The effects of lanthanum on some redox system(PMRS) properties of the plasma membrane(PM) vesicles from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5)stress were studied. The results show tha...The effects of lanthanum on some redox system(PMRS) properties of the plasma membrane(PM) vesicles from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5)stress were studied. The results show that there are NADH oxidase and EDTA Fe 3+ reductase, and nitrate reductase in the seedling PM, and they have different responses to soaking seeds for 8 h in a series of LaCl 3 solution. The NADH oxidase activities and the Nitrate reductase activities can be stimulated when La 3+ concentrations is in the range of 50~200 mg·L -1 , but their activities are inhibited or fluctuate by the higher La 3+ concentrations. The EDTA Fe 3+ reductase activities can be stimulated by La 3+ concentrations in the range of 50~400 mg·L -1 . The research also revealed that La 3+ reduces the relative permeability of membranes and have the function in protecting membranes under acid rain stress by the way of inhibiting the leakage of electrolyte.展开更多
The effects of La^(3+) on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane(PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5) stress were studied. The results show ...The effects of La^(3+) on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane(PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5) stress were studied. The results show that the height, length of roots, fresh weight and PM H^+-ATPase activites of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings increase by the treatments of soaking seeds in LaCl_3 solutions with lower concentrations, and those can reach their peak values by treating with 200 mg·L^(-1) La^(3+). However, in comparison with the CK, those are inhibited by the higher La^(3+) concentrations; PM Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity is inhibited with the treatments of La^(3+). The results also reveal that the H^+-ATPase activity and the growth of cell enlarge have a remarkable positive correlation, and La^(3+) activating H^+-ATPase can facilitate plant growth. La^(3+) also can alleviate cytosolic acidification of plant under acid rain stress and indirectly maintain the stability of intracellular environment. In order to resistant to acid rain and accelerate the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia, the suitable range of La^(3+) concentrations to soak seeds for 8 h is 50~200 mg·L^(-1).展开更多
The content and distribution characteristics of REE in spinach and soil under using REE and acid rain stress were studied by pot experiments. The results show that the content of REE is 0 527~0 696 (μg·g -...The content and distribution characteristics of REE in spinach and soil under using REE and acid rain stress were studied by pot experiments. The results show that the content of REE is 0 527~0 696 (μg·g -1 ) in the above ground portion of spinach, 2 668~3 003 (μg·g -1 ) in the under ground portion of spinach and 229 09~250 30 (μg·g -1 ) in the soil. With the acidity of acid rain increasing, the leaching of REE in plants and soil is strengthened and the amount of REE reduces with decreasing of pH value. After REE are used, though plants show the selective absorption to Ce group elements (especially spraying on leaves), regardless under acid rain stress or using REE or not, the distribution model of REE in the above ground and under ground portion of plants is basically the same with the control. Plants also follow the Oddo Harkins rule of the REE of distribution abundance, light rare earth elements is enriched, the minus of Eu is abnormal and admeasure of Ce is a rich model. The results show that REE in plants mainly come from soil and are affected by it.展开更多
Interaction between rare earth ion praseodymium (Pr(Ⅲ)) and MP11 with/without hydrogen ion (H +) in different media( aqueous, phosphate buffer, physiological condition) were studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. All the ...Interaction between rare earth ion praseodymium (Pr(Ⅲ)) and MP11 with/without hydrogen ion (H +) in different media( aqueous, phosphate buffer, physiological condition) were studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. All the results indicate that Pr(Ⅲ) interacts with MP11, increasing the non planarity of porphyrin periphery, leading MP11 to form two conformations when titrated by Pr(Ⅲ). Excessive Pr(Ⅲ) acts as a contaminant in living organism. H + and Pr(Ⅲ) have antagonistic effect on MP11, suggesting that at suitable concentration under physiological conditions, Pr(Ⅲ) can be used as biomodulator in protecting plants from acid rain stress or in rehabilitating the harm.展开更多
Seed germination of plants with various acid-resis tance display different responses to acid rain.To understand the reason why such differences occur,the effects of sim ulated acid rain(pH 2.5-5.0)on the activities of...Seed germination of plants with various acid-resis tance display different responses to acid rain.To understand the reason why such differences occur,the effects of sim ulated acid rain(pH 2.5-5.0)on the activities of peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)during sced ger-mination of rice(O.sativa),wheat(T.aestivurm),and rape(B.chinensis var.oleifera)were investigated.R cesults indi-cated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain,was in the order:rice(28.8%,31.7%)<wheat(34.7%,48.3%)<rape(79.3%,50.0%).The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause signif-cant difference(p<0.05)was in the order:rice(3.5)>wheat(4.0)>rape(5.0).Moreover,the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT,which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT.The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germina-tion indexes of these three species behaved differently.展开更多
Based on pot-culture experiments, the biological effect of rare-earth elements (REE) on antioxidation enzymes of wheat under acid rain stress was studied. The results show that both acid rain and REE can affect the ac...Based on pot-culture experiments, the biological effect of rare-earth elements (REE) on antioxidation enzymes of wheat under acid rain stress was studied. The results show that both acid rain and REE can affect the activity of anti-oxidation enzymes of wheat to different extents. Under the acid rain stress, anti-oxidation enzymes (CAT, SOD) of wheat showed single peak curve with the decrease of pH values. After REE were applled, variation of activities of anti-oxidation enzymes was relatively stable and the peak value of variation curve would move in the direction of increased acidity. Under low acidity of acid rain, REE could reduce the sensitivity of anti-oxidation enzymes of wheat to acid rain stress significantly and promote the resistance of anti-oxidation enzymes of wheat to acid rain.展开更多
Effects of the simulated acid rain(AR) and ultraviolet-B(UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation with a single or two ways simultaneously (AR + UV-B) on the antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis of the rape seedlings were ...Effects of the simulated acid rain(AR) and ultraviolet-B(UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation with a single or two ways simultaneously (AR + UV-B) on the antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis of the rape seedlings were investigated by the hydroponic culture. The results of static experiment indicated that the tolerance of rape seedling to single stress(AR or UV-B) is stronger than that to dual stresses(AR + UV-B). Furthermore, the dual stresses had additive effect on catalase activity, and a synergistic effect on MDA content, net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency as well as intercellular CO2 concentration. Meanwhile, it has an independent effect on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate as well as membrane permeability. During 64 h restoration course, the dynamic change in the curves of physiological and biochemical indices were not identical, and none of them show a simple linear variation. According to the static and dynamic experiments, it was found that a responsive sequence of catalase activity, membrane permeability, MDA content and photosynthetic characteristics to the above-mentioned stresses was as follows: AR + UV-B 〉 UV-B 〉 AR.展开更多
为探讨酸雨胁迫下毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)色素含量变化及其对光合速率和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响,试验模拟酸雨(SO42-∶NO3-=4∶1摩尔比),设定p H 2.5、4.0、5.6和6.9(CK),对毛竹3年生盆栽实苗进行处理,测定了叶片色素含量、...为探讨酸雨胁迫下毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)色素含量变化及其对光合速率和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响,试验模拟酸雨(SO42-∶NO3-=4∶1摩尔比),设定p H 2.5、4.0、5.6和6.9(CK),对毛竹3年生盆栽实苗进行处理,测定了叶片色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素荧光动力学参数并进行分析。结果表明:p H 5.6酸雨处理增加了毛竹叶片中叶绿素a(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量,使得光合速率(Pn)升高;p H 4.0和p H 2.5处理使Chl a、Car、Chl a+b、Chl a/b降低,Pn下降;随着处理时间延长影响效果越明显,75 d时Pn与对照(CK)相比差异极显著。p H 4.0和p H 2.5处理使荧光诱导动力学曲线的IPJ点荧光强度出现不同程度降低,处理75 d时初始荧光(F0)降低11.73%和17.59%,峰值P点荧光(Fp)降低25.46%和31.41%,反应中心密度(RC/CSo)降低22.94%和26.22%,实际量子产额(Yield)下降20.41%和35.31%、光化学淬灭系数(q P)下降15.48%和19.42%,表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)下降22.02%和25.14%,非光化学淬灭系数(q N)上升23.16%和33.46%。p H 5.6处理使荧光强度升高,F0和Fp分别比CK增加30%和18.57%,q P和ETR上升8.38%和13.53%,q N下降17.65%。酸雨胁迫使毛竹叶片天线色素吸收能量(ABS/RC)、捕获能量(TRo/RC)和热耗散能量(DIo/RC)升高;以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(PIABS)、最大光化学效率(φPo)、电子传递量子产额(φEo)、电子传递效率(ψo)和电子传递能量(ETo/RC)降低。轻度酸雨处理促进毛竹叶片光合色素合成并提高Pn,重度酸雨胁迫下光合色素含量降低,Pn下降。荧光诱导动力学曲线OJIP曲线及JIP-test分析可作为快速检测毛竹在酸雨胁迫条件下生理响应机制的方法。展开更多
A short-term exposure experiment of 19 native plant species was carried out from May 2006 to August 2008 at two sites with different stresses of acid rain pollution(HP:Guangzhou Petrochemical Factory in Huangpu repre...A short-term exposure experiment of 19 native plant species was carried out from May 2006 to August 2008 at two sites with different stresses of acid rain pollution(HP:Guangzhou Petrochemical Factory in Huangpu represents a contaminated area;LXH:Liuxihe National Forest Park represents a relative clean area).Total 76 soil samples,collected from rhizospheres of those tested plants and the nearby bulk soil,were analyzed to investigate chemical behaviors of rhizosphere soil under the different acid rain pollution.Meanwhile,soil samples of rhizosphere of Schima superba and the nearby bulk soil under a longer-term pollution were also collected and analyzed for further confirmation.The results showed:(1)Soil major ions(H+,Al 3+,Cl-,NO3-,SO4 2-,K+,NH4+)contents in the serious acid rain stress area were higher than that in the relative clean area and the serious acid rain stress induced an increase in leaching Ca 2+,however promoted Ca 2+ transfer from bulk soil to rhizosphere soil.(2)The nutrient content of rhizosphere soil was in general higher than that of bulk soil.(3)There were antagonistic actions and negative correlations between Ca 2+(as well as organic matter)and Al 3+ in rhizosphere soil.(4)Acid rain significantly caused Al release,the ratio of exchangeable Al and exchangeable Ca(Al/Ca)of the soil in serious acid rain pollution area was larger than that in the relative clean area.(5)There was a close correlation between Al 3+ and organic acid in the soil,which suggested that the plant roots would excrete more organic acid with the enhancing acid stress for complexing Al 3+ in the root sphere to lessen the toxicity of aluminum.展开更多
文摘The effects of lanthanum on some redox system(PMRS) properties of the plasma membrane(PM) vesicles from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5)stress were studied. The results show that there are NADH oxidase and EDTA Fe 3+ reductase, and nitrate reductase in the seedling PM, and they have different responses to soaking seeds for 8 h in a series of LaCl 3 solution. The NADH oxidase activities and the Nitrate reductase activities can be stimulated when La 3+ concentrations is in the range of 50~200 mg·L -1 , but their activities are inhibited or fluctuate by the higher La 3+ concentrations. The EDTA Fe 3+ reductase activities can be stimulated by La 3+ concentrations in the range of 50~400 mg·L -1 . The research also revealed that La 3+ reduces the relative permeability of membranes and have the function in protecting membranes under acid rain stress by the way of inhibiting the leakage of electrolyte.
文摘The effects of La^(3+) on the growth and the ATPases activities of plasma membrane(PM) vesicles isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under artificial acid rain(pH 4.5) stress were studied. The results show that the height, length of roots, fresh weight and PM H^+-ATPase activites of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings increase by the treatments of soaking seeds in LaCl_3 solutions with lower concentrations, and those can reach their peak values by treating with 200 mg·L^(-1) La^(3+). However, in comparison with the CK, those are inhibited by the higher La^(3+) concentrations; PM Ca^(2+)-ATPase activity is inhibited with the treatments of La^(3+). The results also reveal that the H^+-ATPase activity and the growth of cell enlarge have a remarkable positive correlation, and La^(3+) activating H^+-ATPase can facilitate plant growth. La^(3+) also can alleviate cytosolic acidification of plant under acid rain stress and indirectly maintain the stability of intracellular environment. In order to resistant to acid rain and accelerate the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia, the suitable range of La^(3+) concentrations to soak seeds for 8 h is 50~200 mg·L^(-1).
文摘The content and distribution characteristics of REE in spinach and soil under using REE and acid rain stress were studied by pot experiments. The results show that the content of REE is 0 527~0 696 (μg·g -1 ) in the above ground portion of spinach, 2 668~3 003 (μg·g -1 ) in the under ground portion of spinach and 229 09~250 30 (μg·g -1 ) in the soil. With the acidity of acid rain increasing, the leaching of REE in plants and soil is strengthened and the amount of REE reduces with decreasing of pH value. After REE are used, though plants show the selective absorption to Ce group elements (especially spraying on leaves), regardless under acid rain stress or using REE or not, the distribution model of REE in the above ground and under ground portion of plants is basically the same with the control. Plants also follow the Oddo Harkins rule of the REE of distribution abundance, light rare earth elements is enriched, the minus of Eu is abnormal and admeasure of Ce is a rich model. The results show that REE in plants mainly come from soil and are affected by it.
文摘Interaction between rare earth ion praseodymium (Pr(Ⅲ)) and MP11 with/without hydrogen ion (H +) in different media( aqueous, phosphate buffer, physiological condition) were studied by UV Vis spectroscopy. All the results indicate that Pr(Ⅲ) interacts with MP11, increasing the non planarity of porphyrin periphery, leading MP11 to form two conformations when titrated by Pr(Ⅲ). Excessive Pr(Ⅲ) acts as a contaminant in living organism. H + and Pr(Ⅲ) have antagonistic effect on MP11, suggesting that at suitable concentration under physiological conditions, Pr(Ⅲ) can be used as biomodulator in protecting plants from acid rain stress or in rehabilitating the harm.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of State Planning Committee(No.GJX01100626)the Foundation of Science and Technology Committee of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BG2001045)the Foundation from Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University of China.
文摘Seed germination of plants with various acid-resis tance display different responses to acid rain.To understand the reason why such differences occur,the effects of sim ulated acid rain(pH 2.5-5.0)on the activities of peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)during sced ger-mination of rice(O.sativa),wheat(T.aestivurm),and rape(B.chinensis var.oleifera)were investigated.R cesults indi-cated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain,was in the order:rice(28.8%,31.7%)<wheat(34.7%,48.3%)<rape(79.3%,50.0%).The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause signif-cant difference(p<0.05)was in the order:rice(3.5)>wheat(4.0)>rape(5.0).Moreover,the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT,which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT.The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germina-tion indexes of these three species behaved differently.
文摘Based on pot-culture experiments, the biological effect of rare-earth elements (REE) on antioxidation enzymes of wheat under acid rain stress was studied. The results show that both acid rain and REE can affect the activity of anti-oxidation enzymes of wheat to different extents. Under the acid rain stress, anti-oxidation enzymes (CAT, SOD) of wheat showed single peak curve with the decrease of pH values. After REE were applled, variation of activities of anti-oxidation enzymes was relatively stable and the peak value of variation curve would move in the direction of increased acidity. Under low acidity of acid rain, REE could reduce the sensitivity of anti-oxidation enzymes of wheat to acid rain stress significantly and promote the resistance of anti-oxidation enzymes of wheat to acid rain.
文摘Effects of the simulated acid rain(AR) and ultraviolet-B(UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation with a single or two ways simultaneously (AR + UV-B) on the antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis of the rape seedlings were investigated by the hydroponic culture. The results of static experiment indicated that the tolerance of rape seedling to single stress(AR or UV-B) is stronger than that to dual stresses(AR + UV-B). Furthermore, the dual stresses had additive effect on catalase activity, and a synergistic effect on MDA content, net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency as well as intercellular CO2 concentration. Meanwhile, it has an independent effect on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate as well as membrane permeability. During 64 h restoration course, the dynamic change in the curves of physiological and biochemical indices were not identical, and none of them show a simple linear variation. According to the static and dynamic experiments, it was found that a responsive sequence of catalase activity, membrane permeability, MDA content and photosynthetic characteristics to the above-mentioned stresses was as follows: AR + UV-B 〉 UV-B 〉 AR.
文摘为探讨酸雨胁迫下毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)色素含量变化及其对光合速率和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响,试验模拟酸雨(SO42-∶NO3-=4∶1摩尔比),设定p H 2.5、4.0、5.6和6.9(CK),对毛竹3年生盆栽实苗进行处理,测定了叶片色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素荧光动力学参数并进行分析。结果表明:p H 5.6酸雨处理增加了毛竹叶片中叶绿素a(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量,使得光合速率(Pn)升高;p H 4.0和p H 2.5处理使Chl a、Car、Chl a+b、Chl a/b降低,Pn下降;随着处理时间延长影响效果越明显,75 d时Pn与对照(CK)相比差异极显著。p H 4.0和p H 2.5处理使荧光诱导动力学曲线的IPJ点荧光强度出现不同程度降低,处理75 d时初始荧光(F0)降低11.73%和17.59%,峰值P点荧光(Fp)降低25.46%和31.41%,反应中心密度(RC/CSo)降低22.94%和26.22%,实际量子产额(Yield)下降20.41%和35.31%、光化学淬灭系数(q P)下降15.48%和19.42%,表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)下降22.02%和25.14%,非光化学淬灭系数(q N)上升23.16%和33.46%。p H 5.6处理使荧光强度升高,F0和Fp分别比CK增加30%和18.57%,q P和ETR上升8.38%和13.53%,q N下降17.65%。酸雨胁迫使毛竹叶片天线色素吸收能量(ABS/RC)、捕获能量(TRo/RC)和热耗散能量(DIo/RC)升高;以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(PIABS)、最大光化学效率(φPo)、电子传递量子产额(φEo)、电子传递效率(ψo)和电子传递能量(ETo/RC)降低。轻度酸雨处理促进毛竹叶片光合色素合成并提高Pn,重度酸雨胁迫下光合色素含量降低,Pn下降。荧光诱导动力学曲线OJIP曲线及JIP-test分析可作为快速检测毛竹在酸雨胁迫条件下生理响应机制的方法。
文摘A short-term exposure experiment of 19 native plant species was carried out from May 2006 to August 2008 at two sites with different stresses of acid rain pollution(HP:Guangzhou Petrochemical Factory in Huangpu represents a contaminated area;LXH:Liuxihe National Forest Park represents a relative clean area).Total 76 soil samples,collected from rhizospheres of those tested plants and the nearby bulk soil,were analyzed to investigate chemical behaviors of rhizosphere soil under the different acid rain pollution.Meanwhile,soil samples of rhizosphere of Schima superba and the nearby bulk soil under a longer-term pollution were also collected and analyzed for further confirmation.The results showed:(1)Soil major ions(H+,Al 3+,Cl-,NO3-,SO4 2-,K+,NH4+)contents in the serious acid rain stress area were higher than that in the relative clean area and the serious acid rain stress induced an increase in leaching Ca 2+,however promoted Ca 2+ transfer from bulk soil to rhizosphere soil.(2)The nutrient content of rhizosphere soil was in general higher than that of bulk soil.(3)There were antagonistic actions and negative correlations between Ca 2+(as well as organic matter)and Al 3+ in rhizosphere soil.(4)Acid rain significantly caused Al release,the ratio of exchangeable Al and exchangeable Ca(Al/Ca)of the soil in serious acid rain pollution area was larger than that in the relative clean area.(5)There was a close correlation between Al 3+ and organic acid in the soil,which suggested that the plant roots would excrete more organic acid with the enhancing acid stress for complexing Al 3+ in the root sphere to lessen the toxicity of aluminum.