Effects of Emulsifier on Fermentation Performance of Active Dry Wine Yeast

[Objectives]To explore the influence of emulsifier on the fermentation performance of wine active dry yeast.[Methods]Angel active dry yeast RV002 was selected as the test strain,and the simulated grape juice was used as the fermentation medium to investigate the fermentation rate,the yeast cell number and morphology,and the physicochemical indexes of the produced wine.[Results]It was found that the viable cell rate of the active dry yeast without the emulsifier was significantly reduced,and the fermentation rate was significantly slowed down.However,the emulsifier had no significant effect on the morphology of yeast cells,the fermentation cycle,the final number of viable cells,and the quality of the produced wine.[Conclusions]The active dry wine yeast without emulsifier can reduce the formation of grape juice foam and reduce the risk of grape juice spillover.

Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation,bacterial community,blood immunoglobulins,and growth performance in young dairy goats,but not for intermittent supplementation

This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast(ADY)supplementation and supplementation stra-tegies on ruminal fermentation,bacterial community,blood metabolites,and growth performance in young dairy goats.Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age(4.00±0.50 months)and BW(19.65±0.41 kg)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=20):(1)basal diet group(CON);(2)basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY(a proprietary strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5.0×10^(9)cfu/g)group(CSY);(3)basal diet with intermittently supple-mented ADY group(ISY;5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no sup-plementation).The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period.Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS.Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs.CON and CSY vs.ISY were also analyzed.During the experimental period,ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI(P=0.03),ruminal ac-etate proportion(P<0.01)and acetylesterase activity(P=0.01),and blood contents of glucose(P=0.01)and IgM(P=0.02)and tended to have greater ADG(P=0.05)and paunch girth(P=0.06)than the CON,despite the propionate proportion(P=0.03)and contents of total protein(P=0.04)and IgA(P=0.03)being lower.The lower ruminal NH_(3)-N(P<0.01)and blood urea nitrogen(P=0.07)contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation.ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age(P=0.03)and birth weight of lambs(P=0.02)were greater than the CON.However,the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY.In conclusion,ADY supplementa-tion,especially continuously supplemented,may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI,ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity,nitrogen utilization,and immune status.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of ADY and have important practical implications for the design of nutritional strategies in growing dairy goats.

Active dry yeast supplementation improves the growth performance,rumen fermentation, and immune response of weaned beef calves

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential benefits of active dry yeast(ADY)on the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,and serum parameters of weaned beef calves.Thirty Simmental crossbred male calves(body weight=86.47±4.41 kg and 70±4 d of age)were randomly divided into 2 groups:control(CON)(fed basal ration)and ADY(fed basal ration and 5 g/d ADY per calf).The dietary concentrate-to-roughage ratio was 35:65.All the calves were regularly provided rations 3 times a day at 07:00,13:00,and 19:00 and had free access to wate r.The experiment lasted for 60 d.The average daily gain of ADY group was higher(P=0.007)than that of the CON group,and the ratio of feed intake to average daily gain in the ADY group was reduced(P=0.022)as compared to the CON group.The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was higher(P=0.023)in the CON group than that in the ADY group,but an opposite trend of microbial protein was found between the 2 groups.Also,the ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were higher(P<0.05)in the ADY group than those in the CON group.Calves fed ADY exhibited higher(P<0.05)crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility.Supplementation of ADY increased(P<0.05)the contents of glucose,glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,and interleukin 10 in the serum of calves,but an opposite trend was observed in malondialdehyde,interleukin 1 beta,and tumor necrosis factor alpha contents between the 2 groups.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with ADY could improve the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant ability,and immune response of weaned beef calves.