Study of microstructure and flexural properties of microcellular acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposite foams: experimental results

In this paper, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） nanocomposite foams are produced using carbon dioxide through the solid-state batch process. Microcellular closed-cell foams are produced with the relative density ranging from 0.38 to 0.97. The effects of the processing conditions on the density, morphology, and flexural properties of ABS and its nanocomposite foams are studied. It is found that nanoclay particles, as nucleating sites, play an important role in reducing the size of cells and increasing their number in the unit volume of foamed polymer, as well as increasing the flexural modulus of foam through reinforcing its matrix.

Structures and Properties Characterization of Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene /Organo-palygorskite Clay Composites

Palygorskite （PGS） and vinyl tris-（2-methoxyethoxy） silane （KH-172） modified palygorskite （OPGS） were used to prepare acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS）/clay composites. Thermal stability of the composites was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The morphology of the fractured surface and the degree of dispersion of the clay in the ABS matrix were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis results showed the variation of the crystal structure. Measurements of the tensile properties of the ABS/clay composites proved that the ABS/OPGS composited material represented the most excellent tensile property, because of good compatibility and dispersion of ABS with OPGS.

PHASE SEPARATION BEHAVIOR OF ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE COPOLYMER INDUCED BY SURFACES OF VARIOUS POLYMERS

This paper reports the phase separation behavior of ABS films cast on the surfaces of homopelymers or random copolymers.It is found that phase separation of ABS films was induced by the surfaces of the substrate polymers.The relationship between the miscibility of the sub- strate polymers and the phase separation behavior of ABS films was also examined.

基于ABS/废旧NBR胶粉热塑性弹性体的制备及性能

采用熔融共混法制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)/废旧NBR胶粉(WNBRP)复合体系,以氯化聚乙烯(CPE)为增容剂改善其界面相容性,研究了CPE用量对其力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,CPE可显著改善ABS/WNBRP复合体系的综合性能,且CPE含量为18份时,综合力学性能最佳;基体中CPE的存在,一方面可以增强ABS与WNBRP的界面相容性,另一方面可以提高基体ABS的塑性变形能力;FE-SEM研究表明,与ABS/WNBRP复合体系相比,增容TPE的断面形貌较为平整,界面结合较好,力学性能提升显著。

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LOW CYCLE FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN PC/ABS POLYMER BLENDS

Low cycle fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of two PC/ABSblends with a weight ra- tio of PC to ABS being 80/20 and 60/40,respectively, is investigated. Experiments are carried out by usingstandard compact tension (CT) specimens. The fracture surfaces areexamined with a scanning electron mi- croscope (SEM). It is shownthat the FCP resistance of PC/ABS blend with 20/100 ABS particles ishigher than that of PC/ABS blend with 40/100 ABS particles. It isfound that proper ABS particle content can result in the tougheningof PC/ABS blends through particle cavitation and shear yielding inmatrix.

Volatile Substances in Polymer Toys Made from Butadiene and Styrene

The residual levels and migration behavior of volatile substances were detected using HS-GC/MS for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) toys, thermoplastic elastomer toys, and rubber toys made from 1,3-butadiene and styrene found on the Japanese market. The maximum residual level of these volatile substances was 2600 μg/g of styrene in ABS toys. In particular, the levels of known carcinogens 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrylonitrile are 5.3, 2.5 and 55 μg/g, which are much lower than the EU limit of 0.1%. Furthermore, some volatile substances migrated from ABS toys into water in amounts of 3 -40 ng/mL. Thermoplastic elastomer toys and rubber toys contained these volatile substances at significantly lower levels than ABS toys.

Effects of ABS-g-MAH on the properties of Nylon 6/ABS alloy

The alloy of Nylon 6/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） was used for a compatibilizer to generate the maleic anhydride （ABS-g-MAH）, in which the proportion of PA6/ABS is 90/10. The results of the mechanical tests show that when the content of ABS-g-MAH is 20 %, the impact strength of the alloy with the compatibilizer increased by around 41%, compared with that of the PA6/ABS alloy; Besides, the tensile strength has been significantly improved. Furthermore, in accordance with the dynamic mechanical analysis, a relaxation temperature of Nylon 6 has raised from 70 ℃ to 110 ℃with the addition of ABS and ABS-g-MAH; moreover, and the obvious relaxations of β and 7 occur at about 60 ℃ and - 60 ℃, respec- tively. It can be seen from the scanning electron microscope （SEM） photographs that the compatibility has been improved through the addition of ABS-g-MAH. The water absorption of Nylon 6 has also been improved by the addition of ABS and ABS-g-MAH. When the content of ABS-g-MAH is 10%, the water absorption of the alloy will fall by 50%.

FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION FOR YIELD STRESS OF HARD POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)/ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE BLENDS AT DIFFERENT CROSSHEAD SPEEDS

Hard poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC）/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） blends were prepared using injection- molding and influence of crosshead speed on mechanical properties was examined. Based on morphology parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy photography and the material parameters from true stress-strain curves of neat PVC and ABS, yield stresses of the blends at different crosshead speeds were simulated employing a two-dimensional nine-particle model based on the finite element analysis （FEA）. The FEA results were compared with the experimental yielding stress and the good agreement validated the simulation approach. The FEA approach allowed establishing a yielding criterion related to local yielding of the interstitial matrix between ABS particles.

Investigation of tensile deformation behavior of PC, ABS, and PC/ABS blends from low to high strain rates

This paper experimentally studies the tensile deformation behavior of poly- carbonate （PC）, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS）, and PC/ABS blends （with the blending ratios of PC to ABS being 80：20, 60：40, 50：50, and 40：60） from low to high strain rates. Using the universal MTS-810 machine and the split Hopkinson tension bar （SHTB） testing system, the quasi-static and impact tension tests are carried out at the room temperature. The curves of the true stress and the true strain are obtained. The deformation behaviors of PC, ABS, and PC/ABS blends are characterized in detail. The linear relationship between the strain rate and the yielding stress is given.

Electrospinning of ABS nanofibers and their high filtration performance

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)is a commercial polymer for widely industrial applications due to its good mechanical and physical properties.However,there are only countable reports regarding its fibers from electrospinning.Comprehensive investigation on its optimized electrospinning parameters is missing.Herein,ABS fibers with different fiber diameters were produced by electrospinning.The electrospinning conditions,including the solvents,solution concentrations and amounts of different salt additives,have been comprehensively investigated.The morphologies of electrospun ABS fibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.Different fiber diameters and coating densities are applied for filtration applications,which showed excellent filtration performance.The filtration efficiency of up to 99%,low pressure drop of<30 Pa,and high filtration quality factor of up to 0.477 are achieved from the electrospun ABS fibers coated on microfibrous polypropylene substrates.In addition,the electrospun ABS fibers also shows good thermal stability and other applications such as oil/water separation.

A Study of Melt Flow Analysis of an ABS-Iron Composite in Fused Deposition Modelling Process

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament based rapid prototyping system which offers the possibility of introducing new composite material for the FDM process as long as the new material can be made in feedstock filament form. Swinburne has been undertaking extensive research in development of new composite materials involving acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and other materials including metals. In order to predict the behaviour of new ABS based composite materials in the course of FDM process, it is necessary to investigate the flow of the composite material in liquefier head. No such study is available considering the geometry of the liquefier head. This paper presents 2-D and 3-D numerical analysis of melt flow behaviour of a representative ABS-iron composite through the 90-degree bent tube of the liquefier head of the fused deposition modelling process using ANSYS FLOTRAN and CFX finite element packages. Main flow parameters including temperature, velocity, and pressure drop have been investigated. Filaments of the filled ABS have been fabricated and characterized to verify the possibility of prototyping using the new material on the current FDM machine. Results provide promising information in developing the melt flow modelling of metal-plastic composites and in optimising the FDM parameters for better part quality with such composites.