18β-glycyrrhetinic acid promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy and inhibits proliferation by regulating miR-328-3p/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common cancer types worldwide,and its prevention and treatment methods have garnered much attention.As the active ingredient of licorice,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)has a variety of pharmacological effects.The aim of this study was to explore the effective target of 18β-GRA in the treatment of GC,in order to provide effective ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of GC.AIM To investigate the mechanism of 18β-GRA in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting autophagy flux in GC cells.METHODS Whole transcriptomic analyses were used to analyze and screen differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention.Lentivirus-transfected GC cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 were used to detect cell proliferation ability,cell colony formation ability was detected by the clone formation assay,and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis.A nude mouse transplantation tumor model of GC cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-328-3p overexpression on the tumorigenicity of GC cells.Tumor tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.TransmiR,STRING,and miRWalk databases were used to predict the relationship between miR-328-3p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)-related information.Expression of STAT3 mRNA and miR-328-3p was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and the expression levels of STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3),and LC3 were detected by western blot analysis.The targeted relationship between miR-328-3p and STAT3 was detected using the dual-luciferase reporter gene system.AGS cells were infected with monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-LC3 adenovirus double label.LC3 was labeled and autophagy flow was observed under a confocal laser microscope.RESULTS The expression of miR-328-3p was significantly upregulated after 18β-GRA intervention in AGS cells(P=4.51E-06).Overexpression of miR-328-3p inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation ability,arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase,promoted cell apoptosis,and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c nude mice(P<0.01).No obvious necrosis was observed in the tumor tissue in the negative control group(no drug intervention or lentivirus transfection)and vector group(the blank vector for lentivirus transfection),and more cells were loose and necrotic in the miR-328-3p group.Bioinformatics tools predicted that miR-328-3p has a targeting relationship with STAT3,and STAT3 was closely related to autophagy markers such as p62.After overexpressing miR-328-3p,the expression level of STAT3 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01)and p-STAT3 was downregulated(P<0.05).The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the luciferase activity of miR-328-3p and STAT33’untranslated regions of the wild-type reporter vector group was significantly decreased(P<0.001).Overexpressed miR-328-3p combined with bafilomycin A1(Baf A1)was used to detect the expression of LC3 II.Compared with the vector group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p group was downregulated(P<0.05),and compared with the Baf A1 group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p+Baf A1 group was upregulated(P<0.01).The expression of LC3 II was detected after intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells,and the results were consistent with the results of miR-328-3p overexpression(P<0.05).Additional studies showed that 18β-GRA promoted autophagy flow by promoting autophagosome synthesis(P<0.001).qPCR showed that the expression of STAT3 mRNA was downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).CONCLUSION 18β-GRA promotes the synthesis of autophagosomes and inhibits GC cell proliferation by regulating the miR-328-3p/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption Modeling of MnO4- Ions from Acidic Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbons Prepared with the Biomass

Activated carbons calcined at 400˚C and 600˚C (AC-400 and AC-600), prepared using palm nuts, collected in the town of Franceville in Gabon, were used to study the dynamic adsorption of MnO4- ions in acidic media on fixed bed column and on the kinetic modeling of experimental data of breakthrough curves of MnO4- ions obtained. Results on the adsorption of MnO4- ions in fixed-bed dynamics obtained on AC-400 and AC-600 adsorbents beds indicated that the AC-400 bed appears to be the most efficient in removing MnO4- ions in acidic media. Indeed, the adsorbed amounts, the adsorbed capacities at saturation and the elimination percentage of MnO4- ions obtained with AC-400 (31.24 mg;52.06 mg·g-1 and 41.65% respectively) were higher compared to those obtained with AC-600 (9.87 mg;16.45 mg·g-1 and 17.79% respectively). The breakthrough curves kinetic modeling revealed that the Thomas model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model were the most suitable models to describe the adsorption of MnO4- ions on adsorbents studied in our experimental conditions. The results of the intraparticle diffusion model showed that intraparticle diffusion was involved in the adsorption mechanism of MnO4- ions on investigated adsorbents and was not the limiting step and the only process controlling MnO4- ions adsorption. In contrast to AC-400, the intraparticle diffusion on AC-600 bed plays an important role in the adsorption mechanism of MnO4- ions.

Substituent effect on spectral and antimicrobial activity of Schiff bases derived from aminobenzoic acids

The dependence of electronic absorption spectra antimicrobial property on the substituent position was investigated using three Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and isomeric aminobenzoic acids in three solvents of different polarities. The absorption maxima in all three solvents exhibited dependence on the position of substituent with the absorption maxima undergoing a red shift as solvent polarity increased. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the compounds against some clinically important bacteria namely Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus feacalis (ATCC 29212) was determined in N,N”-dimethylformamide and 1,4-dioxane using the agar dilution method. The results revealed that the ortho and meta substituted Schiff bases exhibited better antimicrobial activity in the non-polar solvent.

酸碱改性木质活性炭对棕榈油中3-MCPD酯的吸附脱除效果

以精炼棕榈油为研究对象,研究4种碳纳米吸附剂(木质活性炭粉末、椰壳活性炭粉末、煤质活性炭粉末和多壁碳纳米管)对3-氯丙醇(3-MCPD)酯的吸附脱除效果,并对最佳吸附剂进行酸碱改性,探究改性后吸附剂添加量、吸附时间和吸附温度对棕榈油中3-MCPD酯吸附脱除效果的影响。结果表明:对3-MCPD酯的脱除效果为木质活性炭粉末>多壁碳纳米管>椰壳活性炭粉末>煤质活性炭粉末,整体脱除效果欠佳;经4 mol/L H_(3)PO_(4)改性后的木质活性炭粉末,吸附性能增强,在吸附剂添加量为5.85%、吸附时间为47 min、吸附温度为103℃的最佳吸附条件下,对棕榈油中3-MCPD酯的脱除率可达71.82%。使用H_(3)PO_(4)改性木质活性炭可作为脱除食用油中3-MCPD酯的一个有效方法。

Syntheses, Characterization and Antitumour Activities of Rare Earth Metal Complexes with 2-(((4,6-dimethyl)-2-Pyrimidinyl)thio)-Acetic Acid

Eight rare earth metal （ Ⅲ ） complexes with 2- （ （（4,6-dimethyl）-2-pyrimidinyl） thio）-acetic acid, LnL3· n H2O [HL = 2-（（（4,6-dimethyl）-2-pyrimidinyl）thio）-acetic acid; Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm Eu, Gd, Tb; n = 4 or 5], were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, complexometric titration, thermal analysis, conductivity, IR and ^1H- NMR. The results reveal that carboxyl group of the hgand coordinates with rare earth ions in bidentate mode after deprotonated. The water molecules exist as crystal water in the complexes. The anti-tumour activities of HL and some complexes were tested by both the MTT and SRB methods. The results show that the suppression ratios of some complexes against the tested tumour cells （HL-60 human leukemia cell lines, BGC-823 human gastric carcinoma cell lines, hela human cervix adenocarcinoma cell lines and Bel-7402 human hepatic carcinoma cell lines） are superior to HL.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antitumor Activity of a Novel Zn(Ⅱ)Complex with 2-(Nicotinoyloxy)acetic Acid Ligand

A novel Zn（Ⅱ） complex, [ZnL2（H2O）4]·H2O（1, HL = 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetic acid）, was synthesized using Zn（OAc）2·2H2O and 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetic acid as raw materials. Its structure has been elucidated by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis revealed that complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 and the Zn（Ⅱ） atom is six-coordinated with two N atoms from two different 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetate anion ligands and four O atoms from coordinated water molecules. Complex 1 forms a 3D network structure by O–H···O hydrogen bonds. The antitumor activities of 2-（nicotinoyloxy）acetic acid ligand and its Zn（Ⅱ） complex were evaluated against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and human colon carcinoma Wi Dr cells.

Crystal Structures of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator in Complex with 4-(Aminomethyl) Benzoic Acid and 4-(Aminomethyl-phenyl)-methanol

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator （uPA） is a trypsin-like serine protease and plays a key role in several biological processes, including tissue remodeling, cell migration, and matrix degradation. The inhibitors of uPA have been shown to prevent the spread of metastasis and tumor growth, and accordingly uPA is widely recognized as a target for the treatment of cancer. In this work, we report the crystal structures of the complexes of uPA with its inhibitors： 4- （aminomethyl）-benzoic acid （AMBA） and 4-（aminomethyl-phenyl）-methanol （AMPM）, both at a resolution of 2.35 А. The inhibitory constants of these two inhibitors were measured by a chromogenic competitive assay, and it was found that AMBA is a better inhibitor for uPA （Ki = 2.68 mM） than AMPM （Ki = 13.99 mM）. The structural study shows that the binding mode of inhibitor AMBA on uPA is similar to that of AMPM on uPA, both docked into the active site S1 pocket of uPA. Structural details of these complexes are provided to explain the difference of inhibitory constants.

Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of amide derivatives of 4-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxo]-4-oxobutanoic acid

Chiral 4-[(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)oxo]-4-oxobutanoic acid reacts with substituted anilines to produce amides 1-6 in high yields. Resulted amides 1-6 were investigated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 2 (96.5%) against Aspergillus fumigatus and 6 (93.7%) against Helminthosporium sativum demonstrated excellent activities. However, compounds 3 (37.6%) against Bacillus subtilis, 4 (33.2%) against Pseudomonas aurignosa, 5 against Klebsiella pneumonia demonstrated excellent growth inhibition potential.

Selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid over activated carbon supported Pt catalyst in alkaline solution

Pt/activated carbon （Pt/AC） catalyst combined with base works efficiently for lactic acid production from glycerol under mild conditions. Base type （LiOH, NaOH, KOH, or Ba（OH）2） and base/glycerol molar ratio significantly affected the catalytic performance. The corresponding lactic acid selectivity was in the order of LiOH〉NaOH〉KOH〉Ba（OH）2. An increase in LiOH/glycerol molar ratio ele‐vated the glycerol conversion and lactic acid selectivity to some degree, but excess LiOH inhibited the transformation of glycerol to lactic acid. In the presence of Pt/AC catalyst, the maximum selec‐tivity of lactic acid was 69.3% at a glycerol conversion of 100% after 6 h at 90 °C, with a Li‐OH/glycerol molar ratio of 1.5. The Pt/AC catalyst was recycled five times and was found to exhibit slightly decreased glycerol conversion and stable lactic acid selectivity. In addition, the experimental results indicated that reaction intermediate dihydroxyacetone was more favorable as the starting reagent for lactic acid formation than glyceraldehyde. However, the Pt/AC catalyst had adverse effects on the intermediate transformation to lactic acid, because it favored the catalytic oxidation of them to glyceric acid.

7-羟基-香豆素-3-羧酸衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

以2,4-二羟基苯甲醛和丙二酸二乙酯为起始原料,经Knoevenagel反应得到7-羟基-香豆素-3-羧酸乙酯(2);再经曼尼希反应、酯水解、酸化,得到7-羟基-8-氨甲基-香豆素-3羧酸(4a~4e);利用其羧基与不同碳数的二溴烷烃反应得到相应的溴代酯(5a~5i),再与硝酸银反应得到9个有机硝酸酯类一氧化氮(NO)供体型7-羟基-香豆素-3羧酸衍生物(6a~6i)。目标化合物的结构经过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱确证。用MTT法评价了目标化合物对人肝癌HepG2细胞和人肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响,结果显示,所合成的目标化合物对受试的两种癌细胞均具有较强的增殖抑制作用,其中,化合物6c的活性最好。

Synthesis, spectral, 3D molecular modeling and antibacterial studies of dibutyltin (IV) Schiff base complexes derived from substituted isatin and amino acids

New dibutyltin(IV) complexes of Schiff base derived from 5-chloroindoline-2,3-dione, indoline- 2,3-dione with amino acids (tryptophan, alanine and valine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra, conductance measurements, and biological activity. The analytical data showed that the Schiff base ligand acts as bidentate towards metal ions via the azomethine nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen by a stoichiometric reaction of M:L (1:2) to form metal complexes. NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectral data of the ligands and metal complex agree with proposed structures. The conductivity values between 14 - 27 ohm-1cm2mol-1 in DMF imply the presence of non-electrolyte species. 3D molecular modeling and analysis of bond lengths and bond angles have also been conducted for a representative compound, [Bu2Sn(L2)2], to substantiate the proposed structures. Antibacterial results indicate that the metal complexes are more active than the free ligands.

Structural Basis for the Interaction of 14-3-3<i>β</i>with Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediate Malate

The protein family of 14-3-3(s) has risen to a position of higher importance as an adaptor protein in cell biology. The seven highly conserved human 14-3-3 proteins coordinate diverse cellular processes including apoptosis, DNA damage response, protein trafficking, and others. In liver hepatocytes, 14-3-3β binds to Ser196-phosphorilated glucose-responsive carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) to inhibit converting excess carbohydrate to fat by regulating the nuclear/cytosol trafficking of ChREBP. Here, we report X-ray crystal structures of homodimeric mammalian 14-3-3β in its apo, Malate-bound forms. The determined apo structure was captured with one monomer in the closed state, whereas the other one had an open conformation. Strikingly, 14-3-3β binds Malate dynamically with a double-closed state, which is distinct from all previously characterized 14-3-3(s) and target ligand-binding modes. Malate docks into a first-time observed cofactor pocket located at the concaved interface of 14-3-3β helices α2, α3, α4 through mainly electrostatic and hydrogen interactions. Such a Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle intermediate Malate bond model might offer a new approach to further analyze insulin-independent 14-3-3/ChREBP pathway of de novo fat synthesis in the liver.

Crystal Structure and Biological Activities of (R)-N′-[2-(4-Methoxy-6-chloro)-pyrimidinyl]-N-[3-methyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)butyryl]-urea

The title compound （R）-N′-[2-（4-methoxy-6-chloro）-pyrimidyl]-N-[3-methyl-2-（4- chlorophenyl）butyryl]-urea has been synthesized, and its crystal structure and biological behaviors were studied. Crystallographic data： C17H18C12N4O3, Mr = 397.25, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 12.331（2）, b = 14.025（3）, c = 23.085（5） A, β = 99.607（4）°, Z = 8, V = 3936.2（13） A3, Dc = 1.341 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1648, R = 0.0718, wR = 0.1585 and/t（MoKα） = 0.353 mm^-1. The preliminary biological tests showed that the title compound has definite insecticidal and fungicidal activities.

含氨基酸席夫碱的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以N1-(2-四氢呋喃烷基)-5-氟尿嘧啶为原料,与1,4-二溴丁烷反应,得到N1-(2-四氢呋喃烷基)-N3-(4-溴丁基)-5-氟尿嘧啶(2),最后与氨基酸席夫碱的钾盐缩合,得到13个新的目标化合物3.其结构经IR,1HNMR,MS和元素分析确证.初步的体外抗肿瘤试验结果表明,目标化合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性.

水杨醛缩5-氨基水杨酸Schiff碱及其稀土配合物合成、表征和抑菌活性

以水杨醛和5-氨基水杨酸为原料合成了水杨醛缩5-氨基水杨酸,并以其为配体合成了3种新的 Schiff碱稀土配合物(分别为轻Nd、中Gd和重Yb稀土配合物),通过IR、1H NMR、TG-DTA和摩尔电导等测试技术表征其结构:配体以四齿形式参与配位,配位数分别为7(Nd)和9(Gd和Yb)。抑菌活性测定结果表明,所合成的配体和配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌均表现出不同程度的抑菌效果,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最好。从整体看,无论是配体还是配合物,它们的抑菌作用都随着浓度的增大而增强。在较低浓度下,中稀土和重稀土配合物的抑菌作用比氢稀土好;在高浓度条件下,轻稀土配合物的抑菌效果好。

酸碱滴定法优化香蕉磷脂酶A活性测定及炭疽病胁迫下其活性变化研究

植物磷脂酶A(phospholipase A,PLA)是细胞膜磷脂代谢中的关键酶,可以催化磷脂分子上多个功能基团发生裂解生成信号分子,参与调节植物生长发育以及环境和生物胁迫,具有重要研究价值。本研究主要考察底物浓度、反应温度、缓冲溶液pH、缓冲溶液体积、反应时间等多种因素对香蕉PLA催化卵磷脂水解活性的影响,从而优化磷脂酶A活性测定方法,进一步根据最佳测定条件研究炭疽病胁迫下香蕉PLA活性的变化趋势。结果表明,酸碱滴定法测定香蕉PLA活性的优化条件:反应体系pH 9,底物浓度为4 g/L,反应温度为55℃,底物为15 mL,酶粗提液为3 mL,提取缓冲液体积与果皮重量的比值(mL/g)为3,反应时间为7 h。在最优条件下对炭疽病胁迫下的香蕉果皮组织进行PLA活性测定,发现果皮的病害程度与PLA活力呈正相关,即随着病害程度加深,PLA活性增大,且远大于对照组。表明PLA活性大小可能与果实的抗性有关,随着果实病害程度加深,PLA活性增大,膜磷脂降解,细胞膜的完整性被破坏,从而导致果实腐烂。本研究明确了一种方便可行的香蕉PLA活性测定方法,为深入研究香蕉PLA的催化作用机制奠定基础。

磷酸活化粘胶基活性碳纤维的研究 Ⅲ-磷酸活化粘胶基活性碳纤维的吸附性能

磷酸活化粘胶基活性碳纤维对各种有机蒸汽具有良好的吸附性能。在 ３５０～５００℃活化或用较大浓度磷酸活化所制备的 ＶＡＣＦ－Ｐ对有机蒸汽特别是极性的甲醇和乙醇吸附量明显增大，在 １２８℃的热空气中处理 ２０ｍｉｎ后 ＶＡＣＦ－Ｐ基本上可完全解吸低温活化的 ＶＡＣＦ－Ｐ 对六价铬的吸附量达到了一些高性能离子交换纤维的水平ＶＡＣＦ－Ｐ具有一定的氧化还原能力，对金离子的还原吸附量达７００～１１００ｍｇ／ｇ。

新型脱氧胆酸1,2,4-三唑席夫碱类化合物的微波合成及其抗菌活性研究（英文）

利用微波辐射技术合成了16个未见文献报道的新型含1,2,4-三唑希夫碱结构的脱氧胆酸化合物,该方法具有反应时间短、产率高等优点;其结构经光谱和元素分析所确证。分别进行其对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性测试。初步结果表明部分化合物对绿脓杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很好的抑菌效果。其中化合物8d具有潜在的药物应用前景。

α-卤代丁二酰氧肟酸类基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的合成及活性评价

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一族Zn2+依赖的蛋白水解酶.该族酶的过度表达与多种病理过程密切相关,因此其抑制剂可用于这些疾病的治疗.本文设计合成了15个α-卤代丁二酰氧肟酸类新型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂,经核磁共振氢谱和质谱进行了结构表征,并以伊洛马司他(Ilomastat)为阳性对照,分别测定了它们对基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2和MMP-9的体外抑制活性.结果显示,4个化合物对MMP-2的抑制活性与阳性对照相当;5个化合物对MMP-9的抑制活性与对照药相当.

自由基-氟代烯烃加成反应活性的理论研究

利用AMI半经验量化方法对一系列自由基-氟取代烯烃加成反应进行了计算，并用软硬酸碱规则的理论基础-广义微扰理论对计算结果进行了处理．发现该类烯烃与自由基加成的反应活性（以活化能来表示）可由该理论得到很好的解释、同时发现影响反应活性的主要因素是路易斯酸碱对之间的共价作用，而静电作用的影响则非常小。另外还发现，对于本文讨论的烯烃分子。