SEMI ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL BASED ON A VIBRATION ABSORBER WITH ADJUSTABLE CLEARANCE

Presented in this paper is a semi active vibration control strategy based on the vibration absorber with adjustable clearance in elastic component. The control law of the clearance for alleviating the vibration of primary system is derived by means of harmonic balancing technique so that the working frequency of the vibration absorber can trace the frequency variation of the harmonic excitation. The efficacy of the strategy is demonstrated by numerical simulations for attenuating the steady state vibration of a SDOF system and a 2 DOF system, which are under the harmonic excitation with slowly varied frequency in a wide range.

Numerical Wave Channel with Absorbing Wave-Maker

The numerical wave channel has been developed based on the volume of fluid method (VOF) in conjunction with the Navier-Stokes equations. The absorbing wave-maker boundary on the left side of the channel is presented by prescribing velocity reference to linear wave-maker theory. The principle of which is that the numerical wave-maker is designed to move in a way that generates the required incident wave and cancels out any reflected wave that reach it at the same time. On the right side of the channel, the open boundary is set to permit incident waves to be transmitted freely. The parametric studies have been carried out at a range of ratios of water depth to wave length d/ L from 0.124 to 0.219, with wave height in the front of paddle/water depth ratio (H0 / d) from 0.1 to 0.3. Wave height, wave pressure distribution along the channel and velocity field are obtained for both open boundary condition and reflective boundary condition at the other end of the channel. For a reflective case, it is shown that the absorbing wave-maker is very effective in canceling out the reflected wave that reaches the numerical paddle and highly repeatable waves can be generated.

Research of an Active Tunable Vibration Absorber for Helicopter Vibration Control

Significant structural vibration is an undesirable characteristic in helicopter flight that leads to structural fatigue, poor ride quality for passengers and high acoustic signature. Previous Individual Blade Control (IBC) techniques to reduce these effects have been hindered by electromechanical limitations of piezoelectric actuators. The Smart Spring is an active tunable vibration absorber using IBC approach to adaptively alter the 'structural impedance' at the blade root. In this paper, a mathematical model was developed to predict the response under harmonic excitations. An adaptive notch algorithm was designed and implemented on a TMS320c40 DSP platform. Reference signal synthesis techniques were used to automatically track the shifts in the fundamental vibratory frequency due to variations in flight conditions. Closed-loop tests performed on the proof-of-concept hardware achieved significant vibration suppression at harmonic peaks as well as the broadband reduction in vibration. The investigation verified the capability of the Smart Spring to suppress multiple harmonic components in blade vibration through active impedance control.

Chemical Analysis of Activated Carbon from Bull and Cow Horns Pyrolysis to Be Used as Antidotes

The purpose of this study is to compare the results of chemical analysis of two types of activated from the pyrolysis of bull horn and that of cow. Six samples were used to measure pH, carbon, calcium and to determine adsorbent power. The pH was measured at a temperature of 20˚C using an “ANION 7010 ionomer” pH meter, the carbon (C) content was analyzed using a “EURO EA 3000” analyzer. and the electronic balance: “Sartorius CP-2P”, calcium (Ca) was analyzed using a DFS-8 spectrograph. For the adsorbency test, the 0.15% methylene blue R solution was used. At the end of this study, we found that the activated carbon from the bull horn demonstrated a carbon content that is higher than that of the cow horn (20.79% against 15.63%), activated carbon of cow horn is richer in calcium than that of bull horn (16.27% against 3.69%) and then the pH. The cow horn is higher than that of the bull horn (7.43 versus 6.5). For the adsorbent power, the sample (75% bull horn and 25% cow horn) was recorded with the greatest adsorbent power. Thus, from this study, it can be recommended as an activated carbon antidote to be used for poisonings treatment.

Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

An Irregular Wave Maker of Active Absorption with VOF Method

A numerical irregular wave flume with active absorption of re-reflected waves is simulated by use of volume of fluid （VOF） method. An active ＇absorbing wave-maker based on linear wave theory is set on the left boundary of the wave flume. The progressive waves and the absorbing waves are generated simultaneously at the active wave generating-absorbing boundary. The absorbing waves are generated to eliminate the waves coming back to the generating boundary due to reflection from the outflow boundary and the structures. SIRW method proposed by Frigaard and Brorsen （1995） is used to separate the incident waves and reflected waves. The digital filters are designed based on the surface elevation signals of the two wave gauges. The corrected velocity of the wave-maker paddle is the output from the digital filter in real time. The numerical results of regular and irregular waves by the active absorbing-generating boundary are compared with the numerical results by the ordinary generating boundary to verify the performance of the active absorbing-generator boundary. The differences between the initial incident waves and the estimated incident waves are analyzed.

Novel approach for active vibration control of a flexible missile

This paper investigates the feasibility of using an active dynamic vibration absorber(ADVA) for active vibration control of a flexible missile system through simulation.Based on the principles of a dynamic vibration absorber(DVA),a ring-type ADVA is first designed to attenuate the elastic vibration of the flexible missile,and the design of the active controller adopts the proportional-integral-derivative(PID)control algorithm.The motion equations of a flexible missile with an ADVA,which is subjected to follower thrust at its aft end,are derived using the Lagrangian approach.Taking the minimum of the root mean square(RMS) of the lateral displacement response of the center of mass as the objective function,a genetic algorithm(GA) is used to optimize the parameter of the DVA and PID controller.The numerical calculations show that the ADVA and DVA are effective in suppressing the vibration and provide approximately 41.2% and 17.6% improvement,respectively,compa red with the case of no DVA,The ADVA has better performance than the DVA,When the missile is subjected to follower thrust,the effect of vibration reduction is more effective than the case without follower thrust.It is feasible to reduce vibration and improve the stability of flexible missiles by means of the ADVA.

Effect of Adding Microwave Absorber on Structures and Properties of Hypercoal-Based Activated Carbons

Using lignite-based hypercoal as raw material, KOH as activator and CuO as microwave absorber, we prepared hypercoal-based activated carbons by microwave-assisted activation. The pore structure and the electrochemical performance of the activated carbons were tested, and the effects of adding CuO in the activation reaction process were also investigated. The activated carbons prepared were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specific surface area and mesoporous ratio of the hypercoal-based activated carbon are 1257 m2/g and 55.4%, respectively. When the activated carbons are used as the electrode materials, the specific capacitance reaches 309 F/g in 3 M KOH electrolyte. In comparison with those prepared without CuO absorber, the specific capacitance increases by 11.6%. It was proved that the addition of microwave absorber in microwave-assisted activation was a low-cost method for rapidly preparing activated carbon, and it could effectively promote the development of the pore structure and improve its electrochemical performance.

Effects of Root-Growing Space on Its Absorbing Characteristics

Influences of root-growing space of maize upon root physiological characteristics, nutrient uptake and crop yields were studied under conditions with and without supply of water and N. Results showed that limitation of the root-growing space greatly affected root growth, decreased total root-absorbing area and TTC-reductive amounts. However, it obviously increased the root active-absorbing area, specific absorbing area(absorbing area per gram root weight)and specific active-absorbing area(actively absorbing area per gram root weight)in addition to promoting the TTC-reductive intensity. This clearly showed that plants were not passively tolerant to stress, but actively regulated their physiological metabolic processes, and strengthened their absorbing ability to increase water and nutrient uptake so that root injury by the environmental stress could be reduced. Supply of water and N stimulated root growth, increased root-absorbing area and activity. promoted nutrient uptake, and therefore increased crop yield and decreased the detrimental effects resulting from the limitation of roots-growing space.

Development of an Analytical Method for Evaluating the Catalytic Active Sites of Titanium Silicalite Zeolite

A simple, quick, sensitive, accurate and precise method has been developed for evaluating the catalytic active sites of titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1). The catalytic active sites of titanium silicalite zeolite depend on the effectively active species (EAS) in TS-1 which react with specific substrates quickly. However, the EAS was hard to be evaluated with conventional instruments and techniques in the past. In this paper, the EAS was formed in TS-1 upon interaction with H2O2, and its presence could be confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy which has an absorption peak at 385 nm. The absorbance at 385 nm was found to be linearly related to time, and when the absorbance and the increasing rate of absorbance (k) increased, the catalytic performance of TS-1 enhanced.

考虑主动辅助避震系统的推杆式悬架设计研究

通过设计避震器纵置式推杆悬架模型,采用悬架传力模型精确计算出悬架刚度及匹配阻尼特性;整车稳定性工况计算表明:使用纵置避震器弹簧推杆悬架结构的FSAE整车存在严重侧滑与摆尾问题,针对此问题提出一种在旋转支架摆臂反方向增加主动辅助避震器系统的设计思路、模型结构及双模糊控制算法,此设计的原理是通过抑制旋转支架摆臂的运动范围进而改变车身的振动特性,同时辅助避震器系统设计还可起到横向稳定杆的作用;均方根值显示:车身俯仰角加速度性能提升89.3%,侧倾角加速度性能提升79.3%,横摆角加速度性能提升12.1%,垂向加速度性能提升50.8%。

Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbon from Glutinous Rice Straw by KOH Method

[Objective] This study aimed to improve comprehensive utilization value of glutinous rice straw and to develop new raw material for preparation of activated carbon. [Method] Using potassium hydroxide as activator and glutinous rice straw as raw material, activated carbon was prepared. [Result] The optimum technological conditions for preparation of activated carbon from glutinous rice straw were as fol- lows： activator concentration of 2 mol/L, activation time of 60 min, activation tem- perature of 600 ℃ and carbonization temperature of 450℃. The adsorption values of methylene blue and iodine by activated carbon prepared from glutinous rico straw were 10.21 ml/0.1 g and 920.74 mg/g respectively under the optimal conditions. The quality of the prepared activated carbon met the grade two of water quality purifica- tion-using activated carbon quality standard. [Conclusion] This study will provide certain references for comprehensive utilization of glutinous rice straw and preparation of high-performance activated carbon.

超吸水聚合物对碱激发泡沫混凝土性能的影响

【目的】研究超吸水聚合物(super‐absorbent polymer,SAP)对提升以矿渣和再生微粉为主要材料的碱激发泡沫混凝土性能的影响。【方法】调节SAP预吸NaOH溶液的质量分数和SAP掺量(质量分数,下同),考察其对碱激发泡沫混凝土的流动性、吸水率、凝结时间、导热系数、孔隙结构及强度的影响;借助扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析,从微观角度揭示SAP对泡沫混凝土性能影响机制。【结果】随着SAP掺量的增加,碱激发泡沫混凝土的流动度、凝结时间和导热系数呈下降趋势,但吸水率增大。SAP的掺入会导致碱激发泡沫混凝土孔隙率增大和孔隙分布的改变,掺入预吸水和预吸质量分数为0.4%的NaOH溶液的SAP后,增大了碱激发泡沫混凝土中孔隙直径大于550μm的孔隙比例;掺入预吸质量分数为0.9%的NaOH溶液的SAP后,则增大了碱激发泡沫混凝土中孔隙直径小于250μm的孔隙比例。适量的掺入SAP可以显著改善碱激发泡沫混凝土的抗压、抗折强度,当SAP预吸质量分数为0.4%的NaOH溶液且掺量为0.10%时,碱激发泡沫混凝土的抗压、抗折强度最高。【结论】SAP预吸NaOH溶液处理后,可以明显改善碱激发泡沫混凝土的工作性能、孔隙结构和力学性能。

壳聚糖-甘蔗渣活性炭复合材料的制备及在糖汁清净中的应用

以甘蔗渣生物质为原料制备了甘蔗渣活性炭,并将其与壳聚糖交联复合,得到了壳聚糖-甘蔗渣活性炭,然后应用于糖汁脱色,考察了材料用量、吸附温度、脱色时间和pH对脱色效果的影响。结果表明,KOH的浓度为20%、活化温度为700℃时,甘蔗渣活性炭的吸附性能最好,当甘蔗渣活性炭的用量为0.10 g、吸附温度为50℃、脱色时间为60 min、pH为5.0时,糖汁脱色率最高,达到84.35%;当壳聚糖-甘蔗渣活性炭的用量为0.15 g、吸附温度为70℃、脱色时间为60 min、pH为6.0时,糖汁脱色率最高,达到97.12%。

Measurement and Study of Tyrosinase Activity in Potato

[Objective] The paper was to study the activity of tyrosinase,so as to provide reference for preventing browning of potatoes as well as fruits and vegetables containing tyrosinase.[Method] With potato as raw material and Na2HPO4-HCl in buffer solution（pH=7.2）as system,spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of potato extract at 480nm,the curve was established,and the activity of tyrosinase was obtained.[Result] The changes of data were little under the above conditions,and the stability of tyrosinase activity was high.[Conclusion] Using spectrophotometry to determine the tyrosinase activity in potato is simple with high accuracy.

2015-2020年植被吸收光合有效辐射的时空特征及影响因素分析

植被吸收光合有效辐射(Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation,APAR)是植被进行光合作用中实际吸收的太阳辐射量,是植被净第一性生产力的重要指标,也是生态系统的功能模型、作物生长模型、净初级生产力模型、气候模型等的重要参数。因此高空间分辨率和精确性的植被吸收光合有效辐射对于高精度的区域生产力及光能利用率的研究具有重要意义。对CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型进行了改进,利用30m×30m的数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)数据直接计算太阳辐射,从而将其作为CASA模型的输入参数。结合多源遥感数据、气象数据,研究2015-2020年江汉平原APAR的时空分布及其影响因素。顾及江汉平原的土地利用分布特点,着重分析了江汉平原农田APAR的时空特性,研究结果较好的反映了江汉平原APAR分布。实验结果表明:(1)2015-2020年APAR年总值在3.42×10^(13)MJ-3.73×10^(13)MJ之间,总体空间分布与植被类型的分布情况相符;(2)农田月均APAR值在4月、7月高于其他月份,表现出“双峰”的特征;(3)在空间分布上,水田APAR表现出明显的纬度地带性,而旱地APAR正好相反,这可能源于种植结构重心转移;(4)通过借助地理探测器,着重考虑与植被生长相关的12个因子(包括≧10℃积温、年总日照时数、年均气温、年总降雨量、农田种植结构、年散射辐射、农田施肥、土壤类型、土壤质地(砂土、粉砂土、黏土))进行分析,结果表明这12个因素对APAR空间变异性都具有很明显的影响。对CASA的改进方法可以适用于大范围高空间精度的计算。

基于磁流变弹性体动力吸振器的掘进装备振动控制

针对掘进装备在自适应截割控制下的截割部宽减振问题,基于磁流变弹性体的动力吸振技术,提出了一种掘进装备截割部的振动控制方法。首先,以连续采煤机为研究对象,根据动量矩定理,建立了截割部-磁流变弹性体动力吸振器(MREDVA)耦合动力学模型,从理论上分析了MREDVA的减振机理;然后,为保证MREDVA的磁路以及移频特性满足需求,详细阐述了MREDVA的设计流程,提出了一种新的MREDVA结构,对其磁场和移频特性进行了仿真验证;最后,计算了不同截割状态下MREDVA对截割部的振动抑制能力,并建立了半主动控制方法,比较了被动和半主动振动控制方法下MREDVA的振动抑制能力。研究结果表明:对于所选煤层1和煤层2,截割部的振幅衰减分别达到41.53%和49.80%;对于所选煤层3,半主动控制下截割部振幅衰减可以达到45.10%。该方法可以有效降低掘进装备在宽频激励下的振动幅度。

稀土Gd对Ni-Cr-Mo合金热变形行为的影响

含Gd镍铬钼合金作为乏燃料贮运用中子屏蔽材料具有广阔的应用前景,却在热加工时极易发生开裂,为了优化合金热变形工艺参数,本文以Ni-Cr-Mo合金为研究对象,研究了Gd加入后引起的组织变化。在变形温度为1 000~1 200℃、应变速率为0.01~5 s^(-1)条件下进行等温热压缩实验,计算合金相关材料常数及热变形激活能,构建热加工图并确定热加工窗口,结合微观组织进行分析,研究Gd对合金热变形行为的影响。结果表明,Ni-Cr-Mo合金中加入了1.2%的Gd,合金的变形激活能从472.15 kJ/mol降至422.9 kJ/mol,在热变形时合金的能量消耗效率更高,组织演变更充分,塑性失稳区域由高温向低温逐渐转移,并且增大了合金在1 000~1 060℃,0.01~0.32 s^(-1)低温低应变速率下安全区的面积。合金最佳热加工区间为:0.5真应变量,温度(T)为1 113~1 164℃,应变速率(ε)为0.01~0.2 s^(-1)。Gd在晶界或枝晶间以金属间化合物GdNi_(5)析出,GdNi_(5)相作为硬脆相,在热变形过程中其周围产生较大应变,导致组织中畸变能更高,从而促进周围变形晶粒发生再结晶,降低组织中的残余应变。

城市群花粉过敏网络关注度及影响因素研究

研究花粉过敏网络关注度时空特征及影响因素有利于掌握相关信息,服务民生。本文结合百度指数、气象、遥感数据,分析8个城市群2017—2021年花粉过敏网络关注度时空特征与影响因素,并采用随机森林、反向传播神经网络模型进行模拟。结果表明:(1)时空特征:关注度每年高峰期在春季(4—5月);人口聚集的城市最高,在空间上聚集,京津冀、山东半岛、长三角、珠三角城市群为热点区。(2)与影响因素关系:有效范围内,温度升高、短时雷暴雨、空气质量差、光合有效辐射吸收分量升高、夜间灯光强,关注度高;高湿、高风速、大雨、久雨,关注度低;夜间灯光相关性最高。(3)城市群方面:北方城市群的温度、沿海城市群的湿度、地形起伏大城市群的风速、南方城市群的降水、珠三角和长三角城市群的空气质量指数、珠三角和京津冀城市群的光合有效辐射吸收分量重要性大,夜间灯光都不可替代。(4)随机森林和反向传播神经网络适用于模拟关注度,各城市群R^(2)均在0.64~0.92之间,RMSE、MAE均在1以下,反向传播神经网络比随机森林模拟效果更好。成渝城市群2个模型拟合度均优,其次是京津冀、珠三角和长江中游城市群。本文的方法和结果可为花粉过敏相关工作提供参考。

Active tunable terahertz bandwidth absorber based on single layer graphene

In this paper,an active tunable terahertz bandwidth absorber based on single-layer graphene is proposed,which consists of a graphene layer,a photo crystal plate,and a gold substrate.When the Fermi energy(Ef)of graphene is 1.5 eV,the absorber shows high absorption in the range of 3.7 THz–8 THz,and the total absorption rate is 96.8%.By exploring the absorption mechanism of the absorber,the absorber shows excellent physical regulation.The absorber also shows good adjustability by changing the Efof graphene.This means that the absorber exhibits excellent tunability by adjusting the physical parameters and Efof the absorber.Meanwhile,the absorber is polarization independent and insensitive to the incident angle.The fine characteristics of the absorber mean that the absorber has superior application value in many fields such as biotechnology and space exploration.