背景:随着全民健身活动的广泛开展,夜间运动健身逐渐成为一种社会潮流,然而夜间运动对睡眠会产生什么影响,其变化特征和作用机制尚不明确。目的:探析夜间运动影响睡眠的变化特征及作用机制。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed和Web of Sc...背景:随着全民健身活动的广泛开展,夜间运动健身逐渐成为一种社会潮流,然而夜间运动对睡眠会产生什么影响,其变化特征和作用机制尚不明确。目的:探析夜间运动影响睡眠的变化特征及作用机制。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,以“体育,运动,身体活动,体力活动,锻炼,睡眠,睡觉,作息”为中文检索词,以“nocturnality,night,nighttime,exercise,sport,physical activity,sleep,slumber,dorm”为英文检索词,筛选夜间运动影响睡眠变化及作用机制的相关文献,最终纳入55篇文献。结果与结论:①睡眠包括快速眼动和非快速眼动2个时相,睡眠调控依靠不同脑区神经回路及分子的紧密协调,同时机体稳态成分和昼夜节律也是调控睡眠的重要因素;②运动对睡眠的影响从早期关注中枢神经系统到加入躯体生理学,再到如今多个维度展开研究,发现了运动对睡眠多方面的影响,包括主观睡眠质量、睡眠连续性、睡眠数量与睡眠结构;③夜间运动影响睡眠受运动条件和运动者的制约而表现出一定的复杂性,但夜间运动影响睡眠表现出的异质性、时间依赖性、不稳定性特征能够为夜间运动者减小睡眠影响提供一定的指导;④夜间运动影响睡眠的机制与褪黑素分泌减少、核心体温升高、能量的消耗有关;⑤自身睡眠对夜间运动敏感性高的人应尽量避免夜间运动,敏感性低的人也要注意夜间运动的时间要与睡眠时间有较长间隔,强度也不宜过高,运动后可以采用一些措施来保障睡眠,如运动后补充一些能量、减少使用电子设备等。展开更多
Relying essentially on human data (social structure, demography, population repartitions, migratory movements, agro-pastural activities), the authors, from their studies, note that these regions are an extension of ha...Relying essentially on human data (social structure, demography, population repartitions, migratory movements, agro-pastural activities), the authors, from their studies, note that these regions are an extension of hamlets and other groups. Highlands gather a small population that seems to settle. Responsible human disturbance (clearings, cultures, urbanization, etc.) modified a large part of the actual state of vegetation structures. The results also show that most of the population is concentrated in the main towns. This concentration causes consumption of pre-forest land and rangelands. The average annual extension can sometimes reach 2.4 Ha. Hamlets, home grouping seem to impose a lifestyle approaching that of centers located in the North. At the bioclimatic level, the results show that the cold thermal variations promote contact between woody vegetation and steppe formations with thermal determinism (formation often in xerophytes thorny pads). Droughts often advocate regressive dynamics of these plant formations which are quite degraded. On the other hand, stressing continuity issues related to human actions, the authors present the floristic composition, detailing the botanical plant species including biological and morphological types. The therophyte type predominates in all areas explored and their percentage can reach 73% in the steppe and 49% in Beni-Snous.展开更多
文摘背景:随着全民健身活动的广泛开展,夜间运动健身逐渐成为一种社会潮流,然而夜间运动对睡眠会产生什么影响,其变化特征和作用机制尚不明确。目的:探析夜间运动影响睡眠的变化特征及作用机制。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,以“体育,运动,身体活动,体力活动,锻炼,睡眠,睡觉,作息”为中文检索词,以“nocturnality,night,nighttime,exercise,sport,physical activity,sleep,slumber,dorm”为英文检索词,筛选夜间运动影响睡眠变化及作用机制的相关文献,最终纳入55篇文献。结果与结论:①睡眠包括快速眼动和非快速眼动2个时相,睡眠调控依靠不同脑区神经回路及分子的紧密协调,同时机体稳态成分和昼夜节律也是调控睡眠的重要因素;②运动对睡眠的影响从早期关注中枢神经系统到加入躯体生理学,再到如今多个维度展开研究,发现了运动对睡眠多方面的影响,包括主观睡眠质量、睡眠连续性、睡眠数量与睡眠结构;③夜间运动影响睡眠受运动条件和运动者的制约而表现出一定的复杂性,但夜间运动影响睡眠表现出的异质性、时间依赖性、不稳定性特征能够为夜间运动者减小睡眠影响提供一定的指导;④夜间运动影响睡眠的机制与褪黑素分泌减少、核心体温升高、能量的消耗有关;⑤自身睡眠对夜间运动敏感性高的人应尽量避免夜间运动,敏感性低的人也要注意夜间运动的时间要与睡眠时间有较长间隔,强度也不宜过高,运动后可以采用一些措施来保障睡眠,如运动后补充一些能量、减少使用电子设备等。
文摘Relying essentially on human data (social structure, demography, population repartitions, migratory movements, agro-pastural activities), the authors, from their studies, note that these regions are an extension of hamlets and other groups. Highlands gather a small population that seems to settle. Responsible human disturbance (clearings, cultures, urbanization, etc.) modified a large part of the actual state of vegetation structures. The results also show that most of the population is concentrated in the main towns. This concentration causes consumption of pre-forest land and rangelands. The average annual extension can sometimes reach 2.4 Ha. Hamlets, home grouping seem to impose a lifestyle approaching that of centers located in the North. At the bioclimatic level, the results show that the cold thermal variations promote contact between woody vegetation and steppe formations with thermal determinism (formation often in xerophytes thorny pads). Droughts often advocate regressive dynamics of these plant formations which are quite degraded. On the other hand, stressing continuity issues related to human actions, the authors present the floristic composition, detailing the botanical plant species including biological and morphological types. The therophyte type predominates in all areas explored and their percentage can reach 73% in the steppe and 49% in Beni-Snous.
