Accounting standards, disclosure requirements and foreign company listings on stock exchanges

Some have claimed that there would be more foreign companies listed on American stock exchanges if foreign companies could use International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） instead of American generally accepted accounting principles （GAAP） and could be exempted from some of the disclosure requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In spite of these requirements, as of December 31, 2007, there are approximately 421 non-U.S, companies valued at $11.4 trillion listed on the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE）. Of these 421 companies, 41 companies are from China. This study examines the reasons for Chinese companies choosing to list on the New York Stock Exchange and their experiences with incremental disclosure and listing requirements on the Shanghai, Hong Kong, London, and New York stock exchanges. The lesson for foreign companies everywhere should be that foreign companies should search for those cross listings adding value and not be searching for countries and stock exchanges with weak disclosure and listing requirements.

Research on environmental accounting information disclosure for thermal power enterprises in China： Current situation, countermeasure and implement way

Along with the unceasing expansion of the human society production and the economic activity scale, the influence and harm of the social economy to the global environment is more and more serious. As one of the high-polluting industries in China, the environment problems of the thermal power enterprises attract attention from the country and society. It is crucial for the country to improve the laws and regulations about the disclosure of environmental accounting information gradually, and the thermal power enterprises should also disclose more valuable environmental accounting information to the public. This paper analyzes and elaborates the current situation, countermeasure and implement way of the environmental accounting information disclosure systematically.

Research on Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure of Listed Company under Low Carbon Economy

Since entering into the new century,domestic society develops rapidly,a variety of advanced ideas are constantly introduced into our country,the awakening of people’s ideology also makes the society develop greatly.Low carbon economy is a new economic concept,which is the need of achieving sustainable development of society,and the requirements of the times.With the development of economy,more and more domestic listed companies appear.In listed companies,there are still many problems and shortcomings in the disclosure of environmental accounting information,which need improving constantly.This paper mainly studies the problems of environmental accounting information disclosure of listed companies in low carbon economy,and puts forward some specific suggestions and measures,to promote the development of listed companies.

Analysis on Green Accounting Information Disclosure of Chemical Enterprises Under Low-Carbon Economy

In the current era of low-carbon economy,environmental governance and energy conservation have become major issues,in which chemical enterprises with high pollution and consumption have naturally attracted much attention.The disclosure of green accounting information is indispensable to the continuous development of chemical enterprises and even the whole society.Therefore,based on existing research results,this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes of green accounting information disclosure of chemical enterprises in China under low-carbon economy,and puts forward suggestions for solutions.

Problems and Suggestions of Corporate Green Accounting Information Disclosure Under Low Carbon Economy

With the continuous deepening of the concept of sustainable development in modern society,the accounting requirements of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises are increasing under the background of low carbon economic growth.In the face of the increasingly prominent environmental issues,it is imperative to focus on the development of green accounting and improve the accounting information disclosure level of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises on the whole.Through analyzing the issues in green accounting information disclosure of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises under the low carbon economy,we have a clearer understanding of the green accounting information disclosure of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises,which is conducive to proposing countermeasures that can improve the level of environmental information disclosure from its roots.

Study on the environmental information disclosure of Chinese forestry enterprises

Environmental accounting is a kind of accounting which focuses on the compensation for the resources spending. It combines the theories of environmental economics and traditional accounting and uses scientific as well as systematic ways to coordinate the development of economics and the protection of environment. It is just in the primary process for forestry enterprises in China to introduce the research and practice of environmental accounting. Based on discussion about the principle of environmental information disclosure and analysis on the current situation of the environmental information disclosure of the forestry enterprises, this paper attempted to propose that the supplementary report mode of information disclosure should be appropriate for the forestry enterprises, which provide the balance sheet of environment, the income statement of environment besides the original three financial report to reflect the general environmental information of the enterprise.

Fair Value Disclosure, External Appraisers, and the Reliability of Fair Value Measurements

By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signaling mechanism and a ＂full fair value disclosure＂ is firstly carried out, highlighting variables affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness of both information strategies. Then, recovering the traditional distinction between ＂protective disclosure＂ （hard information） and ＂informative disclosure＂ （soft information）, this paper demonstrates how the former could significantly increase the positive effects associated to an employment of an independent valuer, reaching some conclusions useful to the standard setting process.

Factors Influencing Information Disclosure by Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils: Evidence from Interviews

This paper aims to identify factors that influence the expectations of a wide range of stakeholders on the information disclosure in the Malaysian State Islamic Religious Councils(SIRC)annual reports,employing semi-structured interviews.The majority of interviewees perceived accounting standards as the main factor contributing to their expectations and further influenced the reporting practices among accountants in SIRC.Others are state fatwa(Islamic rulings),audit expectations,and individual perceptions.The result of the interviews revealed that on the top of accounting standards and government guidelines on the reporting for all government agencies,SIRC should take into account their greater accountability,which should be reflected in their reporting practices.Therefore,Islamic accountability through fatwa,audit expectations,and public demands could be considered.Such awareness is important in SIRC,to differentiate them from other government agencies.The existence of governance is similar to the board of members in a company,in SIRC through the fatwa committee.Therefore,this study suggests that the extent and quality of disclosure depends on the demand from the regulators,auditors,and funders.The findings suggest that SIRC should have an incentive to provide more information to satisfy various stakeholders’needs.Future studies can be carried out to suggest a set of disclosure items that should be disclosed in the SIRC annual reports in order to increase the level of disclosure,discharging their accountability.

Disclosure Quality in Goodwill Impairment Tests： Turkey Case

The issue of goodwill impairment has been debated in many countries throughout the world. Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） introduced fundamental changes in accounting and impairment methods for goodwill. Since global stock markets went into decline in 2008, there has been much debate over the issue of goodwill impairment in the US and European stock exchange markets, especially on how large the write-downs should be. Complexity of International Accounting Standards （IAS） and IFRS focusing on goodwill and goodwill impairment techniques may lead to inconsistent compliance and varying levels of disclosure quality. The aim of this study is to analyze goodwill impairment during and after the recent financial crisis for companies listed on the Borsa Istanbul （BIST） 100 index and to assist the financial statement users in the assessment of disclosure quality under IAS 36, Paragraph 134d. Tools such as： （1） the period over which management has projected cash flows; （2） the growth rate used for cash flow projections; （3） the discount rate（s） applied to projections; and （4） methods employed to determine recoverable amount are analyzed. Insufficient disclosures on these tools are observed. The findings are of interest to researchers examining the implication of IAS 36, regulators, and policy-setters.

Perception of Forensic Accountants About Elaboration of Free Judicial Expertise in Brazil

The Article 23 in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights mentions that all work must have a fair and favorable remuneration. However, in Brazil, the State uses the free legal aid as a way of minimizing the social and economic inequality, making it possible for the needy to have access to justice. Through the free legal aid, the litigant is exempted from payment of fees and legal expenses and court, thus, transferring the burden of work to professionals who assist in the judicial process. So, the magistrate can appoint an expert accountant to assist him in the trial of the legal question when the proof requires accounting knowledge. In this way, this article discusses the accounting expertise that is free of charge from the perception of expert accountants. The authors had applied questionnaires in August and September in 2008, and obtained 131 responses and 2,859 data. From this research, the authors observed that the majority of respondents when solicited to work with the possibility of non-payment attended the demand, and believed that this would contribute to society and assist the magistrate.

Enforcement of Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information and Continual Development of a Group of Basic Human Rights

Introduction 2013 saw the sixth anniversary of the formulation of Regulations of the People＇s Republic of China on Disclosure of Government Information （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations） and the fifth anniversary of their being put into effect. As the Regulations were stipulated and put into force,

我国碳会计信息披露的研究热点与发展趋势——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

在“双碳”目标背景下,碳会计信息是低碳经济模式的主要表现形式之一,其信息披露质量对于低碳经济发展有着举足轻重的影响。文章采用可视化知识图谱软件CiteSpace,从年发文量、高产作者、合作机构和关键词等方面,对CNKI学术期刊库中2009-2022年间的197篇国内碳会计信息披露相关文献进行可视化分析,深入探讨我国碳会计信息披露研究热点与发展趋势,为未来研究提供理论参考。研究表明:当前我国碳会计信息披露研究成果有限、各领域科研组织合作不够紧密、重点碳排放企业研究参与度不足;碳排放权、低碳经济是碳会计信息披露最突出的研究热点;前沿研究主要聚焦碳会计信息披露体系建设。

On the informationization of accounting information in China： The perspective of accounting information systems and its regulatory framework in the USA

The informationization of accounting information systems has brought many improvements to those systems. This paper highlights some of those significant advances in the informationization of accounting information systems in China. As China has become a major industrial power in the international economy, further improvements for these information systems are critical to the continued successes of China. To additionally improve these systems, China can draw upon the systems from other world economic leaders. With its fully developed capital markets, the United States offers development experience for the external reporting components of a fully integrated information system. This paper discusses a typical integrated information system in the United States and addresses the regulatory milestones that were instrumental in the development of those external components of accounting information systems. Recommendations are presented for improving informationization of systems in China based on U.S. systems＇ responses to those milestones.

The Impact of International Accounting Standards Board （IASB）＇s Guidelines for Preparing Management Commentary （MC）： Evidence From Italian Listed Firms

This paper investigates the Italian firms＇ disclosure in response to the new guidance on the management commentary （MC） contained in the International Financial Reporting Standard （IFRS） practice statement issued by International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） in 2010. The study is organized as follows. After reviewing the relevant literature on financial disclosure and MC, this paper examines the content of the Italian management＇s report-----known as ＂Relazione sulla Gestione＂ and that of the recent IASB＇s IFRS practice statement. Hence, it applies a self-constructed disclosure index and a multiple correspondence analysis （MCA） on MC of a sample of 66 Italian non-financial listed firms. The results show that the level of disclosures provided by the Italian listed firms does not seem to be affected by the IASB＇s guidelines. However, the survey highlights large differences in the level and type of disclosure provided in MC among the sectors and firms. This paper aims to contribute to the financial reporting debate by understanding the IASB＇s guidelines and their impacts on the voluntary disclosure practices of Italian listed firms.

Study on human resources cost accounting based on standards and general rules

The issue of the new standards for employees＇ salary and general financial rules that include employees＇ salary and relevant expenditures, have a great impact on human resources cost accounting. This paper performs a specialized study on human resources cost and employees＇ salary, accounts setting and accounting treatment for human resources cost accounting, human resources cost report, etc. on the basis of relevant provisions in the new Chinese accounting standards, the general financial rules, international accounting standards, and relevant academic research findings.

Accounting Framework to Measure the Environmental Costs and Disclosed in Industrials Companies Case Study of Societe Cement Hamma Bouziane （SCHB） in Constantine

Accounting, being an integrated information system, is not merely influenced by its environment, but also affects environment as well, due to its crucial role in generating the necessary information to decision-makers. It has two main pillars： measuring and declaring the costs that result from the activities of companies, especially industrial companies because they affect the environment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate how well industrial companies are committed to measuring their environmental duties and declaring them in their balance sheets. This topic will be developed over two parts： scientific basis of environmental costs and accounting; environmental measuring and disclosure.

Accounting and Value Relevance of Intangibles:A longitudinal Study in Italian Stock Exchange 2010-2018

This paper aims at exploring whether single items of intangible recognized in the financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standards(IFRS)are value relevant to investors on the Italian Stock Exchange.The data were gathered from all non-financial Italian listed companies covering the period 2010-2018.Using the Ohlson’s(1995)model,a panel data regression analysis with fixed effect has been adopted to test the relationship between intangibles and stock prices.We found that intangibles(goodwill,R&D expenditure,and other intangibles that are the sub-categories displayed on Orbis Database)are positively related to security price.The implications involve managers that must give much interest to intangibles as well as standards setters that should require further disclosure.This work covered a very recent set of longitudinal accounting data and offered an updating view of the association between intangible information and value relevance in the Italian Stock Exchange.

New Economy Output Accounts for 15.7% of China's GDP

The value-added output of new industries,new types of business and new business models accounted for 15.7% of China’s GDP last year,up 0.4% from2016,the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)said recently.

REALIZATION OF THE RMB'S CONVERTIBILITY UNDER THE CURRENT ACCOUNT AND ITS INFLUENCE

It was approved by the State Council in I984 to establish economicand technological development zones in 14 coastal port cities tofunction as windows for those cities to attract foreign investment,introduce advanced technology and management methods andexpand the export-oriented economy.Since 1992,18 other developmentzones have been approved by the Council,increasing the number ofsuch zones to 32.

The Conformity of University Accounting Education Curriculum to the Needs of the Labor Market in Romania

This study represents empirical research that aims to investigate how the labor market for the financial-accounting segment in Romania requires professional and personal skills developed within the accounting education curriculum in the Romanian universities of this profile, or these produce young practitioners inappropriate from the curricular point of view to the employers＇ demands. The study develops a statistical analysis of frequencies, aiming to find an importance stratification of the professional and personal characteristics in the employers＇ demands. The study groups the job advertisements into three categories： for financial accounting, managerial accounting and audit, and seeks to identify specific curriculum descriptors for these categories of professional development. At the same time, the study does a frequency analysis of curriculum descriptors and job execution, comparatively to the management jobs, attempting to do a hierarchy of professional and personal skills, depending on the wording of notices by employers. The conclusions of the report attempts to be a synthesis of the study assumptions results that lead to the idea that the curricular programs of the universities of this profile, though responding in terms of theoretical knowledge, should be extended in practice, but particularly in the personal skills development, which are defining in a competitive selection process.