King's College criteria and the Clichy-Villejuif criteria require adjustments for assessing acute liver failure due to yellow fever

BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a severe condition characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function in individuals without preexisting liver disease.Liver transplantation(LT)is the most impactful treatment.Yellow fever(YF)is an infectious disease that primarily affects the liver and has a high mortality rate.However,LT can be a viable option for treating rare cases with extensive liver involvement.However,the criteria for assessing the severity of ALF and determining the indications for transplantation have not been specifically validated for cases caused by YF.AIM To present necessary adjustments to established scoring systems for ALF secondary to YF.METHODS This was an observational,retrospective,single-center study.Fourteen consecutive patients with confirmed ALF due to YF were monitored in the intensive care unit by a specialized liver transplant team during a three-month epidemic outbreak in Brazil.During hospitalization,general supportive therapeutic measures were implemented,and the patients were regularly assessed using the King's College criteria and the Clichy-Villejuif criteria to determine the severity of liver failure.LT is considered a viable measure for patients with signs of end-stage liver failure.RESULTS Eight of 14(57%)patients developed severe neurological alterations within the first 96 hours after hospital admission.Four patients underwent emergency LT,and despite a moderate viral infection of the graft after transplantation,the 5-year survival rate was 50%.Although the King's College criteria and the Clichy-Villejuif criteria are the main scoring systems for ALF,they are insufficient for predicting the risk of mortality in this context,primarily because of low serum bilirubin levels in the final stage of the disease and significant disparities between coagulation abnormalities and patient severity.CONCLUSION To ensure good applicability in cases of YF-induced ALF,the authors suggest adaptations to the King's College and Clichy-Villejuif criteria.

Coal-rock gas:Concept,connotation and classification criteria

In recent years,great breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of natural gas in deep coal-rock reservoirs in Junggar,Ordos and other basins in China.In view of the inconsistency between the industrial and academic circles on this new type of unconventional natural gas,this paper defines the concept of"coal-rock gas"on the basis of previous studies,and systematically analyzes its characteristics of occurrence state,transport and storage form,differential accumulation,and development law.Coal-rock gas,geologically unlike coalbed methane in the traditional sense,occurs in both free and adsorbed states,with free state in abundance.It is generated and stored in the same set of rocks through short distance migration,occasionally with the accumulation from other sources.Moreover,coal rock develops cleat fractures,and the free gas accumulates differentially.The coal-rock gas reservoirs deeper than 2000 m are high in pressure,temperature,gas content,gas saturation,and free-gas content.In terms of development,similar to shale gas and tight gas,coal-rock gas can be exploited by natural formation energy after the reservoirs connectivity is improved artificially,that is,the adsorbed gas is desorbed due to pressure drop after the high-potential free gas is recovered,so that the free gas and adsorbed gas are produced in succession for a long term without water drainage for pressure drop.According to buried depth,coal rank,pressure coefficient,reserves scale,reserves abundance and gas well production,the classification criteria and reserves/resources estimation method of coal-rock gas are presented.It is preliminarily estimated that the coal-rock gas in place deeper than 2000 m in China exceeds 30×10^(12)m^(3),indicating an important strategic resource for the country.The Ordos,Sichuan,Junggar and Bohai Bay basins are favorable areas for large-scale enrichment of coal-rock gas.The paper summarizes the technical and management challenges and points out the research directions,laying a foundation for the management,exploration,and development of coal-rock gas in China.

Multi-Model Approach for Assessing the Influence of Calibration Criteria on the Water Balance in Ouémé Basin

Hydrological models are very useful tools for evaluating water resources, and the hydroclimatic hazards associated with the water cycle. However, their calibration and validation require the use of performance criteria which choice is not straightforward. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of the performance criteria on water balance components and water extremes using two global rainfall-runoff models (HBV and GR4J) over the Ouémé watershed at the Bonou and Savè outlets. Three (3) Efficacy criteria (Nash, coefficient of determination, and KGE) were considered for calibration and validation. The results show that the Nash criterion provides a good assessment of the simulation of the different parts of the hydrograph. KGE is better for simulating peak flows and water balance elements than other efficiency criteria. This study could serve as a basis for the choice of performance criteria in hydrological modelling.

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria leads to a primary focus on short-term impact. Through current practice, the relatively most neglected diseases will remain so, and a long-term strategy is needed to resolve this.

Local Criteria Used by Farmers to Evaluate the Agronomic Performance and the Fertilizing Capacity of Cowpea Varieties: Diversity, Variability and Proximal Relation with Agronomic Measurements in Contrasted Sahelian Locations

When contributing to participatory research, farmers usually appreciate the performance of cowpea varieties using qualitative scores. The score they attribute to each variety are based on local knowledge. The specific criteria they individually use to attribute a score are not well described. The objectives of this work were to: 1) identify and describe exhaustively the local criteria used by farmers to measure the agronomic performance of cowpea;2) assess the variability and statistical structure of these farmer criteria across local contexts;3) and analyze the association between these farmer criteria and the classical agronomic measurement. To achieve these objectives, an augmented block design was implemented across fifteen locations in the regions of Maradi, Dosso and Tillabéri, representing a diversity of local contexts. From a set of 36 cowpea varieties, fifteen varieties were sown per location, including five varieties (controls) common to all locations. In each location, two replicates were sown in randomized Fisher’s blocks. After agronomic measurement and participatory evaluation (scoring of varieties by farmers), a group survey (focus group) was conducted in each location to identify the criteria considered by farmers to found their discretional scoring of varieties during the participatory evaluation. The analysis of the data identified, across locations, thirteen criteria defined by farmers to characterize the agronomic performance of cowpea. Some of these criteria were different according to location. Farmers ranked the three varieties with the best performance for each agronomical trait (Top 3 varieties). A comparison of the farmer ranking with the ranking based on agronomic measurements revealed similarity and complementary between both methods. This study highlighted the importance of considering both local and scientific knowledge in local varietal evaluations.

Evaluation of AVNRT & AVRT by Different Criteria: Old & New

The two most frequent causes of paroxysmal SVT are atrioventricular tachycardia (AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of traditional and newly proposed ECG criteria in the identification of Avnrt and Avrt. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) and Atrioventricular Re-entrant Tachycardia (AVRT) using both traditional and novel criteria. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) in Dhaka, from February 2019 to January 2020. A total of 62 patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) undergoing electrophysiology study (EPS) were included. Standard ECG criteria were applied for the differential diagnosis, and electrophysiological diagnoses were made using established criteria. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and appropriate tests, was performed using SPSS 23.0. Result: In our study of 62 patients with Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT), we found that 66.1% had AVNRT and 33.9% had AVRT. The mean age in AVNRT was higher than AVRT (41.3 ± 9.7 vs. 38.5 ± 14.3, p = 0.36) with statistically no significant difference, with similar gender distribution between AVNRT and AVRT groups. Classical AVNRT criteria were present in 30.6% of patients, and 45.2% showed a Pseudo R' wave in aVR. Additionally, 30.6% had an RP interval ≥100ms, more prevalent in AVRT patients (66.7%). Conclusion: Integrating traditional and novel criteria, including lead aVR analysis, enhances the electrocardiographic diagnosis of AVNRT and AVRT, offering a pathway to refined patient care.

基于Beers Criteria 2023 评估我院门诊老年患者潜在不适当用药现状

目的评估我院门诊老年患者潜在不适当用药(PIM)的发生情况,分析影响因素,探讨如何促进老年合理用药。方法收集常州市第一人民医院2023年5月~2023年7月,年龄65~99岁门诊患者处方,按照Beers Criteria 2023对患者的用药进行分析,采用二元logistic回归模型分析发生PIM的影响因素。结果最终筛选出24217例患者,男11823例,占比48.8%,女12394例,占比51.2%。疾病数量、用药种类、年龄为PIM发生的危险因素,就诊科室数为保护因素(P<0.05)。结论Beers Criteria 2023检出PIM率为20.37%,临床药师应结合临床,减少用药种类以减少老年患者PIM的发生率,对必需使用导致PIM药物治疗的老年患者应加强监测并个体化用药,保证老年患者用药安全。

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Techniques to Derive Flood Risks Management on Rice Productivity in Gishari Marshland

Floods are phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications mainly for human loss, agriculture, livestock, soil loss and land degradation, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies by analyzing their temporal and spatial development. This study therefore attempts to employ the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniques to derive the flood risks management on rice productivity in the Gishari Agricultural Marshland in Rwamagana district, Rwanda. Here, six influencing potential factors to flooding, including river slope, soil texture, Land Use Land Cover through Land Sat 8, rainfall, river distance and Digital Elevation Model are considered for the delineation of flood risk zones. Data acquisition like Landsat 8 images, DEM, land use land cover, slope, and soil class in the study area were considered. Results showed that if the DEM is outdated or inaccurate due to changes in the terrain, such as construction, excavation, or erosion, the predicted flood patterns might not reflect the actual water flow. This could result unexpected flood extents and depths, potentially inundating rice fields that were not previously at risk and this, expectedly explained that the increase 1 m in elevation would reduce the rice productivity by 0.17% due to unplanned flood risks in marshland. It was found that the change in rainfall distribution in Gishari agricultural marshland would also decrease the rice productivity by 0.0018%, which is a sign that rainfall is a major factor of flooding in rice scheme. Rainfall distribution plays a crucial role in flooding analysis and can directly impact rice productivity. Oppositely, another causal factor was Land Use Land Cover (LULC), where the Multivariate Logistic Regression Model Analysis findings showed that the increase of one unit in Land Use Land Cover would increase rice productivity by 0.17% of the total rice productivity from the Gishari Agricultural Marshland. Based on findings from these techniques, the Gishari Agricultural Marshlands having steeped land with grassland is classified into five classes of flooding namely very low, low, moderate, high, and very high which include 430%, 361%, 292%, 223%, and 154%. Government of Rwanda and other implementing agencies and major key actors have to contribute on soil and water conservation strategies to reduce the runoff and soil erosion as major contributors of flooding.

Prognostic value of cachexia defined by the Asian Working Group for Cachexia criteria in patients with gastric cancer

Background:The Asian Working Group for Cachexia(AWGC)criteria are newly proposed diagnostic standards specifically designed for Asian populations.This research focused on validating the predictive value of the AWGC criteria for assessing the prognosis and medical burden of patients with gastric cancer.Methods:Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between cachexia and overall survival.Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether there was an independent association between cachexia and the 90-day mortality,the length of stay and the quality of life.Harrell’s concordance index was utilized to demonstrate the discriminative ability of different diagnostic criteria for cachexia.Results:AWGC-defined cachexia was an independent risk factor for a reduced overall survival in patients(HR=1.397,95%CI=1.209–1.615,P<0.001).The predictive accuracy of the AWGC criteria was markedly superior to that of the Fearon criteria(χ2=39.025 vs 13.877).Compared with Fearon standards,the AWGC criteria offered a 2.9%enhancement in clinical benefit(0.029,95%CI=0.048–0.008,P=0.005).Logistic regression analysis showed that only AWGC-defined cachexia was an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality(OR=2.142,95%CI=1.397–3.282,P<0.001)and prolonged hospitalization(OR=1.958,95%CI=1.587–2.416,P<0.001)in patients with gastric cancer,whereas cachexia defined by the Fearon criteria was not.Patients with AWGC-defined cachexia exhibited significant reductions in physical function,role function,emotional function,cognitive function,social functioning,and overall quality-of-life scores.Conversely,cachectic patients showed higher levels of fatigue,nausea and vomiting,pain,dyspnea,sleep disturbance,appetite loss,constipation,and financial difficulties.A multivariate logistic regression showed that patients with AWGC-defined cachexia had a 126.1%increased risk of impaired quality of life(OR=2.261,95%CI=1.859–2.749,P<0.001).Conclusions:The AWGC criteria are an effective tool for predicting adverse survival outcomes,90-day mortality,a prolonged hospital stay,and poorer quality of life in patients with gastric cancer.

Evaluating the Association between Human Papillomavirus and Vulvar Cancer:A Comprehensive Analysis Using Bradford Hill Criteria

Background:The role of human papillomavirus(HPV)in the development of vulvar cancer(VC)has been widely studied,but findings have been inconsistent.Despite numerous meta-analyses exploring the potential link between HPV and VC,the association remains controversial due to inherent limitations in meta-analytic methods.Objectives:To address this controversy,the study aims to investigate the potential link between HPV and VC using the Bradford Hill criteria,which offer a more comprehensive framework for establishing causation.Methodology:The study began by extracting all relevant studies on the association between HPV and VC from the PubMed database.The potential links were then assessed by examining the data using the major postulates of the Bradford Hill criteria.To ensure the reliability of the findings,the methodologies of the identified studies were critically evaluated to account for possible false-negative and false-positive results.Results:The assessment of previous studies against the Bradford Hill criteria revealed that the major postulates were not fulfilled.Conclusion:Based on the findings,it can concluded that there is no causal association between HPV and VC.

Contribution of GIS to Soil Landscape Mapping by Multi-Criteria Analysis Using Weighting: The Case of the Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro (Centre) and Daloa (Centre-West) in Ivory Coast

As part of the drive to improve coffee and cocoa production in Ivory Coast, studies are carried out to identify soils that are favourable for these crops. It is therefore necessary to orientate soil investigations based on reliable criteria that best discriminate soil cover. With this in mind, this study is being carried out to help improve survey methods by mapping soil landscapes. It uses GIS and weighted multicriteria analysis. To do this, satellite images were processed and the geological map of the square degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa was reclassified. The results show that relief is the main factor in soil landscape differentiation, with respective weights of 0.58 and 0.67 for the forest and pre-forest zones. In contrast, the weight of geological formation in soil landscape differentiation remains low (0.05 for the forest zone and 0.07 for the pre-forest zone). The criteria used on the base of aggregation sum methods have made it possible to formulate soil landscape mapping prediction functions according to agro-ecological environments in the humid intertropical zone. This is essential for the orientation of soil survey work. Nevertheless, other comparative methods, such as the coding mapping method, could provide elements for discussion to validate the models.

替雷利珠单抗药物利用评价标准的建立与应用

目的针对替雷利珠单抗建立药物利用评价(drug use evaluation,DUE)标准,对南京医科大学附属南京医院替雷利珠单抗使用情况进行评价,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法根据替雷利单抗药品说明书、临床相关指导原则、诊疗指南和专家共识等,建立替雷利珠单抗DUE标准,依据标准回顾性分析评价2023年1—9月南京医科大学附属南京医院使用替雷利珠单抗的住院病人用药情况。结果替雷利珠单抗DUE标准包含14个指标。纳入96例病人,共使用替雷利珠单抗687次。体力评分、器官功能和实验室指标、给药剂量、给药途径、输注时间、给药频次和疗效评估合理率100%;禁忌证、溶媒种类和用量合理率98.96%;联合用药合理率97.92%;药物相互作用合理率96.88%;给药顺序和时间合理率84.38%;适应证合理率80.21%;不良反应监测与处理合理率39.58%。结论建立并应用替雷利珠单抗DUE标准可发现用药过程中的不合理现象,为临床安全用药提供参考依据。

Multi-Criteria Wildfire Risk Hazard Assessment in GIS Environment: Projection for the Future and Impact on RES Projects Installation Planning

It is alarming for the fact that Wildfires number, severity and consequently impact have significantly increased during the last years, an aftermath of the Climate Change. One of the most affected areas worldwide is Mediterranean, due to the unique combination of its type of vegetation and demanding climatic conditions. This research is focused on the Region of Epirus in Greece, an area with significant natural vegetation and a range of geomorphological aspects. In order to estimate the Wildfire Risk Hazard, several factors have been used: geomorphological (slope, aspect, elevation, TWI, Hydrographic network), social (Settlements and landfils, roads, overhead lines and substations), environmental (land cover) and climatic (Fire Weather Index). Through a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a GIS environment, the Wildfire Risk Hazard has been estimated not only for current conditions but also for future projections for the near future (2031-2060) and the far future (2071-2100). The selected case study includes the potential impact of the Wildfires to the installed (or targeted to be installed) RES projects in the studied region.

具有次线性中立项的二阶微分方程的振动性

为进一步发展和完善微分方程的振动理论,研究一类具有次线性中立项的二阶非线性微分方程的振动性,利用Riccati变换、不等式技巧和分析性质,获得该类方程振动的充分条件.

超高性能混凝土劈拉损伤破坏的声光联合表征

为研究超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的劈拉破坏特征,采用3种不同的加载速率(0.1、0.01、0.001 mm/s)进行劈拉加载,在加载过程中采用数字图像相关(DIC)方法非接触观测裂缝演化,同时结合声发射(AE)技术对UHPC的破坏全过程进行动态监测,并基于DIC应变云图、AE参量分析试件的破坏特征。结果表明,钢纤维的掺入改善了混凝土的脆性,UHPC峰后荷载-位移曲线下降更平缓,没有出现急剧下降的情况;加载速率越高,UHPC测出劈拉强度越高,符合混凝土速率效应规律,加载速率由0.001 mm/s提升到0.01 mm/s和由0.01 mm/s提升到0.1 mm/s,劈拉峰值荷载分别提高了27.9%和28.5%。采用DIC法进行UHPC劈拉试验的变形测量可获得连续的变形数据,能完整地捕捉裂缝的开展过程,证明DIC能很好地反映试件表面裂缝开展演化过程。基于RA-AF值分析可以快捷、有效地判断混凝土中裂缝的开展类型。根据分析结果,UHPC劈拉试验的裂缝类型绝大多数为拉伸裂缝,且随着加载速率的提高,拉伸裂缝占总裂缝的比例提高。

农用车辆导航系统语音控制功能的实现——基于汉语言声学特征

随着先进技术的应用,农用车辆在农业生产中发挥着重要作用。为此,将汉语言声学特征的语音控制应用在农用车辆导航系统中,通过集成讯飞语音云实现安静和嘈杂两种环境下对导航系统的实时控制。实验结果表明:语音识别正确率很高,平均达到了93.17%,具有较高的实用价值和推广价值。

基于IWOA-LSTM算法的预应力钢筋混凝土梁损伤识别

为准确识别桥梁结构的损伤程度,制作了桥梁的关键构件——预应力钢筋混凝土梁,进行三点弯曲加载试验.收集了损伤破坏全过程的声发射(AE)信号,通过AE信号参数分析,将梁的损伤破坏过程划分为4个典型阶段.构建了长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)模型,根据经验设置LSTM模型的超参数容易导致网络陷入局部最优而影响了分类结果,提出采用Sine混沌映射和自适应权重来改进鲸鱼优化算法(WOA),对LSTM进行超参数寻优.设计了IWOA-LSTM算法模型,训练识别试验梁各损伤阶段的AE信号特征参数.定型网络结构,并识别同种工况下其他梁的AE信号.结果表明:IWOA-LSTM算法模型识别准确率均超过或接近92%,相较于普通LSTM模型,IWOA-LSTM模型识别准确率提高了约7%.

经颅磁声电刺激强度对小鼠前额叶皮质网络可塑性的影响

背景:经颅磁声电刺激是一种新型无创的神经调控技术,利用超声波与静磁场耦合作用产生的感应电场调节神经系统的放电活动,但其影响大脑突触可塑性的作用机制研究尚浅。目的:探讨经颅磁声电刺激强度对小鼠前额叶皮质神经网络突触可塑性的影响。方法:①动物实验:将24只C57小鼠平均且随机分为4组,对照组(接受伪刺激)、刺激6.35 W/cm^(2)组(接受0.3 T、6.35 W/cm^(2)的耦合刺激)、刺激17.36 W/cm^(2)组(接受0.3 T、17.36 W/cm^(2)组的耦合刺激)和刺激56.25 W/cm^(2)组(接受0.3 T、56.25 W/cm2的耦合刺激),记录小鼠执行T迷宫过程中局部场电位信号和行为学正确率。②建模仿真实验:构建经颅磁声电刺激小鼠前额叶皮质神经网络模型,分别比较不同刺激强度下神经网络结构连接特性。结果与结论:①经颅磁声电刺激能够有效缩短小鼠行为学习时间,工作记忆能力得到改善(P<0.05),且习得行为后继续刺激小鼠前额叶,各组小鼠T迷宫行为学实验准确度没有明显差异(P>0.1)。分析小鼠前额叶局部场电位信号发现经颅磁声电刺激促进了β节律与γ节律能量增强;而随刺激强度升高,β节律与γ节律出现了非同步性下降;通过β-γ相位幅值耦合发现,刺激增强了神经网络适应新的信息和任务要求的能力变化。②建模仿真发现,刺激使得神经网络放电水平增强,长时程突触权重水平提高而短时程突触权重仅在刺激强度较高时降低。③研究结果表明,不同的刺激强度与神经网络功能结构的影响存在复杂的非线性关系;这种神经调控技术为治疗突触功能障碍和神经网络异常等相关神经疾病方面提供新的可能。

Experiment Study on the Ending Criteria of Charge and Discharge of Nickel-Hydride Battery

Charge and discharge characteristics of Ni/MH batteries are investigated with experiments. During battery’s working, the voltage, capacity, temperature and internal resistance were recorded, corresponding curves were depicted. Variations of the aforementioned four parameters are differently obvious. Ending criteria of charge and discharge of Ni/MH batteries are discussed on the basis of the curves. Voltage, capacity and temperature of a battery can be used as ending criteria during charge. When discharge takes place, voltage, capacity and internal resistance can be chosen as ending criteria. As a whole, capacity is more suitable for being used as ending criteria of charge and discharge than the other three parameters. At last, the capacity of a battery is recommended to be ending criteria of charge and discharge. The conclusions will provide references to different capacity Ni/MH batteries for electric vehicles.

Criteria Condition for Generalized Diagonally Dominant Matrices

In this paper, we provide some new necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized diagonally dominant matrices and also obtain some criteria for nongeneralized dominant matrices.