at present, and the prices of foreign products are very expensive, domestic medical institutions have not yet put them into practice. Accelerating the development of gait re-habilitation equipment is of great significance for improving China’s medical level, improving the quality of life of patients, and reducing social burden. Usually, high-precision optical sensors are installed on human limbs or using high-speed cameras to capture motion. However, due to the high cost of the equipment, the relative high price of image processing software when processing the collected motion data. In this paper, the acceleration sensors are installed on the human body and the data in a gait cycle can be obtained. After smoothing, using it as the input signal for gait feature extraction and classification. In order to classify normal gait and abnormal gait for evaluation and better walking rehabilitation.

A new type seismic intensity meter

A new type of seismic intensity meter based on MEMS accelerometer is introduced. It employs STM32FI07 as the data processing core and detects the changes of acceleration with triaxial MEMS LIS344ALH and uses ADS1248 for 24 bit data sampling. The test on vibration table shows that the linearity of the meter is δL = ± 1.4% , and the sensitivity is Kc = 0.9671V/g with zero deviation of 0.0043 g. The seismic intensity meter has the advantages of simple structure and stable performance and it is appropriate for intensive layout on a large scale.

Fiber Bragg Grating （FBG） Sensors Used in Coal Mines

The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） strain sensors were used for on-line monitoring of the stress variation of the lined wall in the gateway retained along the goaf of No. 3203 coal mining face in Dongtan Mine. The results showed that the FBG strain sensor with the wide measuring range could measure the stress variation accurately during the support process of the gateway retained along the goaf and could provide the basis to further optimize the support structure and to determine the support plan of the gateway retained along the goaf. The FBG micro-seismic sensors were used in Xinglong Mine to detect the micro-seismic signal. The signals were well received and analyzed to determine the location and energy level of the source of the micro-seismic event warning. The FBG sensors and detecting system show a significant potential for micro-seismic detection and geological disasters detection.

Particle Measurement Sensor for in situ determination of phase structure of fluidized bed

Based on three-dimensional （3D） acceleration sensing, an intelligent particle spy capable of detecting, transferring, and storing data, is proposed under the name of Particle Measurement Sensor （PMS）. A prototype 60-mm-dia PMS was tested to track its freefall in terms of velocity and displacement, and served as a particle spy in a fluidized bed delivering the in situ acceleration information it detects. With increasing superficial gas velocity in the fluidized bed, the acceleration felt by PMS was observed to increase. The variance of the signals, which reflect the fluctuation, increased at first, reaching a maximum at the gas velocity （Uc） which marks the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization. Through probability density distribution （PDD） analysis, the PDD peak can be divided into the emulsion phase peak and the bubble phase peak. The average acceleration of emulsion and bubble phase increased, while the variance of both phases reached a maximum at Uc, at the same time. However, the difference between the variances of two phases reached the maximum at Uc. Findings of this study indicate that PMS can record independent in situ information. Further, it can provide other in situ measurements when equipped with additional multi-functional sensors.

High-density stacked microcoils integrated microminiaturized electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for self-powered acceleration sensing

With the rapid development of microelectronics and flexible electronics technology,self-powered sensors have significant application prospects in human-machine interface systems and Internet of Things.However,piezoelectric-and triboelectricbased sensors have low current output and are easily affected,while electromagnetic-based sensors are difficult to miniaturize.This work proposes a high-density stacked microcoil integrated microminiaturized electromagnetic vibration energy harvester(EVEH).The double-layer high-density microcoil is fabricated on both sides of the flexible polyimide substrate interconnected via the central through-hole.Owing to reduced single coil line width,line spacing,and stacked structure,the number of turns can be substantially enhanced.Moreover,the relative position of the coils and magnet has a considerable influence on the performances;due to the huge change rate in magnetic flux when the coil is placed in the radial direction of the magnet than in the axial direction,the open-circuit voltage in the radial direction is 10 times greater.The microcoil can maintain good performance at high,low temperatures and under bending conditions.When the distance between the ends of the coil changes from 2 to 20 mm in 2 mm steps,the bending angle of the coil changes from 45°to 270°in 45°steps;furthermore,when the coil is exposed to-40and 60℃conditions,the coil resistance is maintained at approximately 447Ω.The peak open-circuit voltage of three-piece microcoils reaches 0.41 V at 4 Hz under 2g,and the output voltage and current increase with an increasing number of stacked layers.These excellent properties indicate that EVEH can be used for self-powered acceleration sensing.The sensitivity is measured to be 0.016 V/(m/s^(2))with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 over the acceleration range of 1–18 m/s^(2).Thus,the developed microminiaturized EVEH has enormous potential for self-powered sensing applications in confined spaces and harsh environments.