Effect Factors on Measurement Precision of the Embedded Temperature Sensing Fabric

The embedded temperature sensing fabric was designed and woven according to the heat transmission model of the fabric.The temperature sensors were embedded into the multi-layered fabric that weft yarns were high-shrinkage polyester filaments.And the fabric was treated by a self-designed partial heat device,which can make the sensor be fixed in the fabric.The effects of yarn type,yarn linear density,fabric warp density,fabric structure,fabric layer numbers where the sensor is located,and the ambient temperature on the temperature measured value were investigated.The results demonstrated that when the higher thermal conductivity of yarns and lower density yarns were applied in the fabric as rawmaterials,they were favored to improve the measurement precision.Meanwhile,there were many factors that could make the measured values closer to the real value of the body,such as the plain fabric,the increased warp density of the fabric,the multiple-layer fabric where the sensor was located,the raised ambient testing temperature and the prolonged test time in the certain range.

Influence of Temperature on the Measuring Accuracy of Devices Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Phenomenon

The main reasons for the occurrence of temperature error and perspective directions of decreasing of its value are presented by improving the device design based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and numerical methods of processing the results of measurements by this device. The most essential influence on changes in results of measurements can be rendered by temperature changes in the analyte refractive index. It is shown that the application of the integrated temperature stabilization of the device with the test substance, and numerical processing of the measurement results for compensation of temperature changes of the test substance and the use of film heaters it is possible to reduce the measurement error of the refractive index of the analyte at least 30 times from 2.4 × 10-4 to 7.6 × 10-6.

Experimental Research on the SizeMeasurement of the High Temperature ForgingBased on Multicolor CCD Technology

In order to determine the size measurement accuracy of the high temperature forging＇s multicolor CCD image by using computerprograms, this paper obtained the high temperature forging＇s CCD image by multicolor CCD camera and its fact size by thevernier caliper on the forging field, and then measured the size of the high temperature forging from its CCD image, compared thesize from the CCD image and the size from the vernier caliper, the result shows that the measurement accuracy satisfied theindustrial production.

Influence of Temperature Probes Installation on the Salient Pole to Temperature Measurement

Accurate and reliable information about the temperature of the synchronous generators excitation winding hot spot is necessary to determine the dynamic limit caused by excitation winding overheating in the PQ diagram. For good estimation of a position and the hot spot temperature it is decided to mount 19 temperature probes on one pole of the 6-pole, 400 kVA. 50 llz synchronous generator. Due to a large number of the probes and because the probes should be glued with the metal epoxy it was assumed that mounting of the probes will disrupt the temperature field of the excitation winding. To get the answer to this question the excitation winding resistance was measured betbre and after mounting the probes, in a hot and a cold state. Temperature rise can be estimated if the resistance ratio in the hot and the cold state is known. The paper also addresses the analysis of the measurement accuracy. The result shows that, there is no significant influence on the temperature when mounting the 19 temperature probes which covered 10% of the pole excitation winding surface.

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.

An Assessment of Ionospheric Error Mitigation Techniques for GNSS Estimation in the Low Equatorial African Region

Single frequency GNSS receivers are the most widely used tools for tracking, navigation and geo-referencing around the world. It is estimated that over 75% of all GNSS receivers used globally are single frequency receivers and users experience positioning error due to the ionosphere. To enable GNSS Single Frequency Precise Point Positioning (SFPPP), accurate a-prior information about the ionosphere is needed. The variation of the ionosphere is larger around the magnetic equator and therefore depends on latitude. It will be expected that SFPPP works better on latitude further from the magnetic equator. This present study aims to investigate the accuracy of some ionospheric error mitigation approaches used in single frequency precise point positioning (SFPPP) at several GNSS station in the new Nigerian GNSS Network (NIGNet) and two IGS sites in the low equatorial African region. This study covers two epochs of observation. The first consists of observation from three consecutive days (GPS week 1638;days 0, 1 and 2) that belongs to a period of low solar activities. The second epoch consists of observation from three consecutive days (GPS week 1647;days 2, 3 and 4) that belongs to a high solar activity and intense geomagnetic conditions. The estimated position for the GNSS stations from dual frequency measurement and their known ITRF solutions were used as a benchmark to assess the accuracy of SFPPP under four conditions i.e., SFPPP without ionospheric correction, SFPPP using final GIM models from the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe( CODE), SFPPP with Klobuchar model, and SFPPP with a computed (local) model at each station. All computation was done using Leica Geo-office software. The result of the study clearly demonstrates the significance of removing or correcting for the effect of the ionosphere, which can result in up to 7 m displacement. It was recommended that GIMs from different organization should be investigated and also efforts should be towards improvement in algorithms and clock error modeling.

低温共烧陶瓷激光测厚系统设计与误差分析

基于提升低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature co-fired ceramic,LTCC)厚度的检测精度、测量效率和可溯源性的需求,设计一套LTCC激光测厚系统。针对测量精度难以满足需求的问题,对存在误差进行分析,采用厚度测量用调整夹具消除同轴度误差和线性度误差,优化设计结构降低倾角误差,循环传感器标定消除重复度误差,通过数据优化和滤波处理降低机械振动误差,提高了系统测量精度。与实际产品厚度数据对比,最终精度误差≤5μm,符合产品的应用要求,具有广阔的应用市场。

高精度NiCr/NiSi薄膜热电偶高温测试系统

针对航空发动机涡轮叶片和燃烧室内壁等高温恶劣环境下对温度测量的迫切需求,提出了一种基于薄膜热电偶的高精度测温方法。采用磁控溅射法在SiC衬底上制备了NiCr/NiSi薄膜热电偶。完成了薄膜热电偶的设计与制备,并设计了一套高精度温度数据采集系统,主控芯片采用STM32,数据采集芯片采用16位高精度芯片ADS1118,实现了对高温恶劣环境下温度数据的实时采集。结果表明:设计制备的NiCr/NiSi薄膜热电偶能够实现-40~1000℃温度区间稳定测温,高精度测温系统与标准温度测量系统相比误差优于±0.4%,为高温恶劣环境下温度测量提供了有效且可靠的解决方法。

基于老化补偿的功率模块全生命周期在线结温监测方法

功率模块结温在线监测对提升系统性能和可靠性具有重要意义。应用导通饱和压降和电流对结温进行估计,对测量带宽要求不高,对硬件和算法的侵入性低,是比较理想的结温在线监测方法。但是传统的测量方法很难满足结温精度要求,另外长期工作下功率模块老化会引起温度模型参数漂移,进一步加剧结温估计误差。为此,该文提出一套高精度测量电路和采样校准策略,应用温漂抑制、动态自适应采样、误差定向标定、同步时序控制等策略,大幅提高了在线采样分辨率和结温估计精度。针对老化问题,提出一种基于大电流注入的急停控制策略,解决了老化特征参数在线辨识问题,实现了结温模型的老化补偿,大大提高了老化后的结温监测精度,实现了全生命周期高精度在线监测。最后,在250kW三相变流器平台上进行了实验验证,得到老化前后的结温估计误差,证明了该文方法对提高结温监测精度具有明显效果。

数控机床直线进给轴温度测点优化研究

为分析数控机床直线进给系统的温度场,需要布置一定数量的温度测点来进行温度数据的采集。然而,测点的位置和数目都会对研究结果产生直接影响。为实现准确布置温度测点,文章提出一种基于统计学理论进行改进的Canopy-FCM-GRA温度测点优化模型。以某数控机床X向直线进给轴为例,首先根据测得的实验数据确定预聚类数,然后通过模糊矩阵和灰色关联度系数筛选出相应的温度敏感点,最后基于SVR理论分别建立温度测点优化前和优化后的温度-热误差预测模型,通过比较两个模型精度来验证温度测点优化的有效性。结果表明,温度测点优化效果良好,通过优化后的测温点可准确探究进给系统的热特性。

基于高温超导的高精度电压互感器研究

电压互感器的励磁误差由励磁电流在电压互感器绕组上的压降产生,是电压互感器误差的主要来源。双级励磁技术可以有效降低电压互感器的励磁电流,但绕组阻抗始终无法消除,励磁误差仍然存在。文中将77 K高温超导技术应用于电压互感器,绕组和互感器铁心均工作在高温超导环境,达到超导态时绕组的阻抗为零,励磁电流经过绕组引起的压降也为零,可以从根本上消除励磁误差。分析了高温超导下的铜损和铁心磁性能,重点针对铁心的磁滞和涡流损耗进行了理论分析并提出抑制措施,设计了一台变比为1 kV/10 V的电压互感器的铁心和绕组结构,研制了高温超导电压互感器样机,设计了低温杜瓦容器及其外部冷屏设计,减小热量损失温度场,开展温度场仿真分析温度分布梯度。最后开展了误差校准,校准结果表明,该样机在20%~120%额定电压范围内,比值误差优于4×10-6,相位误差优于5μrad,比常温电压互感器的误差减小一个数量级。77 K高温超导电压互感器对于提升电压互感器的精度具有重要意义,同时也可为更高电压等级的超导互感器研制提供理论支撑。

分布式光纤温度传感信号小波去噪方法

在分布式光纤拉曼温度传感系统中,反斯托克斯光包含了温度信息,但其强度相对较弱,易受到噪声干扰。传统的信号去噪方法往往会滤除系统所具有的原始特征。针对这一问题,本文提出了改进的小波阈值方法,将3sigm准则与传统算法相结合。在该算法中,对信号进行小波分解,再对分解的各层小波系数进行阈值处理,使用3sigm值来区分有用信号和噪声,然后进行小波重构,实现信号去噪。在7 km长的多模光纤上进行温度测量实验,使用改进的算法对数据进行分析。结果表明,改进的方法处理后的温度波动平均为0.991℃,相较于传统算法得到的2.422℃,提高了1.431℃。与传统算法相比,3sigm准则算法提高了测温精度,并为阈值的选择提供了新的思路,使阈值的选择更具统计意义。

距离和雾对红外测温精度影响的补偿研究

为提高在线式红外热像仪在大雾天气下的测温精度,研究了距离、相对湿度和雾对红外热像仪测温精度的影响。采用二次开发的热红外故障数据采集系统,搭建实验平台,分别进行单因素和多因素干扰下的测温实验。得到距离-误差温度的分段多项式拟合关系;基于暗通道先验理论,实现对雾的定量描述,得到透射率-误差温度的指数函数拟合关系;以代数和的方式,提出一种误差补偿模型来补偿距离和雾共同作用产生的测量误差。实验结果表明,该模型能显著提高热像仪测温精度,对在线式红外热像仪在大雾环境下进行长时间精确温度数据的采集与存储,构建设备故障数据特征库具有重要意义。

利用局部受激散射提升布里渊光时域反射系统性能

分布式光纤传感技术在工程领域中逐渐得到大规模应用,为了简化传感解调模式以提高光纤监测方案的工程便捷性和可行性,在降低光纤监测成本的同时提高监测的精度和准确性,提出了一种基于局部受激散射的布里渊光时域反射系统。在采取光纤单端探测以满足工程便捷使用要求的基础上,利用连续泵浦光的自发布里渊散射与系统中的探测脉冲光作用,通过自发布里渊散射系统中产生的局部受激布里渊散射模式,来提升布里渊光时域反射仪的传感距离和测温精度。通过此方法,可使原低成本布里渊光纤传感系统在使用宽度为100 ns的常用探测光脉冲基础上,将2.7 km测温光缆的末端测温精度提升至±1.27℃,提升了283%,改善了系统的测温精度和传感距离,且该结构不额外增加运算时间及其他冗余光电器件。与传统相干探测结构相比,该系统为改善低成本建筑工地专用布里渊光时域反射仪的性能提供了一种途径,尽量满足当前阶段建筑工程领域对超低成本分布式光纤解调仪的应用需求。

自适应模糊PID高精度温控系统的设计

针对经典PID温控系统的参数整定繁杂、自适应差等问题,设计了自适应模糊PID高精度温控系统。该系统充分发挥模糊控制算法灵活及适应性强的优点,通过二维模糊控制器实时调整PID控制器的比例、积分与微分控制参数,实现参数的自整定。系统使用高精度热敏电阻和半导体制冷器分别作为温度传感器和执行元件,同时利用自适应模糊PID算法控制半导体制冷器加热或制冷时长,从而实现系统精密温度控制。实验结果表明,模糊PID温控系统的温度超调量仅有0.0054℃,与经典PID系统相比,降低了2个数量级,同时在5 h测量时间内,系统温度波动标准偏差仅为0.0013℃,且温控精度优于±0.005℃,实现了温度的精密自适应控制。

公路隧道施工水平位移及收敛量测精度确定方法与衡量方法探讨

隧道施工监控量测是隧道工程专业与测绘工程专业的交叉领域,在精度要求方面,隧道专业和测绘专业的规范标准中都有相关的条文说明,但不同规范标准之间存在侧重和差异,这给使用者在参考时造成一定的困扰。为了明确公路隧道施工监控量测水平位移监测精度要求,通过分析现行的国家标准、行业标准中的相关规定,结合多本现行规范中关于精度要求的说明,给出一种以确定允许变形量→确定衡量标准(中误差)→确定最大允许误差(中误差限差)为思路的精度确定方法,和计算实测数据中误差→对比计算中误差与中误差限差→判断数据可信度的精度衡量方法,并通过实测数据论证其合理性。结果表明,文中提出的精度确定方法、精度衡量方法及仪器选用能满足公路隧道水平位移监测或收敛监测的工作需求。

国产化背景下高精密光学双基站空间定位测量系统设计

开展了基于近景摄影测量技术的国产化高精密光学双基站空间定位测量系统研发。文中主要提出了针对该系统的设计方案,从整体结构、相机、光源、二维转台、移动标靶、处理软件等方面进行系统设计,同时在设计研发基础上开展了实验测试,通过与目前高精密测量仪器激光跟踪仪进行精度对分析,实验数据表明了其最大偏差为02mm,满足主回路设备≤03mm的安装公差要求,验证了该系统能够较好地满足我国高精密测量仪器装备使用需求,在国产化替代方面具有一定的可行性。

发射率对红外温度传感器测量精度的算法补偿研究

在实际的工况环境下,红外温度传感器所设置的材料发射率不同将会使得红外温度测量结果产生偏差,影响铝板材的板形质量。针对这一问题,本文构建了一种基于不同发射率作用下的温度补偿模型,修正待测物体在不同发射率下的温度测量值。结果表明:该补偿模型能有效降低发射率数值偏离对于轧辊红外温度测量结果的误差影响,温度误差值控制在1℃以内,对于提高红外温度传感器的测温精度有着重要意义。

一种用于压力传感器的温度补偿电路的设计与实验

由于压力传感器在高温、高压下力热耦合影响压力测量的准确性,急需对传感器进行温度补偿,通过一种基于惠斯通电桥的温度补偿电路设计,选择恒流源200μA作为激励,利用温度对恒流1/4桥中温度补偿单元造成的阻值变化得到单一的温度参量,利用温度、压力对恒流半桥中力敏单元造成的阻值变化得到温度-压力耦合参量,最后经过数据处理对传感器电性能进行温度补偿,排除温度对压力测试的干扰,实现高精度压力测量。同时,采用仿真及实验进行不同温度下压力的测量,通过AD620放大电路将采集所得电压信号放大100倍,验证该传感器温度补偿设计的合理性。结果表明在恒流源200μA、初始电阻3000Ω、温度25~1225℃范围内,仿真满量程最大误差为0.08%。实测情况下在25~525℃范围内满量程误差<1%,而在25~1225℃范围内满量程误差最大为5.7%。该补偿方法较为简单,补偿效果在25~525℃范围内良好,具有较好的应用前景。

不同采样周期下BDS GNSS精密单点定位验潮精度分析

利用海上移动平台搭载GNSS接收机采集观测数据,开展全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)采样周期对验潮精度影响的研究。以30 s、60 s、90 s和120 s为周期抽取成四个数据集,用Trip软件进行动态处理,获取每个测量历元坐标,比较各采样周期下两台接收机潮位测量结果,以标准差作为精度评价指标。研究结果表明,采样周期越短,PPP验潮精度越高,当采样周期缩短至60 s后,变化不再明显;采样周期从120 s逐级递减至90 s、60 s和30 s,精度分别提升63.0%、60.4%和10.0%。另外,对比了BDS GPS GLONASS三系统组合和GPS GLONASS双系统组合GNSS PPP在验潮精度上的差异,结果显示,在30 s、60 s、90 s、120 s采样周期下,三系统较双系统PPP在验潮精度上分别提升了88.9%、90.4%、78.7%和44.7%。