Adsorption behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in aqueous solution on surface soils

Azo dyes have received considerable attention because of their association with various human health problems. The aim of the investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior ofazo dyes in aqueous solution on DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201 soils using C. I. Acid Red 14 （AR14） as example. The experimental results indicate that the Freundlich model expresses the adsorption isotherm better than the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model achieves adsorption of AR14 on the three soils well. Based on the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption thermodynamic of AR14 on DG06 soil have been studied and the thermodynamics parameter of AGO is determined and AGO value shows the adsorption process of AR14 on DG06 is mainly physical in nature. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, pH and salinity （NaC1） on adsorption have been investigated. The decrease in pH or the increase in salinity enhances the adsorption of AR14 by DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201.

Development of Acidification-resistant Organic Fertilizer for Improvement of Acid Red Soil in Guangxi

The soil in Guangxi has been severely acidified,restricting sustainable development of agriculture.In this paper,based on the screening of organic fertilizer additives,a method for the production of acidification-resistant organic fertilizer specific for acid red soil improvement was proposed,and the developed acidification-resistant organic fertilizer was used in sugarcane experiment.The results showed that in the treatment that the specific acidification-resistant organic fertilizer was applied,the yield of sugarcane significantly increased,the p H value of soil effectively increased,the physical and chemical properties of soil improved,and the contents of microorganisms and available nutrients in soil increased.

Dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked chitosan foam with high adsorption capacity for removal of acid red 134

The discharge of large amounts of dye-containing wastewater seriously threats the environment.Adsorbents have been adopted to remove these dyes present in the wastewater.However,the high adsorption capacity,predominant pH-responsibility,and excellent recyclability are three challenges to the development of efficient adsorbents.The poly(acryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride)-graft-dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals were synthesized in our work.Subsequently,the cationic dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked chitosan nanocomposite foam was fabricated via freeze-drying of the hydrogel.Under the optimal ratio of the cationic dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal/chitosan(w/w)of 12/100,the resultant foam(Foam-12)possesses excellent absorption properties,such as high porosity,high content of active sites,strong acid resistance,and high amorphous region.Then,Foam-12 was applied as an eco-friendly adsorbent to remove acid red 134(a representative of anionic dyes)from aqueous solutions.The maximum dye adsorption capacity of 1238.1 mg∙g^(‒1) is achieved under the conditions of 20 mg∙L‒1 adsorbents,100 mg∙L^(‒1) dye,pH 3.5,24 h,and 25℃.The dominant adsorption mechanism for the anionic dye adsorption is electrostatic attraction,and Foam-12 can effectively adsorb acid red 134 at pH 2.5–5.5 and be desorbed at pH 8.Its easy recovery and good reusability are verified by the repeated acid adsorption–alkaline desorption experiments.

Application of Fe^0/C/Clay ceramics for decoloration of synthetic Acid Red 73 and Reactive Blue 4 wastewater by micro-electrolysis

Dyes are common pollutants in textile wastewaters, and the treatment of the wastewater has now attracted much attention due to its wide application and low biodegradability. In this study, Fe^0/C/Clay ceramics, a kind of novel micro-electrolysis filler, were sintered and employed in a dynamic micro-electrolysis reactor for synthetic Acid Red 73 （AR73） and Reactive Blue 4 （RB4） wastewater treatment. The effects ofinfluent pH, hydraulic retention time （HRT）, and aeration on the decoloration efficiencies of AR73 and RB4 were studied. The optimum conditions for wastewater treatment were： AR73, influent pH of 4, HRT of 2 h and aeration; RB4, influent pH of 5, HRT of 6 h and aeration. Under the optimum conditions, decoloration efficiency of AR73 and RB4 wastewater was 96% and 83%, respectively. Results of UV-vis spectrum scanning demonstrated that the chromophores were broken. Continuous running tests showed that improvement of micro-electrolysis system with Fe^0/C/Clay ceramics for AR73 and RB4 synthetic wastewater treatment could avoid failure of micro-electrolysis reactor, which indicated great potential for the practical application of the ceramics in the field of actual industrial wastewater treatment.

Photo-degradation of Acid-red 3B dye catalyzed by TiO_2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotube precursor was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of TiO2 powders with NaOH solution and the properties of the nanotube materials were tuned using different post-treatments. Transmission electron microscopic （TEM） observation revealed that the nanotube could be obtained by either a direct rinse with acid solution or rinse with distilled water followed by acid solution. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） and inductively coupled plasma （ICP） analysis indicated that the nanotube material was composed of H2Ti2O5·H2O. In addition, the photocatalytic activities of the resulting catalysts were found to be strongly dependent on the post-treatment. The results of the photocatalytic reaction showed that the degradation of Acid-red 3B dye fitted pseudo-zero-order kinetics and TiO2 nanotube prepared under direct rinse with acid solution exhibited a higher catalytic efficiency compared to other catalysts.

Interaction of Cd and citric acid, EDTA in red soil

Adsorption and desorption process of cadmium in red soil (Ferrisols) as well as the influence by media' s pH were investigated in detail with and without citric acid and EDTA. Experimental results clearly showed that Cd adsorption in red soil was affected significantly by the coexisted organic chemicals. In the presence of citric acid and EDTA, Cd adsorption in red soil increased with pH in acid media but decreased in high pH one. Further studies placed stress on the adsorbed Cd in red soil which was found to be existed mainly as exchangeable one at pH < 5.5, and desorption rate by 0.10 mol/L NaNO3 gave a peak-shaped curve due to the difference of specifically and nonspecifically adsorbed Cd with pH's change.

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Chinese Red Soils with Varying Fertility Levels and Land Use Histories

Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) was used to estimate the microbial community structures of eight Chinese red soils with different fertility levels and land use histories. The total amounts of PLFAs in the soils were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass C and basal respiration, indicating that total PLFA was closely related to fertility and sustainability in these highly weathered soils. Soils for the eroded wasteland were rich in Gram-positive species. When the eroded soils were planted with citrus trees, the soil microbial population had changed little in 4 years but took up to 8-12 years before it reached a significantly different population. Multivariate analysis of PLFAs demonstrated that land use history and plant cover type had a significant impact on microbial community structure. However, the difference of soil microbial community structure in the paddy field compared to other land uses was not larger than expected in this experiment.

Red Yeast Rice Increases Excretion of Bile Acids in Hamsters

Objective To investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of red yeast rice （RYR） and its underlying mechanism. Methods Three groups of hamsters were fed either the control diet or one of the two experimental diets containing by weight 0.1% RYR （0.1RYR） or 0.3% RYR （0.3RYR）. Blood （0.5 mL） was collected from the retro-orbital sinus into a heparinized capillary tube at the end of week 0, 3, and 6. Plasma lipoproteins were measured using enzymatic kits, while fecal neutral and acidic sterols were quantified using a gas-liquid chromatography. Results Plasma total cholesterol was reduced by 12% in 0.1RYR group and by 18% in 0.3RYR group compared with the control value. Similarly, plasma triacylglycerol was decreased by 11% in 0.1RYR group and by 24% in 0.3RYR group. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that RYR had no effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein 2, fiver X receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase. HPLC analysis confirmed that RYR contained 0.88% monacolin K. It was recently found that RYR supplementation increased excretion of fecal acidic sterols by 34 folds compared with the conlrol value. Conclusion Hypocholesterolemic activity of RYR is mediated at least partially by enhancement of acidic sterol excretion.

Effect of copper on phospholipid fatty acid composition of microbial communities in two red soils

The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.

Fluorescence Microscopic Image Analysis of Nucleic Acids Based on The Capillary Flow Directed Assembly Ring of Neutral Red-nucleic Acid Supramolecular Complexes

It is critical to establish a direct and precise method with a high sensitivity and selectivity in analytical chemistry. In this research, making use of a well known phenomenon of capillary flow, we have proposed an image analysis method of nucleic acids at the price of a small amount of sample. When a droplet of the supramolecular complex solution, formed by neutral red and nucleic acids(NA) under an approximate neutral condition, was placed on the hydrophobic surface of dimethyl dichlorosilane pretreated glass slides, and it was evaporated, the supramolecular complex exhibited the periphery of the droplet due to the capillary effect, and accumulated there to form a red capillary flow directed assembly ring(CFDAR). A typical CFDAR has an outer diameter of (2 r ) about 1.18 mm and a ring width(2 δ ) of about 41 μm. Depending on the experimental conditions, a variety of CFDAR can be assembled. The experimental results are in agreement with our former theoretical discussion. It was found that when a droplet volume is 0.1 μL, the fluorescence intensity of the CFDAR formed by the NR NA is in proportion to the content of calf thymus DNA in the range of 0-0.28 ng, fish sperm DNA of 0-0.24 ng and yeast RNA of 0-0.16 ng with the limit of detection(3 σ ) of 1 7, 1.4 and 0.9 pg, respectively for the three nucleic acids.

Alleviation of Subsoil Acidity of Red Soil in Southeast China with Lime and Gypsum

ｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓ，ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｇｒｏｗｉｎｇａｂｏｕｔｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｃｉｄｉｔｙｉｎｓｕｂｓｏｉｌ．ＤｕｅｔｏｔｏｘｉｃｌｅｖｅｌｏｆＡｌａｎｄ／ｏｒｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＣａｉｎｔｈｅａｃｉｄｓｕｂ...

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous NiO with Folic Acid as Photodegredation Catalyst for Congo Red

In this study nanoporous NiO was prepared using Ni(CH3COO)2,4H2O, folic acid and water as starting material, template and solvent respectively, by sol gel method followed by calcination at 400℃. The solid product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The particle size of the nanoparticles estimated by XRD was in good agreement with the particle size obtained by TEM analysis (4-5nm). It was also found that the prepared nanoporous NiO show very good activity for photodegredation of dye organic pollutants such as Congo red (91%) during 1.5 hours.

Titratable Acidity and Alkalinity of Red Soil Surfaces

The surfaces of red soils have an apparent amphoteric character,carrying titratable acidity and titratable alkalinity simultaneously.The titratable acidity arises from deprotonation of hydroxyl groups of hydrous oxide-type surfaces and dissociation of weak-acid functional groups of soil organic matter,while the titratable alkalinity is derived from release of hydroxyl groups of hydrous oxide-type surfaces.The titratable acidity and titratable alkalinity mainly depended on the composition and content of iron and aluminum oxides in the soils.The results showed that the titratable acidity and titratable alkalinity were in significantly positive correlation not only with the content of amorphous aluminum oxide(Alo) and iron oxide(Feo) extracted with acid ammonium oxalate solution,free iron oxide(Fed) extracted with sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate(DCB) and clays,but also with the zero point of charge (ZPC) of the samples.Organic matter made an important contribution to the titratable acidity.the titratable alkalinity was closely correlated with the amount of fluoride ions adsorbed.The titratable acidity and titratable alkalinity of red soils were influenced by parent materials,being in the order of red soil derived from basalt> that from tuff> that from granite.The titratable acidity and titratable alkalinity ware closely related with origination of the variable charges of red soils,and to a certain extent were responsible for variable negative and positive charges of the soils.

Effects of Beverage Ingredients on Salivary Fluid Secretion with an <i>ex Vivo</i>Submandibular Gland Perfusion System: Tannic Acid as a Key Component for the Inhibition of Saliva Secretion

Tannic acid (TA) and TA containing beverage have been proved to inhibit Ca2+-activated Cl- channel located apical membrane of the secretory cells. However, their effect on salivary fluid secretion is not well investigated. We used mouse ex Vivo submandibular gland perfusion technique to identify the general effect of TA and related beverage samples on muscarinic agonist carbachol induced fluid secretion. Green tea inhibited fluid secretion by 64% from the control, where oolong tea was by 53%, and red wine by 43% which was linked with their TA concentration. On the other hand, though TA was contained at 4.7 μM in white wine sample and 33 μM in coffee extract, no adverse effect was observed. In addition, coffee induced salivation in the absence of carbachol. TA had a negative effect on fluid secretion with a concentration dependent manner. The effects of TA on carbachol induced calcium increase showed identical as fluid secretion, which was initially no effect, and then gradually decreased over the time. These results demonstrate that TA directly inhibits the salivary fluid secretion and it affects not only Ca2+-activated Cl- channel but also intracellular Ca2+ increasing mechanisms.

Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Water Using Heat-Acid Activated Red Mud

This study investigated the heat-acid activated red mud used for hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) removal from aqueous solution. The results showed that the heat-acid activated red mud enhanced hexavalent chromium removal capacity from 0.003 to 0.015 mg·g﹣1. Adsorption experiments were conducted as a function of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and reaction temperature. The removal efficiency was found to increase gradually when solution pH decreased and maximum removal was achieved at pH 2. The physico-chemical characteristics of heat-acid activated red mud were studied by using instrumental technique like Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The experimental data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption process was exothermic reaction. The cost-effective performance and, simple operation suggest the heat-acid activated red mud can be taken as a promising sorbents for removal of Cr6+ from wastewater.

富里酸污染红黏土抗剪强度试验研究

通过在红黏土中掺入不同含量富里酸粉末制样,并对试样采用蒸馏水饱和浸泡,对浸泡龄期为7 d、14 d和28 d的试样进行直剪试验,分析不同富里酸掺入量和浸泡时间对红黏土试样抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,富里酸的掺入会降低土样的抗剪强度,土样的黏聚力随富里酸掺入量增加而提高,内摩擦角则随富里酸含量的增加而逐渐降低,相同富里酸掺入量下,浸泡时间越长,黏聚力越大,内摩擦角则越小。富里酸分子的羧基、羟基、羰基、甲氧基等活性官能团与土体矿物表面形成吸附作用,使得富里酸包裹在土颗粒表面,对土颗粒间形成联结作用,从而影响土体的抗剪强度指标。

Fatty Acid Profiles of Livers from Two Marine Fishes Inhabiting Sudanese Red Sea Coast

Fish livers a good source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega 3, are usually discarded as a waste when fish are processed for human consumption in Sudan. Highly fresh Triaenodon obesus and Hipposcarus harid fish were purchased from Port Sudan fish central market during December 2014. The fatty acid profiles of the livers of these commercially important fish were determined. The polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids ratio in the livers oil of T. obesus and H. harid was 1:2.2 and 1:1.38, respectively. The Palmatic (16:0), Pentadecenoic (12:0) and Arachidic acids were the highest in both species. The poly chain unsaturated fatty acids Linolenic (18:3n - 3), Eicosapentaenoic (20:5n - 3) and Docosahexaenoic (22:6n - 3) were detected in the liver of both species. The highest values of above poly chain unsaturated fatty acids were detected in T. obesus.

Lipids and Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Edible Red and Black Ants

Total lipid contents,lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of hot-air dried edible black ants（Polyrhachis vicina Roger） from Wenzhou and Guizhou,China,and edible red ant（Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius） from Thailand were determined.The major lipid components were triacylglycerol（43.4-79.4% of total lipid）,followed by phospholipids（6.1-21.5%）,diacylglycerol（6.1-18.1%） and cholesterol ester（4.9-13.5%） while free fatty acids（1.8-2.9%） and sterol（0.5-0.8%） were the minor components.Oleic acid（C18：1） was the most predominant fatty acid,accounting for 3 407.8,9 098.8 and 3 790.1 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Followed by palmitic acid（C16：0）,922.9,2 523.3 and 1 511.8 mg 100 g-1;linoleic acid（C18：2n-6）,133.7,305.2 and 506.4 mg 100 g-1;α-linolenic acid（C18：3n-3）,35.1,138.0 and 52.5 mg 100 g-1;eicosapentaenoic acid（C20：5n-3） was 19.1,15.0 and 20.0 mg 100 g-1 in Wenzhou and Guizhou black ants,and Thai red ant,respectively.Docosapentaenoic acid（C22：5n-3） was only found in black ants,7.0 and 7.3 mg 100 g-1 for Wenzhou and Guizhou ants,respectively.The edible black and red ants were shown to be a good source of unsaturated fatty acid.

The Case Report on the Effectiveness of Infrared Light on Acid Burn Victim

Burn injuries are common in Pakistan. However, most people are reluctant to have infrared treatment for their wounds. This study investigated the efficacy of infrared treatment on burn wounds. The procedure involved a burn victim who had sustained acid burns to the neck and face. Nectrotomy was done to remove dead tissue from the burn wound, and after treatment, Low-Level Light was used to reduce pain and enhance healing in the patient. Initial results showed mild hypertrophic scars, no stiffness. Post-operation therapy included physical training regimens and massage. The patient showed satisfactory results and felt less tightness in neck movements by the following treatment. The article concludes by showing that infrared light promoted repair and regrowth at a cellular level.