From the perspective of theoretical analysis,based on the annotation of ancient doctors on the theory of"acting according to time,"this article puts forward the view of "time";that is,the impact of...From the perspective of theoretical analysis,based on the annotation of ancient doctors on the theory of"acting according to time,"this article puts forward the view of "time";that is,the impact of the social environment on the occurrence and development of diseases.In addition,it points out that the characteristics of modem diseases are of"multiple heat syndromes and multiple repletion pattern."Based on this characteristic,the use of heat-clearing drugs in the clinical stage would have a good eflect.It has been suggested that contemporary doctors should not only inherit the theories from predecessors,but also think diligently and innovate bravely along with the current environment in order to ensure that the theories ofTCM are constantly full of vitality to better serve the clinical aspect.展开更多
Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) regardless of the etiology of cirrhosis. Compared to individuals who are antihepatitis C virus(HCV) seronegative, anti-HCV seropositive ind...Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) regardless of the etiology of cirrhosis. Compared to individuals who are antihepatitis C virus(HCV) seronegative, anti-HCV seropositive individuals have a greater mortality from both hepatic as well as nonhepatic disease processes. The aim of this paper is do describe the burden of HCV infection and consider treatment strategies to reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality. The newly developed direct acting antiviral(DAA) therapies are associated with greater rates of drug compliance, fewer adverse effects, and appear not to be limited by the presence of a variety of factors that adversely affect the outcome of interferon-based therapies. Because of the cost of the current DAA, their use has been severely rationed by insurers as well as state and federal agencies to those with advanced fibrotic liver disease(Metavir fibrosis stage F3-F4). The rationale for such rationing is that many of those recognized as having the disease progress slowly over many years and will not develop advanced liver disease manifested as chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and experience any of the multiple complications of liver disease to include HCC. This mitigation has a short sided view of the cost of treatment of hepatitis C related disease processes and ignores the long-term expenses of hepatitis C treatment consisting of the cost of treatment of hepatitis C, the management of cirrhosis with or without decompensation as well as the cost of treatment of HCC and liver transplantation. We believe that treatment should include all HCV infected patients including those with stage F0-F2 fibrosis with or without evidence of coexisting liver disease. Specifically, interferon(IFN)-free regimens with the current effective DAAs without liver staging requirements and including those without evidence of hepatic diseases but having recognized extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection is projected to be the most cost-effective approach for treating HCV in all of its varied presentations. Early rather than later therapy of HCV infected individuals would be even more efficacious than waiting particularly if it includes all cases from F0-F4 hepatic disease. Timely therapy will reduce the number of individuals developing advanced liver disease, reduce the cost of treating these cases and more importantly, reduce the lifetime cost of treatment of those with any form of HCV related disease as well as HCV associated all- cause mortality. Importantly, HCV treatment regimens without any restrictions would result in a substantial reduction in health care expenditure and simultaneously reduce the number of infected individuals who are infecting others.展开更多
Pollution brought by rural domestic sewage has become increasingly serious, so it is imperative to fi gure out economical and efficient solutions. On the basis of comparison between rural domestic sewage treatment mea...Pollution brought by rural domestic sewage has become increasingly serious, so it is imperative to fi gure out economical and efficient solutions. On the basis of comparison between rural domestic sewage treatment means in China and abroad, actual conditions of countryside, current situation and features of domestic sewage, this paper adopted the compound ecological wetland system consisting of anaerobic and aerobic units, ecological floating bed and artifi cial wetland, so as to remove nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently, achieve the goal of low operation and construction cost and less land use.展开更多
文摘From the perspective of theoretical analysis,based on the annotation of ancient doctors on the theory of"acting according to time,"this article puts forward the view of "time";that is,the impact of the social environment on the occurrence and development of diseases.In addition,it points out that the characteristics of modem diseases are of"multiple heat syndromes and multiple repletion pattern."Based on this characteristic,the use of heat-clearing drugs in the clinical stage would have a good eflect.It has been suggested that contemporary doctors should not only inherit the theories from predecessors,but also think diligently and innovate bravely along with the current environment in order to ensure that the theories ofTCM are constantly full of vitality to better serve the clinical aspect.
文摘Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) regardless of the etiology of cirrhosis. Compared to individuals who are antihepatitis C virus(HCV) seronegative, anti-HCV seropositive individuals have a greater mortality from both hepatic as well as nonhepatic disease processes. The aim of this paper is do describe the burden of HCV infection and consider treatment strategies to reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality. The newly developed direct acting antiviral(DAA) therapies are associated with greater rates of drug compliance, fewer adverse effects, and appear not to be limited by the presence of a variety of factors that adversely affect the outcome of interferon-based therapies. Because of the cost of the current DAA, their use has been severely rationed by insurers as well as state and federal agencies to those with advanced fibrotic liver disease(Metavir fibrosis stage F3-F4). The rationale for such rationing is that many of those recognized as having the disease progress slowly over many years and will not develop advanced liver disease manifested as chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and experience any of the multiple complications of liver disease to include HCC. This mitigation has a short sided view of the cost of treatment of hepatitis C related disease processes and ignores the long-term expenses of hepatitis C treatment consisting of the cost of treatment of hepatitis C, the management of cirrhosis with or without decompensation as well as the cost of treatment of HCC and liver transplantation. We believe that treatment should include all HCV infected patients including those with stage F0-F2 fibrosis with or without evidence of coexisting liver disease. Specifically, interferon(IFN)-free regimens with the current effective DAAs without liver staging requirements and including those without evidence of hepatic diseases but having recognized extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection is projected to be the most cost-effective approach for treating HCV in all of its varied presentations. Early rather than later therapy of HCV infected individuals would be even more efficacious than waiting particularly if it includes all cases from F0-F4 hepatic disease. Timely therapy will reduce the number of individuals developing advanced liver disease, reduce the cost of treating these cases and more importantly, reduce the lifetime cost of treatment of those with any form of HCV related disease as well as HCV associated all- cause mortality. Importantly, HCV treatment regimens without any restrictions would result in a substantial reduction in health care expenditure and simultaneously reduce the number of infected individuals who are infecting others.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41263006,2014BAC04B02)Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20124ACB01200,20122BBG70086,20113BCB24017,20133ACF60005,20123BBF61150)Program of Jiangxi Academy of Science(JAS(2013)NO.19-06,2012-YYB-01,2013-XTPH1-14,2013H003)
文摘Pollution brought by rural domestic sewage has become increasingly serious, so it is imperative to fi gure out economical and efficient solutions. On the basis of comparison between rural domestic sewage treatment means in China and abroad, actual conditions of countryside, current situation and features of domestic sewage, this paper adopted the compound ecological wetland system consisting of anaerobic and aerobic units, ecological floating bed and artifi cial wetland, so as to remove nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently, achieve the goal of low operation and construction cost and less land use.
