An Affordable and Easily Accessible Approach for Acrylonitrile Monomer Purification through a Simple Column Technique

This manuscript presents a dataset detailing a method for purifying monomers. Purification plays a crucial role in every chemical process, as it leads to an improvement in product quality through the removal of impurities. The primary method for monomer purification, like acrylonitrile (AN), is the distillation technique. However, this technique is unsafe and hard to set up or handle. A straightforward, risk-free, low-cost method like the column technique resolves these issues. A simple column technique demonstrated the successful execution of purifying AN. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that AN was successfully purified, with purity reaching 99.8%. FTIR spectra revealed changes in the position and intensity of the stretching vibration peaks after purification. Also, the functional groups of the inhibitor monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MeHQ) were undetected after purification. Furthermore, after purification, NMR spectra revealed the absence of aromatic protons and carbons associated with MeHQ. In conclusion, the column technique is a successful and inexpensive way to purify AN monomers. This makes it useful for a wide range of applications, especially in polymerization reactions where MeHQ needs to be removed to prevent self-polymerization during the initiation process.

Electrospinning organic solvent resistant preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)nanofiber membrane and its properties

A high performance preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)(O-PAN)nanofiber membrane with excellent solvent resistance,thermal stability and flexibility was fabricated by the preoxidation of electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane.The performance of resultant O-PAN nanofiber membrane was optimized by altering the PAN concentration and preoxidation temperature.The results showed that the O-PAN nanofiber membrane which made from PAN concentration of 14%(mass)and preoxidation temperature of 250.0
℃ have a more optimal comprehensive performance.In the long-term separation test of SiO2 particle(1 μm)in DMAc suspension,the permeate flux of O-PAN nanofiber membrane stabilized at 227.91 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)(25
℃,0.05 MPa)while the SiO2 rejection above 99.6%,which showed excellent solvent resistance and separation performance.In order to further explore the application of the O-PAN nanofiber membrane,the OPAN nanofiber membrane was treated with fluoride and used in oil/water separation process.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane after hydrophobic treatment showed excellent hydrophobicity and good oil/water separation performance with the permeate flux about 969.59 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)while the separation efficiency above 96.1%.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane exhibited a potential application prospect in harsh environment separation.

Amidoxime-based adsorbents prepared by cografting acrylic acid with acrylonitrile onto HDPE fiber for the recovery of uranium from seawater

An amidoxime-based polymeric adsorbent was prepared by pre-irradiation grafting of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid onto high-density polyethylene fibers using electron beams,followed by amidoximation.Quantitative recovery of uranium was investigated by flow-through experiment using simulated seawater and marine test in natural seawater.The maximum amount of uranium uptake was 2.51 mg/g-ads after 42 days of contact with simulated seawater and 0.13 mg/g-ads for 15 days of contact with natural seawater.A lower uranium uptake in marine test can be attributed to the short adsorption time and the contamination of marine microorganisms and iron.However,the high selectivity toward uranium against vanadium may be beneficial to harvest uranyl ion onto adsorbents and the economic feasibility for recovery of uranium from seawater.

Polymerization of Acrylonitrile Initiated by Di（2，6－di－tert－butyl－4－methylphenoxo） Samarium Complex

The polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by organolanthanide complexes alone is studied for the first time. The effect of polymerization conditions on catalytic activity of the title complex and molecular weight of the polymers produced have been studied.

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxyl-terminated Poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)-epoxy Resin Prepolymers for Fusion-bonded-epoxy Powder Coating

Liquid carboxyl-terminated poly（butadiene-co-acrylonitrile）（CTBN）-epoxy resin（EP） prepolymers were prepared with different contents of CTBN.The chemical reactions between EP and CTBN were characterized by Fourier ransform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography（GPC）.The scanning electron micrograph（SEM） and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA） of curing films showed phase separation,and the rubber particles were finely dispersed in the epoxy matrix.Mechanical properties analysis of curing films showed that impact strength and elongation at break increased significantly upon the addition of CTBN,indicating good toughness of the modified epoxy resins.Thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） showed that the incorporation of CTBN had little effect on the thermal stability of EP.Fusion-bonded-epoxy（FBE） powder coatings modified with CTBN-EP prepolymers were prepared.The experimental results demonstrate the ability of CTBN-EP prepolymers,toughening technology to dramatically enhance the flexibility and impact resistance of FBE coatings without compromising other key properties such as corrosion protection.

Formation and Characteristics of Acrylonitrile/Urea Inclusion Compound

The formation process and composition of the acrylonitrile/urea inclusion compounds （AN/UIC） with different aging times and AN/urea molar feed ratios are studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It is suggested that DSC can determine the guest/host ratio and the heat of decomposition. Meanwhile, the guest/host ratio and heat of decomposition are obtained, which are 1.17 and 5361.53 J/mol, respec- tively. It is suggested AN molecules included in urea canal lattice may be packed flat against each other. It is found that the formation of AN/UIC depends on the aging time. XRD results reveal that once AN molecules enter urea lattice, AN/UIC are formed, which possess the final structure. When AN molecules are sufficient, the length of AN molecular arrays in urea canals increases as aging time prolonging until urea tunnels are saturated by AN.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Polyacrylonitrile-block- poly(methyl acrylate) by RAFT Technique

Polyacrylonitrile-block-poly（methyl acrylate）（P（AN-b-MA）） was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） polymerization employing macro-RAFT agent （PAN-RAFT） as the chain transfer agent and azobis（isobutyronitrile） （AIBN） as the initiator. A linear relationship between ln（[M]0/[M]1） and reaction time was observed. The molecular structure of P（AN-b-MA） was characterized by ^1H-NMR, element analysis, FTIR and SEC. The molecular weight distribution （MWD） was less than 1.40, the Mn could be controled from 0.733 to 4.834×10^4, and the molar content of MA in P（AN-b-MA） were from 15.6 to 75.0 percentage, respectively.

REDUCING NONSELECTIVE PROTEIN ADSORPTION AND CELL ADHESION ON POLYACRYLONITRILE FILMS BY COPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE WITH α-ALLYL GLUCOSIDE

In this work, the surface properties of novel sugar-containing polymers, α-allyl glucoside (AG)/acrylonitrile (AN)copolymers, were studied by contact angle, protein adsorption and cell adhesion measurements. It was found that the contactangle of the copolymer films decreased from 68° to 30° with the increase of AG content in the copolymer. The adsorptionamount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the adhesive macrophage onto the film surface also decreased significantly withincreasing α-allyl glucoside content from 0 to 42 wt% in the copolymer. These preliminary results reveal that both thehydrophilicity and the biocompatibility of polyacrylonitrile-based membranes could be improved by copolymerizin gacrylonitrile with vinyl carbohydrates.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BASED ON ACRYLONITRILE/N-[4-(AMINOSULFONYL)PHENYL]ACRYLAMIDE COPOLYMERS

Acrylonitrile/N-[4-（aminosulfonyl）phenyl]acrylamide （AN/ASPAA） copolymers were synthesized and used as a host of lithium ion conducting electrolytes. The composition, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of AN/ASPAA copolymers were determined, and the influence of copolymer composition on the glass temperature of AN/ASPAA copolymers and the ion conductivity of electrolytes were investigated. The molecular weights of AN/ASPAA copolymers were lower than those of AN and ASPAA homopolymers due to the cross-termination reaction. The glass temperatures of AN/ASPAA copolymers increased as the molar fraction of ASPAA units in copolymers increased. The lithium ion conductivities of the polymer electrolytes increased initially as the molar fraction of ASPAA units in copolymers increased, and a maximum conductivity was achieved when the molar fraction of ASPAA in the copolymer was 16.8%.

Performance of CTBN(carboxyl-terminated poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile))-EP(diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)) Prepolymers and CTBN-EP/polyetheramine (PEA) System

CTBN-EP prepolymers were synthesized from CTBN and epoxy resin under the catalysis of HTMAB. FTIR analyses indicate the formation of ester group between the carboxyl group of CTBN and the oxirane group of epoxy resin. The viscosity of modified prepolymer increases with CTBN content increasing, but the epoxy value of the prepolymer decreases greatly. DSC analyses verify that CTBN affects the curing process of CTBN-EP/PEA system. Mechanical testing presents the improved toughness of CTBN-EP/PEA curings for the decrease of tensile strength, flexural strength and compressive strength, and increase of impact strength and elongation-at-break with the CTBN content increasing. SEM micrographs show the rubber phase with many holes in diameter about 0.5-1.5 μm is formed when CTBN content is lower than 10 phr. However, the pattern of SEM graph shows some stalactite-like strips when CTBN content is higher than 15 phr. Furthermore, the SEM image of 25 phr CTBN sample forms a kind of co-continuous structure.

A New Quenching Process and Tower to Improve the Recovery of Acrylonitrile

Quenching process and design of the quenching tower in acrylonitrile production in China were studied in order to decrease the polymerization loss of acrylonitrile in the quenching tower. Based on the research of acrylonitrile polymerization in the quenching tower, a new quenching process was proposed to avoid the disadvantages of the original process. Two kinds of internals were installed to improve the performance of the quenching tower. Through a series of air-flow and real-flow model experiments, the new quenching process and new design were showed to be successful in enhancing the mass and heat transfer in the vapor-liquid system and decreasing the loss of acrylonitrile.Industrial application showed satisfactory results of decrease of the acrylonitrile loss in the quenching tower by about 4.5% and increase of the acrylonitrile recovery of the whole plant by more than 4%.

Synthesis and Characterization of Proton-conducting Polymer Electrolytes Based on Acrylonitrile-Styrene Sulfonic Acid Copolymer/Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposltes

Acrylonitrile-sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites were prepared by in situ aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile （AN） and sodium styrene sulfonate （SSS） in the presence of 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxides （MgA1-VBS LDHs） and transferred to acrylonitrile-styrene sulfonic acid （AN-SSA） copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites as a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte. MgA1-VBS LDHs were prepared by a coprecipitation method, and the structure and composition of MgAl-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction result of AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites indicated that the LDHs layers were well dispersed in the AN-SSS copolymer matrix. All the AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites showed significant enhancement of the decomposition temperatures compared with the pristine AN-SSS copolymer, as identified by the thermogravimetric analysis. The methanol crossover was decreased and the proton conductivity was highly enhanced for the AN-SSA copolymer/LDHs nanocomposite electrolyte systems. In the case of the nanocomposite electrolyte containing 2% （by mass） LDHs, the proton conductivity of 2.60×10^- 3 S·m^-1 was achieved for the polymer electrolyte.

Adsorption of Acrylonitrile on Some Soils and Minerals from Aqueous Solutions

Equilibrium and kinetic studies have been made on the adsorption of acrylonitrile(CH2= CHCN) on three soils and four minerals from aqueous solutions. It was shown that the organic matter was the major factor affecting the adsorption process in the soils. The conformity of the equilibrium data to linear type(one soil) and Langmuir type(two soils) isotherms indicated that different mechanisms were involved in the adsorption. This behavior appears to be related to the hydrophobicity of soil organic matter due to their composition and E4/ E6 ratio of humic acids. The adsorption kinetics were also different among the soils, indicating the difference in porosity of organic matter among the soils, and the kinetics strongly affected the adsorption capacity of soils for acrylonitrile.Acrylonitrile was slightly adsorbed from aqueous solutions on pyrophyllite with electrically neutral and hydrophobic nature, and practically not on montmorillonite and kaolinite saturated with Ca. However, much higher adsorption occurred on the zeolitized coal ash, probably caused by high organic carbon content(1 07g/ kg).

Leaching of the residue from the dry off-gas de-dusting and desulfurization process of an iron ore sinter plant

The residue from a second-stage dry sinter plant off-gas cleaning process contains both the fine dust from the sinter plant and the sorbent used. Recycling of the material that is usually handled by landfills to the sinter plant feed is not possible because of its chloride con- tent. Leaching of the chlorides allow the recycling of remaining solids. The saline leachate produced contains some heavy metals and must be treated before it is discharged into the sea. In laboratory experiments, leaching tests with the subsequent treatment of the leachate were con- ducted. After the process was optimized, all heavy-metal concentrations were below the permissible values. The optimum treatment condi- tions for heavy-metal precipitation were observed to be the filtration of the suspended solids followed by the dosing of liquid with lime milk （pH 10） and the subsequent precipitation using sodium sulfide.

Phase Partition of Acrylonitrile(AN)in Vinylidene Chloride(VDC)/Water System and Its Effect on VDC-AN Copolymer Composition

Phase partition of acrylonitrile in the vinylidene chloride/water system at different temperature and under pressure was studied. A calculation method for average VDC-AN copolymer composition with AN phase partition considered was proposed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data nearly the entire conversion range. VDC-AN copolymer with narrower composition distribution can be prepared in the suspension process and interpreted with dynamic equilibrium of AN between the oil and water phases continuously.

Study of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Palm Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composite

Palm fiber (PF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite matrix was prepared by employing Injection Moulding Machine (IMM). Palm fiber was collected from ten different trees of different age group from Comilla region in Bangladesh. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt% (5%, 10% and 20%) of fiber contents. The mechanical (tensile strength, flexural stress, micro hardness, Leeb’s rebound hardness) and physical (bulk density and water absorption) properties were measured. The observed result reveals that the tensile strength (TS) and flexural stress (FS) were decreased with increasing fiber contents in the PF-ABS composites except 10% fiber content.

Effect of Methyl Methacrylate– Acrylonitrile -Butadiene–Styrene (MABS) on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly Ash Cenospheres (FAC) Filled Composites

With the advent of plastics and the wide range of fillers that are available have made modifications as precise as the tailored resins themselves. To modify the properties of polymer either by using fillers or by preparation of polymer blends gives rise to new materials with tailored properties. More complex, three-component systems, obtained by the addition of polymeric modifier to polymer filled composites may be of interest. Use of Fly ash cenospheres is very attractive because it is inexpensive and its use can reduce the environmental pollution to a significant extent. In the present study, Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA)-Fly ash cenospheres composites were prepared using extrusion followed by Injection molding. The effect of matrix modification with Methyl methacrylate– acrylonitrile -butadiene–styrene (MABS) on the performance of PMMA- Fly ash cenospheres compositions was also, studied. It was found that with the addition of Fly ash cenospheres particulate as filler in PMMA showed marginal reduction in Tensile Strength, % Elongation and Impact strength and improvement in Flexural Strength, Heat Deflection Temperature and Vicat Softening Point. Compared with PMMA-cenospheres composites, the notched Impact Strength of the PMMA/MABS/cenospheres composites showed marginal enhancement in values at higher loading of cenospheres. The optimum performances in mechanical and thermal properties were obtained when the ratio of MABS to cenospheres was 1:2.

The Effects of Build Parameters and Strain Rate on the Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

In this paper, the effects of build parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) are investigated. Full factorial experimental design incorporating a 2-level, 3-factor design with raster angle, layer thickness and interior fill style was carried out. Tensile tests were performed at four different strain rates to determine how the build parameters influence the mechanical properties of the 3-D printed ABS and to assess its strain rate sensitivity under quasi-static loading. It was found that the modulus of toughness of ABS material is most influenced by raster angle, while the interior fill style is the most dominant build parameter that dictates the specimen’s modulus of resilience, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. At all strain rates, it is further revealed that higher mean values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of resilience were obtained when the interior fill style is solid as opposed to high density. This can be attributed to the denser structure and higher effective cross-sectional area in solid interior fill style in comparison with high density interior fill style. However, the influence of the layer thickness on the investigated mechanical properties was found to be inconsistent. It was noted that specimens built with both 0.254 mm layer thickness and the cross [0°/90°] raster angle had superior mechanical properties when compared to those built with the 0.3302 mm layer thickness and cross [0°/90°] raster angle. This suggests that there is a key interaction between the layer thickness and the raster angle. At any FDM build parameter, it was found that all the mechanical properties investigated in this work exhibited modest sensitivity to strain rates. This study has provided a platform for an appropriate selection of build parameters combinations and strain rates for additive manufacturing of 3D-printed ABS with improved mechanical properties.

Continuous determination of bath carbon content on 150tBOF by off-gas analyzer

The first imported off-gas analysis system on 150 t BOF at Benxi Plates Co.Ltd. is presented and the continuous determination of bath carbon content has been studied. Thecomparison between the whole-course carbon integral model and the end-point carbon prediction modelhas been made. The results show that the regular change of CO, CO_2 and N_2 content in the off-gasduring blowing plays an important role in judging the smelting end-point of converter; the cubiccurve fitting model has a higher hit rate over 95 percent for the heats whose end-point carboncontent is lower than 0.10 percent with a precision of +-0.02 percent and has a large error for theheats whose end-point carbon content is more than 0.15 percent.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Acrylonitrile Copolymer Containing Glucose Pendants

In this work, a novel sugar-containing copolymer was synthesized by the copolymerization of a-allyl glucoside (AG) with acrylonitrile (AN). The copolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. It was found that acrylonitrile-based copolymers containing as high as 22wt.% of a-allyl glucoside can be synthesized by the free radical solution copolymerization of the two monomers in DMSO with AIBN as initiator.