Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ...Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.展开更多
The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/area.The GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-ind...The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/area.The GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-indexes,entrepreneurial attitudes,entrepreneurial abilities and Entrepreneurial aspirations.However,this GEI construction method with equal weights for three subindexes may be controversial,since the relative importance among the three sub-indexes may vary across countries and areas due to economic and social/cultural reasons.This study comprehensively considers all possible weights,and formulates an interval entrepreneurship evaluation matrix.Employing the Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis,the authors build an improved GEI,which the authors term the Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index.This method differs from the conventional wisdom that assigns exact values to corresponding weights,but explores a weight space considering all possible weight sets.Finally,the proposed method is confirmed using an empirical study measuring and comparing the entrepreneurship of the top 20 countries and areas in terms of 2017 GEI.展开更多
文摘Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71602089the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BK20160785Fundamental Research Fund under Grant No.NR2019015。
文摘The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/area.The GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-indexes,entrepreneurial attitudes,entrepreneurial abilities and Entrepreneurial aspirations.However,this GEI construction method with equal weights for three subindexes may be controversial,since the relative importance among the three sub-indexes may vary across countries and areas due to economic and social/cultural reasons.This study comprehensively considers all possible weights,and formulates an interval entrepreneurship evaluation matrix.Employing the Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis,the authors build an improved GEI,which the authors term the Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index.This method differs from the conventional wisdom that assigns exact values to corresponding weights,but explores a weight space considering all possible weight sets.Finally,the proposed method is confirmed using an empirical study measuring and comparing the entrepreneurship of the top 20 countries and areas in terms of 2017 GEI.
