Accumulated Rotation of A Modified Suction Caisson and Soil Deformation Induced by Cyclic Loading

Modified suction caissons(MSCs)acting as offshore wind turbine foundations will generate the accumulated rotation under cyclic loading resulted from waves.The accumulated rotation and the range of soil deformation around the MSC under long-term cyclic wave loading were studied using 3-D numerical simulations.The Morison equation was adopted to calculate the wave loadings.It was found that the MSC accumulated rotation increases linearly with the increase of the logarithm of cyclic number.The normalized expression was proposed to reflect the relationship between the accumulated rotation and cyclic number.The soil deformation range around the MSC increases when increasing the cyclic number and loading amplitude.It can also be concluded that the accumulated rotation increases rapidly with this change of excess pore pressure in the first 4000 cycles.The responses of the MSC to wave and wind loads were also investigated.Results show that the accumulated rotation of the MSC under both wave and wind loadings is larger than that under the wave loading only.

Improved strength and ductility of AZ31B Mg alloy sheets processed by accumulated extrusion bonding with artificial cooling

In this study,accumulated extrusion bonding(AEB)process with application of artificial water cooling was successfully performed to fabricate fined-grains AZ31B Mg alloy sheets at 150℃,200℃ and 250℃.The resultant microstructure and mechanical properties are systematically investigated.It reveals that the processing temperature has an important effect on the microstructural evolution during extrusion.During AEB process at 150℃ and 200℃,{10-12}tensile twinning was activated at early stage of extrusion,and subsequently continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)occurred and dominated the further deformation.However,for the sample extruded at 250℃,hardly any twins can be observed,and new fined dynamic recrystallized grains were found along grain boundaries.Artificial cooling was utilized to reduce the rate of grain growth out of the extrusion die,resulting the grains significantly refined from 11μm to 2.5μm.Local high dislocation density region was also observed in the microstructure of sample processed at 150℃ in artificial cooling condition,and the degree decreased with the processing temperature increase.The results summarized from tensile tests indicated that due to the grain refinement the strength and ductility was significantly enhanced(YS of 186 MPa vs.145 MPa,UTS of 391 MPa vs.336 MPa and FE of 31.5%vs.24.5%compared with the as-received sample).Subsequently,annealing treatment at different temperatures was applied to eliminate the high dislocation density.The sample annealed at 200℃ exhibited the best comprehensive mechanical property with YS of 179 MPa,UTS of 390 MPa and FE of 33.0%.As the annealing temperature increasing,the dislocation density was reduced by static recrystallization(SRX)and grain growth,leading to a decreased strength and ductility.

Barley Protein LFBEP-C1 from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1 Fermented Barley Extracts by Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Objective This study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering activity of LFBEP-C1 in high glucose-fed Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans).Methods In this study,the fermented barley protein LFBEP-C1 was prepared and tested for its potential anti-obesity effects on C.elegans.The worms were fed Escherichia coli OP50(E.coli OP50),glucose,and different concentrations of LFBEP-C1.Body size,lifespan,movement,triglyceride content,and gene expression were analyzed.The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test.Results Compared with the model group,the head-swing frequency of C.elegans in the group of LFBEP-C1 at 20μg/mL increased by 33.88%,and the body-bending frequency increased by 27.09%.This indicated that LFBEP-C1 improved the locomotive ability of C.elegans.The average lifespan of C.elegans reached 13.55 days,and the body length and width of the C.elegans decreased after LFBEP-C1 intake.Additionally,LFBEP-C1 reduced the content of lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels.The expression levels of sbp-1,daf-2,and mdt-15 significantly decreased,while those of daf-16,tph-1,mod-1,and ser-4 significantly increased after LFBEP-C1 intake.Changes in these genes explain the signaling pathways that regulate lipid metabolism.Conclusion LFBEP-C1 significantly reduced lipid deposition in C.elegans fed a high-glucose diet and alleviated the adverse effects of a high-glucose diet on the development,lifespan,and exercise behavior of C.elegans.In addition,LFBEP-C1 regulated lipid metabolism mainly by mediating the expression of genes in the sterol regulatory element-binding protein,insulin,and 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling pathways.

Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis

Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and daytime.Field experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars,namely‘Yangmai 18’(YM18),‘Sumai 188’(SM188),‘Yannong 19’(YN19),and‘Annong 0711’(AN0711),in the two growing seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth stage.The treatments were night warming during the tillering-jointing(NW_(T-J)),jointing-booting(NWJ-B),and booting-anthesis(NWB-A)stages,with ambient temperature(NN)as the control.The effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield formation were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation,as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat grains.The wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_(T-J)than in NN in the 2-year experiment.The yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and SM188.Treatment NW_(T-J)increased wheat yield mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets,and it increased dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and maturity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth stage.The flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry matter accumulation.NW_(T-J)also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages,promoting yield formation.Overall,night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate,and thus,wheat dry matter production,which contributed to an increase in wheat yield.

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.

Determination of Herbicide Chlorsulfuron Residual Kinbetic and Accumulated Residues in Soil by Gas Chromatography

In this paper, residual kinetic and accumulated residues of chlorsulfuron in soil was studied by Gas chromatograhy. The result identify, chlorsulfuron was applied to winter wheat at rates of 15 g aiha -1 ; 30 g ai·ha -1 , degradation on of Half-life in soil were 43.2 days; 36.9 days, respectively, and one year later, the residues in soil were 0.34 ng·g -1 ; 0.43 ng·g -1 , respectively. Chlorsulfuron was applied continuously several years, the residues in soil was accumulated.

Index Identification of Suitable Temperature at the Booting Stage and Accumulated Temperature over 10℃ during the Whole Growth Period in Rice in the South of China

According to phenological observation data of fourteen stations in Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi provinces from 1994 to 2006,indices of suitable temperature at the booting stage and accumulated temperature(≥10 ℃)during the whole growth period in early or late rice in the south of China were analyzed by statistics and biological relationship between factors.Indices of the optimum daily mean temperature and the minimum temperature at the booting stage were as follows:Early convention rice variety was 25.7 ℃ and 22.3 ℃ respectively,hybrid variety was 26.5 ℃ and 23.3℃ respectively;while late convention rice variety was 25.6 ℃ and 22.3 ℃ respectively,hybrid variety was 25.8 ℃ and 22.6 ℃ respectively.Indexes of accumulated temperature during the whole growth period were as follows:The early-maturing variety,the middle-maturing variety and the late-maturing variety of early rice was 2 512.1 ℃,2 528.4 ℃ and 2 651.3 ℃ respectively,while the early-maturing variety,the middle-maturing variety and the late-maturing variety of late rice was 3 126.2 ℃,3 031.5 ℃ and 3 335.2 ℃ respectively.The above indexes all met the requirements of identification,which could provide reference for formulating the meteorological standard of rice in the south of China.

Research Advance on Absorption Law of Cadmium by Rice and Safety Control Technology of Cadmium in Rice Grain

Heavy metal pol ution, especial y cadmium pol ution, has threatened the safety production of rice. The research advance on law of absorption, distribution and accumulation of cadmium in rice and on recent safety control technology of cadmium in rice grain was summarized in this paper. We hoped to lay a foundation for the safety production of rice.

Formation mechanism and organizational controlling of ultra-fine-grain copper processed by asymmetrical accumulative rolling-bond and annealing

The initial copper with large grain sizes of 60-100 μm was processed by six passes asymmetrical accumulative rolling-bond （AARB） and annealing, the ultra-fine-grained （UFG） copper with grain size of 200 nm was obtained, and the microstructures and properties were studied. The results show that there are large sub-structures and also texture component C for the UFG copper obtained by six passes AARB, possessing high strength and microhardness in company with poor elongation and conductivity. Thereafter, the UFG copper was annealed at 220 °C for 35 min, in which the sub-structures disappear, the grain boundaries are composed of big angle grain boundaries, and the textures are composed of a variety of texture components and parts of twins. Compared with the UFG copper obtained by six passes AARB, the tensile strength and yield strength for the UFG copper obtained by six passes AARB and annealing at 220 °C for 35 min are decreased slightly, the elongation and conductivity are improved obviously.

Mechanism of microcystin removal from eutrophicated source water by aquatic vegetable bed

For purifying raw water for tap water treatment, the aquatic vegetable bed （AVB） experiment has been carded out in a hypertrophic waterfront of Taihu Lake, China. The average removal rates of total microcystin-RR and microcystin-LR are 63.0% and 66. 7%, respectively. Experiments indicate that lpomoea aquatica can absorb microcystin by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, and the roots absorb more toxins than leaves and stems. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） is used to analyze the density of microcystin degrading bacteria in the AVB sediment. Two species of microcystin degrading bacteria are detected, which indicate that microcystin bio-degradation process happened in the AVB. Protozoa and metazoa are abundant in root spheres. Aspidisca sp., Vorticella sp., Philodina sp., and Lecane sp. are dominant species. The predation functions of protozoa and metazoa have a positive effect on the removal of cyanobacteria and microcystin.

Spraying Arginine at 5 Days before Harvest Delays Postharvest Broccoli Senescence via Nutrient Accumulation

To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.

Construction of Accumulated Temperature Effect Model for Fertility Alteration of Two-line Sterile Line P88S

[Objective]The research aimed at constructing an accumulated temperature effect model for fertility alteration of two-line hybrid rice P88S.[Method]Analyze the experiment datas of fertility alteration of P88S in Hainan from 2005 to 2006.[Result]The fertilities of P88S with temperatures ranging from 26 to 28 ℃ were determined by the absolute values and the accumulation effects of the temperature.An accumulation effect model of temperatures based on the bistable state was obtained.[Conclusion]The temperature asymmetry of fertility alteration for two-line sterility line in spring and autumn can be elucidated effectively using the accumulated temperature effect model,namely,alternating from fertile to sterile requires higher temperatures,and alternating from sterile to fertile requires lower temperatures.

Clogging processes caused by biofilm growth and organic particle accumulation in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands

The accumulation of organic matter in substratum pores is regarded as an important factor causing clogging separately in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands.In this study,the developing process of clogging caused by biofilm growth or organic particle accumulation instead of total organic matter accumulation was investigated in two groups of lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands（VFCWs）,which were fed with glucose（dissolved organic matter） and starch（particulate organic matter） influent.Results showed that the growth of biofilms within the substratum pores certainly caused remarkable reduction of effective porosity,especially for the strong organic wastewater,whereas its influence on infiltration rate was negligible.It was implied that the most important contribution of biofilm growth to clogging was accelerating the occurrence of clogging.In comparison with biofilm growth,particles accumulation within pores could rapidly reduce infiltration rate besides effective porosity and the clogging occurred in the upper 0-15 cm layer.With approximately equal amount of accumulated organic matter,the effective porosity of the clogged layer in starch-fed systems was far less than that of glucose-fed systems,which indicated that composition and accumulation mode in addition to the amount of the accumulated organic matter played an important role in causing clogging.

Profile Characteristics and Potential EnvironmentalEffect of Accumulated Phosphorusin Soils ofVegetable Fields in Beliing

Profile characteristics of accumulated P in 10 representativesoils of vegetable fields in suburban districts of Beijing wereinvestigated. Bioavailability of the accumulated P and its potentialeffect n the environment were studied in a greenhouse pot experimentand a soil column experiment. The results showed that theconcentration of Olsen-P in the 0～20 cm soil samples of thevegetable fields ranged from 2.1 to 358.0 mg kg^-1, which was 2 to 10times higher than that of the crop field sin the suburbs of Beijing.Most of the excessive phosphorus was accumulated in the topsoils.

Phosphorus accumulation by bacteria isolated from a continuous-flow two-sludge system

In this article, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） from a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system was isolated and identified, the different phosphorus accumulation characteristics of the isolates under anoxic and aerobic conditions were investigated. Two kinds of PAOs were both found in the anoxic zones of the two-sludge system, one of them utilized only oxygen as electron aeceptor, and the other one utilized either nitrate or oxygen as electron aeceptor. Of the total eight isolates, five isolates were capable of utilizing both nitrate and oxygen as electron acceptors to uptake phosphorus to some extent. And three of the five isolates showed good phosphorus accumulative capacities both under anoxic or aerobic conditions, two identified as Alcaligenes and one identified as Pseudomonas. Streptococcus was observed weak anoxic phosphorus accumulation because of its weak denitrification capacity, but it showed good phosphorus accumulation capacity under aerobic conditions. One isolates identified as Enterobacteriaceae was proved to be a special species of PAOs, which could only uptake small amounts of phosphorus under anoxic conditions, although its denitrification capacity and aerobic phosphorus accumulation capacity were excellent.

Accumulative deformation in railway track induced by high-speed traffic loading of the trains

Prediction and control of the permanent settlement of a track caused by traffic loading from trains is crucial to high-speed railway design and maintenance. In this study, a unified prediction model of accumulative deformation of geomaterials used in railway construction subjected to cyclic loadings is introduced and calibrated using physical model testing. Based on this versatile model, a calculation approach to determine the track structure settlement under repeated loadings caused by the movement of the wheel axle of the train is proposed. Regression analysis on the physical model testing is adopted to determine the parameters involved in the computational approach. Comparison of model test data and computed results shows that the parameters obtained from the back-analysis are consistent throughout the various testing conditions, and the proposed calculation approach is capable of satisfactorily predicting the accumulative settlement of the railway roadbed and subgrade soil for various axle loads and loading cycles. A case study of a high-speed railway is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach in realistic engineering applications. The computation results from the settlement development of a roadbed and subgrade soil are presented and discussed.

Spatio-temporal Changes of ≥10℃ Accumulated Temperature in Northeastern China since 1961

The objective of this study was to provide reliable basis for decision making for national food security and layout and structure adjustment of grain production in the northeastern China. The data of mean daily air temperature of 1961-2009 from 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China were chosen in this study. Using statistical methods and isoline method, the spatio-temporal changes of various decadal ≥10℃accumulated temperature and the climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were studied in this paper. The results showed that 1） The geo- graphical distribution of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature in the northeastern China could be influenced directly by the latitude, longitude and altitude. If latitude moved one degree northward, the average decrease amplitude of the climatic means was 101.9℃ in the study area. 2） The means of decadal ≥10℃ accumulated temperature rose since the 1980s, and their increase amplitudes became larger in the 1990s and the 2010s obviously. Compared with those of the 1980s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 100℃ in the mountainous and plain areas in the 1990s; compared with those of the 1990s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 200℃ in the Hulun Buir High Plain and the Songnen Plain, and 100℃ in the Sanjiang Plain and the Liaohe Plain in the 2010s. 3） The means of the decada ≥10℃accumulated temperature for 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China increased with the rate of 145.57℃/10yr in 1961-2009.4） The climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased from 1961-1990 to 1971-2000 and 1981-2009. Compared with the climatic mean of 1971-2000, that of 1981-2009 had increased by above 50℃ in most of the study area, even up to 156℃. Compared with the climatic mean of 1961-1990, that of 1981-2009 increased by above 100℃ in most parts of the study area, even up to 200℃. 5） The maximum northward shift, eastward and westward extension amplitudes of3100℃, 3300℃ and 3500℃ isolines were larger among all isolines for the climatic means of the three phases. Compared with the positions of the isolines of 1961-1990, those amplitudes of 31000C isoline of 1981-2009 were 145 km, 109 km and 64 km, respectively; those of 3300℃ isoline were 154 km, 54 km and 64 km, respectively; and the maximum northward shift of 3500℃ isoline was about 100 km.

Inhibiting heme oxygenase-1 attenuates rat liver fibrosis by removing iron accumulation

AIM:To investigate the effects of the heme oxygenase(HO)-1/carbon monoxide system on iron deposition and portal pressure in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation(BDL).METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into a Sham group,BDL group,Fe group,deferoxamine(DFX) group,zinc protoporphyrin(ZnPP) group and cobalt protoporphyrin(CoPP) group.The levels of HO-1 were detected using different methods.The serum carboxyhemoglobin(COHb),iron,and portal vein pressure(PVP) were also quantified.The plasma and mRNA levels of hepcidin were measured.Hepatic fibrosis and its main pathway were assessed using Van Gieson's stain,hydroxyproline,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1).RESULTS:Serum COHb and protein and mRNA expression levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 were increased in the BDL group compared with the Sham group and were much higher in the CoPP group.The ZnPP group showed lower expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 and lower COHb.The levels of iron and PVP were enhanced in the BDL group but were lower in the ZnPP and DFX groups and were higher in the CoPP and Fe groups.Hepcidin levels were higher,whereas superoxide dismutase levels were increased and malonaldehyde levels were decreased in the ZnPP and DFX groups.The ZnPP group also showed inhibited TGF-β1 expression and regulated TIMP-1/MMP-2 expression,as well as obviously attenuated liver fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Reducing hepatic iron deposition and CO levels by inhibiting HO-1 activity though the Nrf2/Keap pathway could be helpful in improving hepatic fibrosis and regulating PVP.