Analgesic Effects of Tetrodotoxin Combined with Acetylsalicylic Acid on Acetic Acid-induced Abdominal Constriction and Formalin Test in Mice

Aim To study the effects of tetrodotoxin （TTX） combined with acetylsalicylic acid （ASA） on nociceptive stimulus in mice. Methods To assess the antinociceptive effects of TTX, ASA or TTX plus ASA, the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and formalin pain test were used. Results TTX （0.5 - 4.0 μg· kg^-1 ） or ASA （25 - 200 mg· kg^-1 ） im produced a significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction. The median inhibitory doses （ID508） were 2.1 μg· kg^-1 for TTX（ and 64 mg· kg^-1 for ASA. TTX and ASA also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the second phase response in the formalin pain model, the ID508, being 2.3μg·kg^-1 and 74.2 mg· kg^-1, respectively. The ihteraction between TTX and ASA was synergistic, as evidenced by the fact that （1） when ASA alone compared with the combination of TTX （0.79 μg · kg^-1 or 0.39μg· kg^-1 ） and ASA, the ID508, of ASA reduced from 64.0 mg· kg^-1 to 5.8 mg· kg^-1 or 12.6 mg· kg^-1, and from 74.2 mg· kg^-1 to 7.4 mg· kg^-1 or 13.0 mg· kg^-1 on tile two models of nociceptive tests, respectively; and that （2） synergism in the analgesic effects was shown by isobiolographic analysis. Conclusion TTX, ASA and the combination of the two drags produce analgesic effects in acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and formalin-induced pain test. The interactions between TTX and ASA may be useful in developing novel analgesic agents.

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Photosynthetic Apparatus and Reactive Oxygen-Scavenging Enzymes in Chrysanthemum Under Low Temperature Stress with Low Light

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 on the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in chrysanthemum Jinba （a cut flower cultivar） under low temperature stress with low light （TL stress） （16/12℃, day/night, PFD 100 μmol m^-2 s-1）. The results showed that under TL stress, the net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, carboxylation efficiency （CE）, apparent quantum yield （AQY）, maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） of PSII, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ФPSII）, and photochemical quenching （qP） of the chrysanthemum leaves in all treatments were significantly decreased, but the decreases were alleviated by ASA, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatments compared with the controls. The alleviating effect of ASA ＋ CaCI2 was better than either ASA or CaCl2 single treatment. Moreover, the ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatment highly improved the chlorophyll content, relatively improved the number and size of chloroplast and starch grain in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants compared with ASA and CaCl2 treatments. It was indicated that ASA and/or CaCI2 could regulate the photosynthetic functions in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants to enhance the resistance against TL stress. On the other hand, reduction in relative conductance rate implied that ASA and/ or CaCl2 could protect from membrane injury in leaves of chrysanthemum plants. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the treated leaves of chrysanthemum were increased as compared with the controls. It was suggested that ASA and/or CaCl2 had positive regulation effects on the defence enzyme activities in chrysanthemum leaves which could protect the photosynthetic apparatus to a certain degree under the TL stress. In brief, the treatment of ASA together with CaCl2 was better for chrysanthemum plants to adapt TL stress than single ASA or CaCl2 treatments.

Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improves protein utilization efficiency while vitamin E supplementation reduces markers of the inflammatory response in weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic E.coli

Background： This experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin E（Vit E） and acetylsalicylic acid（ASA）, a cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2） inhibitor, will additively reduce the production of the immunosuppressive molecule prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2） and hence reduce inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli.Methods： The experiment was conducted in a research facility with 192 individually-housed male weaner pigs（Landrace × Large White） weighing 6.6 ± 0.04 kg（mean ± SEM）. The pigs were experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli and were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design with the respective factors being without and with 125 ppm ASA and three levels of Vit E supplementation（50, 100 or 200 IU/kg diet, dl-α-tocopheryl acetate）.Results： Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improved average daily gain（P 〈 0.05） and tended to improve feed：gain ratio（P 〈 0.10） during the first 14 d after weaning. Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation also improved（P 〈 0.001） amino acid utilization efficiency（as assessed by plasma urea level） and tended to decrease（P 〈 0.10） PGE2 production in the liver without affecting smal intestinal histology and tight junction protein mR NA expression in the jejunal epithelium. Vitamin E supplementation greater than 100 IU/kg diet sustained both the plasma Vit E concentration（P 〈 0.001） and plasma haptoglobin content（P 〈 0.001） after weaning. However, there was no additive effects of the combined supplementation of ASA and Vit E on performance, intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses of weaned pigs.Conclusions： Although ASA and vitamin E improved amino acid utilization efficiency and reduced acute inflammatory responses, ASA and vitamin E did not additively reduce production of PGE2 and inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimental y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli.

Effect of graded doses of acetylsalicylic acid on sperm chromatin integrity and maturity of germinal epithelium in adult male mouse

Objective:To evaluate the effect of graded doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on sperm chromatin integrity and sex hormones in the adult male mouse.Methods:Forty-nine male adult mice were divided into seven groups. Control group received no drug, sham group received ASA solvent (dimethylsulfoxide 0.1%), groups 3 to 7 received different doses of 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 mg ASA, daily for 14 d, respectively. On day 15, evaluations were made by sperm chromatin dispersion test for the study of DNA sperm integrity, radioimmunoassay for the study of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) level and histopathology of testis for Jhonson's scoring.Results: ASA in groups 0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 mg reduced big halo sperms. DNA fragmentation significantly increased just in 5 mg group. Serum level of testosterone in doses of 0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 mg groups reduced significantly (P<0.01) while LH level was not affected. Johnson's score reduced in all ASA treated groups.Conclusions: Administration of ASA over the 14 days in dose of 5.00 mg increases sperm DNA fragmentation index and therefore reduces DNA integrity and in doses of 0.50, 1.00, 5.00 mg reduces serum testosterone level with no effect on LH. Generally, ASA has deleterious effects on the male reproductive indices even in low doses.

Acetylsalicylic acid for metal stent in malignant distal common bile duct obstruction:A randomized controlled trial

Background:Endoscopic biliary drainage is the treatment of choice for patients with malignant distal common bile duct obstruction.Self-expandable metal stents have clinical advantages including an increased duration of patency that may be prolonged by acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)use.The aim of this study was to investigate whether ASA had a positive effect on the patency of self-expandable metal stents compared with placebo.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,double-blinded,and randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted from October 2017 to May 2020 in Korea.Patients who underwent palliative endoscopic biliary drainage with self-expandable metal stents for malignant distal bile duct obstruction were enrolled,and allocated to ASA treatment or placebo.The study outcomes were the rate of stent dysfunction at 6 months,duration of stent patency,risk factors for stent dysfunction,and any adverse events.Results:Interim analysis included 24 and 28 patients in the ASA and placebo groups,respectively.There was no significant difference between the ASA and placebo groups in stent dysfunction(25.0%vs.20.7%,P=0.761)or the duration of stent patency(150.97±10.55 vs.158.07±8.70 days,P=0.497).Six patients experienced suspected ASA-related adverse events,and there was one lethal case.Conclusions:ASA did not prolong stent patency.This study was terminated early because of the possibility of serious adverse events related to ASA treatment of these patients receiving palliative care.

Acetylsalicylic Acid Administered in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effect on the Antioxidant Enzyme System

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications are associated with oxidative stress and the depletion of antioxidant defenses. The influence of acetylsalicylic acid on reversing the decrease in antioxidants, insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory cascade can help prevent diabetes complications. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the antioxidant enzymatic system in patients with diabetes. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 21 patients of both sexes with Type 2 diabetes for less than five years at the time of diagnosis, without pharmacological treatment, and randomly selected. Acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg) was administered orally for three months to the study group (n = 11) compared to the placebo control group (n = 10). Before and after the intervention, anthropometric and metabolic measurements were taken, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, lipid profile panel, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and antioxidant capacity/activity were determined;values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Intra- and intergroup differences were tested by Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively;p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The acetylsalicylic acid group showed a decrease in weight (85.6 ± 19.3 vs. 84.1 ± 19.0 kg p = 0.01), cholesterol (205.9 ± 16.6 vs. 186.0 ± 23.2 mg/dL p = 0.02), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (7.8% ± 0.9% vs. 7.0% ± 0.7% p = 0.02). The placebo group exhibited reduction in weight (76.1 ± 14.9 vs. 74.9 ± 15.0 kg p = 0.04), glycated hemoglobin A1c (6.9% ± 0.6% vs. 6.2% ± 0.4% p = 0.004), and total antioxidant capacity (4.1 ± 0.5 vs. 4.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L p = 0.002). Conclusion: The administration of acetylsalicylic acid did not modify the antioxidant enzyme system.

Banana Peel for Acetylsalicylic Acid Retention

A method for adsorption involving banana peel (BP) was studied to remove the pollutant acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in aqueous medium. The results show that bioadsorbent has satisfactory maximum adsorption capacity (2.29 mg/g) for removing this analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug in aqueous solution (pH 7.0) using the Langmuir mathematical model. The tested concentrations of this pollutant were higher than the levels commonly found in the aquatic environment. This and other results suggest the BP as an alternative to ASA removal in water contaminated with pharmaceuticals pollutants.

Using o-Acetylsalicylic Acid Grafted by 3-Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane to Assemble Strong Covalently Bonded Luminescent Terbium Hybrids

The modification of o-acetylsalicylic acid by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) was achieved and the assembly of their corresponding organic-inorganic molecular-based hybrid material with the two moieties bridged by covalent bonds was obtained. It is utilized to coordinate to terbium ions and further happened hydrolysis and polycondensation processes by chemical active triethoxysilyl groups. The photophysical properties show that the triplet energy of modified o-acetylsalicylic acid is efficiently responsible for the antenna effect and matches with the emissive energy level of metal ions. Consequently, the intramolecular energy transfer process completed within these molecular-based hybrids and strong green emission of Tb 3+ was achieved.

Acetylsalicylic acid interferes with embryonic kidney growth and development by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism

AIM To evaluate the effects of the non-selective, non-steroidal anti-infammatory drug （NSAID） acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, on ex vivo embryonic kidney growth and development.METHODS Pairs of fetal mouse kidneys at embryonic day 12.5 were cultured ex vivo in increasing concentrations of ASA （0.04-0.4 mg/mL） for up to 7 d. One organ from each pair was grown in control media and was used as the internal control for the experimental contralateral organ. In some experiments, organs were treated with ASA for 48 h and then transferred either to control media alone or control media containing 10 μmol/L prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） for a further 5 d. Fetal kidneys were additionally obtained from prostaglandin synthase 2 homozygous null or heterozygous （PTGS2-/- and PTGS2-/＋） embryos and grown in culture. Kidney cross-sectional area was used to determine treatment effects on kidney growth. Whole-mount labelling to fluorescently detect laminin enabled crude determination of epithelial branching using confocal microscopy.RESULTSIncreasing ASA concentration （0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL） significantly inhibited metanephric growth （P 〈 0.05）. After 7 d of culture, exposure to 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL reduced organ size to 53% and 23% of control organ size respectively （ P 〈 0.01）. Addition of 10 μmol/L PGE2 to culture media after exposure to 0.2 mg/mL ASA for 48 h resulted in a return of growth area to control levels. Application of control media alone after cessation of ASA exposure showed no benefit on kidney growth. Despite the apparent recovery of growth area with 10 μmol/L PGE2, no obvious renal tubular structures were formed. The number of epithelial tips generated after 48 h exposure to ASA was reduced by 40% （0.2 mg/mL; P 〈 0.05） and 47% （0.4 mg/mL; P 〈 0.01）. Finally, growth of PTGS2-/- and PTGS2＋/- kidneys in organ culture showed no differences, indicating that PTGS2 derived PGE2 may at best have a minor role.CONCLUSIONASA reduces early renal growth and development but the role of prostaglandins in this may be minor.

Trend Analysis of Combined Drugs Creation （for Example Acetylsalicylic Acid）

The pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in January 2015 was registered 71 drug based acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, for which 52% combined. The most common combinations of ASA with acetaminophen and caffeine （45.9%）, magnesium hydroxide （18.9%）, bisoprolol （10.8%）, ascorbic acid （8.1%）, clopidogrel （5.4%）. Comparing markets combined drugs ASA of Ukraine, the Russian Federation, 28 EU countries, Norway, Switzerland, India, Syria, Australia and the USA identified the active pharmaceutical ingredients, combined with ASA in a single dosage form. The analysis of questionnaires 40 pharmacists pharmacies Temopil, Khmelnytsky and Kyiv regions of Ukraine noted that the biggest demand is mono-drugs ASA, Citramon, Askofen and Cardiomagnyl Methods of pharmacoeconomic studies proved efficient use Upsaryn UPSA with vitamin C tabl. spike, tuba in box number 20 BMS （France）, Citramon tablets number 6 PJSC ＂Monfarm＂ （Ukraine） and Cardiomagnyl tabl. film-coated shell 75 mg in bottle number 100 Nycomed Austria （Austria）. On the basis of six State Forms of drugs in Ukraine （2009-2014） was found that the combination of drugs based on ASA is recommended to use of ascorbic acid （Aspiryn C, Asprovit C, Upsarin UPSA with vitamin C）, dipyridamole （Agrenox）, magnesium hydroxide （Cardiomagnyl, Cardiomagnyl Forte）. Some of the standard combination of ASA （combination of paracetamol and caffeine） are not in form. For optimize State Form of drugs by improving health system in Ukraine can be useful pharmacoeconomic analysis of combination therapies with the current official system to note the combination of ASA with statins, esomeprazole, isosorbide.

Dynamic Variation in Sugar,Acid,and ASA Contents of ‘Ganmi 6' Kiwifruit(Actinidia eriantha Benth) Fruits

[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as materials every 15 days since 20 days after full bloom （DAFB） to 170 DAFB until in mature stage. [Result] The results showed that during fruit development of ‘Ganmi 6＇, the total sugar soluble contents had a rising trend with relatively stable at 95 DAFB, then rose until har- vest with the maximum content （10.35%）. The titratable acid content showed a trend of increasing, then declining, then increase to the harvest content （1.10%）. From the sugar acid ratio, we can knew it decreased in 95 DAFB, then up to the max （9.38）. The changes of AsA contents showed double ‘S＇ shape, decreased af- ter the first increased rapidly, slightly increased and then decreased in the early harvest. [Conclusion] It provided a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation methods to explore the nutrients regulation.

ASA在施胶过程中的化学行为

研究了ASA的施胶过程,并用FTIR漫反射技术分析了施胶纸中ASA的化学行为及其变化。研究结果表明,在本实验条件下,纸样中没有形成ASA与纤维羟基间的酯键;赋予纸页施胶作用的主要是ASA的衍生物;纸页干燥温度对施胶效果影响不大;加入一定量的Al3+可较明显地提高ASA的留着率,提高施胶效果。用放置后的ASA施胶,纸页的施胶效果明显降低,再用Al2(SO4)3浸渍纸页能使纸页的施胶度接近或达到ASA乳化后直接施胶的施胶效果。

外源NO和SA对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化及AsA-GSH循环的影响

以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)品种‘秦丰保冠’为试材,在水培条件下研究单独和复配施用一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)、水杨酸(SA)对100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗的生长、叶片光合作用、膜脂过氧化及抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响。结果显示,盐胁迫能显著影响番茄幼苗的生长、光合作用和活性氧代谢系统的相关指标。单独或复配施用SNP、SA均能有效缓解番茄幼苗的盐渍伤害,并以SNP和SA复配处理效果最好。处理3~7 d时,叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率(Pn)、APX、GR、DHAR的活性、AsA和GSH含量分别较胁迫处理有不同程度的提高;而H2O2、MDA、DHA、GSSG的含量和电解质渗漏率分别较胁迫处理有不同程度的降低。研究结果表明盐胁迫下外源NO、SA单独或复配处理均能通过维持或协调作用促进番茄相关抗氧化酶活性的提高和抑制抗氧化剂含量的降低,起到维持AsA-GSH循环高效运转、减轻膜脂过氧化、促进光合作用、改善植株生长发育和提高幼苗盐渍抗性的作用,且NO和SA复配处理时具有协同增效的作用。

ALA对低温胁迫下辣椒植株叶片中AsA-GSH循环的影响

以超越五号辣椒品种为试材,探讨低温胁迫期间及随后的常温恢复过程中5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA 25mg/L)处理对始花期辣椒植株叶片中超氧阴离子(O.2-)的产生速率、抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环中抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化剂含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施25mg/L的ALA能有效降低低温胁迫下植株叶片中O.2-的产生速率和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性,显著提高植株叶片中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)的活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)等抗氧化物质的含量及AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG的比值;常温恢复后,APX、GR和DHAR酶活性均相对有所降低。说明低温胁迫下,辣椒叶面喷施ALA能通过提高AsA-GSH循环中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂的含量,降低辣椒叶片中O.2-的产生速率,从而增强其抗氧化能力,有效缓解低温胁迫对辣椒植株的伤害。

不同授粉组合对苹果果实ASA含量及抗氧化协同酶、糖酸组分动态变化的影响

【目的】讨论不同花粉授粉后的苹果果实在生长发育过程中抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,ASA)含量、糖酸组分以及抗氧化协同酶活性的差异,明确高效授粉树花粉对苹果果实糖酸组分变化及抗氧化协同酶活性的影响,为高效授粉树的选育和提升苹果果实品质提供依据。【方法】采用自育高效授粉树1379、1539、1-17以及3-21的花粉,在‘富士’(Malus domestica Borkh.‘Fuji’)、‘嘎拉’(Malus domestica Borkh.‘Gala’)铃铛花期时进行授粉,以‘新红星’(Malus domestica Borkh.‘Starkrimson’)花粉为对照,自授粉后20 d的幼果开始每间隔20 d进行连续采样,对苹果果实中ASA含量、有机酸中的草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乳酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、枸橼酸含量;可溶性总糖中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖以及山梨醇含量、抗氧化协同酶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定。【结果】不同花粉授粉后果实内ASA含量存在显著性差异,均高于对照。在果实生长发育过程中,SOD、POD活性变化与果实内ASA积累量变化趋势相同,呈先降低、后升高、再降低的趋势;CAT活性逐渐降低,MDA含量变化呈先降低后升高的趋势,其中经过高效授粉树花粉授粉的果实内MDA含量均低于对照,而果实中抗氧化协同酶的活性均明显高于对照。在果实生长发育中后期,不同高效授粉树花粉授粉后的果实内总酸含量低于对照,而其中的草酸和酒石酸含量高于对照,苹果酸、枸橼酸和琥珀酸含量低于对照;糖组分含量均高于对照,其中果糖和蔗糖含量较对照有显著的提高,但不同授粉处理间的糖酸组分含量差异不显著。【结论】不同高效授粉树花粉均能显著提高苹果果实内ASA含量,但不同处理间ASA含量差异不显著;经过高效授粉树花粉处理的果实内草酸和酒石酸含量较对照有所提高,但是总酸含量较低;同时不同高效授粉树花粉授粉果实内的果糖和蔗糖含量较对照有显著的提高,但不同高效授粉树花粉授粉处理间的糖酸组分含量差异不显著。其中抗氧化协同酶活性与ASA积累量变化趋势相似,推测其活性与ASA含量具有一定的关系。

不同浓度ASA处理对黄花菜保鲜效果的影响

用1、2、3mmol/L乙酰水杨酸处理黄花菜,保鲜袋包装室温(25℃,RH=50%)贮藏,定期测定好花率、开花率、腐烂率、失重率、呼吸强度、总糖、抗坏血酸含量,研究不同浓度乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对黄花菜保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:不同浓度ASA均能延缓黄花菜好花率的降低,抑制黄花菜开花率和腐烂率显著下降,减缓贮藏期间总糖和抗坏血酸含量的下降。2mmol/L效果最佳,可使黄花菜的保鲜期延长到7 d。

ASA处理对采后苹果霉心病控制及活性氧代谢的诱导

以"红富士"苹果为试材,研究2 mmol/L乙酰水杨酸(Acetylsalicylic acid,ASA)浸泡处理对损伤接种粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)苹果果实霉心病的扩展及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,乙酰水杨酸处理可明显降低苹果果实采后发病率和病斑直径(p<0.05),提高果实过氧化氢(H_2O_2)累积和超氧阴离子(O_2^-·)的产生速率,增强果实中NADPH氧化酶(NOX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,降低过过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(p<0.05),增强果实的抗氧化系统活性,从而提高果实的采后抗病性和贮藏品质。

柱前衍生化RP-HPLC测定5-氨基水杨酸壳聚糖胶囊中5-ASA的含量

目的 采用RP -HPLC测定 5 -氨基水杨酸 (5 -ASA)壳聚糖胶囊的含量。方法 衍生化使样品中 5 -ASA乙酰化 ,色谱柱为Nucleosil1 0 0 - 5C1 8,流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液 -乙腈 -四氢呋喃 (85∶1 0∶5 ) ,流速 0 .9ml·min-1 ,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 5 -ASA在 0 .78～ 5 0 μg·ml-1 范围内线性关系良好 (r=0 .9993) ,RSD =1 .2 6 % (n =5 )。结论 所用方法可测定 5

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对低温胁迫下枇杷叶片AsA-GSH循环的影响

采用不同质量浓度(100、150、175 mg·L^(-1))的5氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)处理低温胁迫下3年生的早钟6号枇杷容器苗,以喷施清水为对照(CK),在-3℃下低温胁迫处理3 h,比较分析不同处理对枇杷叶片过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))、抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,外源ALA处理的枇杷叶片显著促进了叶片中抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的增加及脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的上升,降低过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量。说明外源ALA处理促进了低温胁迫下枇杷叶片AsA-GSH的有效循环,增强细胞的抗氧化性,提高枇杷幼苗的耐寒性。说明适当外源5氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)处理能够调控枇杷叶片中AsAGSH循环,进而提高枇杷叶片的抗寒性,减轻枇杷在低温胁迫下的损伤,其中以175 mg·L^(-1)ALA处理效果最显著。

Psychotropic effects of aspirin, acetylsalicylate cobalt and acetylsalicylate zinc at various doses

For the first time it is shown that psychotropic action of acetylsalicylates at various doses is manifested as a nonmonotonic dependence having its peaks at therapeutic and ultra-low dose zones. It is discovered that development of effects of aspirin resembles that of acetylsalicylate zinc. Acetylsalicylate cobalt at extremely low doses zone showed the highest antidepressant activity, demonstrating toxicity at high doses. Generally, it is revealed that the use of aspirin and its salts at high doses range causes maximum psychotropic effects development, usually accompanied by side-effects. Therefore, aspirin, acetylsalicylate cobalt and zinc at extremely low doses are recommended for further study as psychotropic medications.