Analysis of electrical performances of planar active phased array antennas with distorted array plane

The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and bowl-shape distortion, the model is established of the relationship between the electromagnetic performance and the position error of the radiated elements. The method is presented of analyzing the far-field pattern of the distorted rectangular active phased array antenna. The analysis results of a planar phased array antenna with different distortions grades prove the validity of the model. Therefore, by the method, the antenna designers may set the reasonable requirement on the structural tolerance in manufacturing antenna.

Design and Implementation of An Active Multibeam Antenna System with 64 RF Channels and 256 Antenna Elements for Massive MIMO Application in 5G Wireless Communications

This paper focuses on the design and implementation of an active multibeam antenna system for massive MIMO applications in 5G wireless communications.The highly integrated active multibeam antenna system is designed and implemented at 5.8 GHz with 64 RF Channels and 256 antenna elements.The 64-channel highly integrated active multibeam antenna system provides a verification platform for digital beamforming algorithm and massive MIMO channel estimation for next generation wireless communications.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STEP AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION WEIGHTED 2-D SOLID-STATE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS

An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.

Beam shaping with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna

To gain the tradeoff between lower sidelobe and higher power amplifiers efficiency,a transmitting beam shaping scheme with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna is presented. The scheme is implemented by a dual coding genetic algorithm(GA). Phase and amplitude of array weight vectors for beam shaping are encoded by real coding and finite length binary coding,respectively,which,maintaining accuracy of results,reduces the amplitude dynamic range and improves the efficiency of power amplifiers. The presented algorithm,compared with complex-coded GA,increases the convergence rate due to the search space's decrease. In order to overcome the prematurity and obtain better global optimization or quasi-global optimization,a new dual coding GA based on "species diversity retention" strategy and adaptive crossover and mutation probability are presented.

Review of dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antenna

Large-scale space membrane antennas have significant potential in satellite communication,space-based early warning,and Earth observation.Because of their large size and high flexibility,the dynamic analysis and control of membrane antenna are challenging.To maintain the working performance of the antenna,the pointing and surface accuracies must be strictly maintained.Therefore,the accurate dynamic modeling and effective active control of large-scale space membrane antennas have great theoretical significance and practical value,and have attracted considerable interest in recent years.This paper reviews the dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antennas.First,the development and status of large-scale space membrane antennas are summarized.Subsequently,the key problems in the dynamics and active control of large membrane antennas,including the dynamics of wrinkled membranes,large-amplitude nonlinear vibration,nonlinear model reduction,rigid-flexible-thermal coupling dynamic modeling,on-orbit modal parameter identification,active vibration control,and wave-based vibration control,are discussed in detail.Finally,the research outlook and future trends are presented.

A novel static shape-adjustment technique for planar phased-array satellite antennas

Planar phased-array satellite antennas deform when subjected to external disturbances such as thermal gradients or slewing maneuvers.Such distortion can degrade the coherence of the antenna and must therefore be eliminated to maintain performance.To support planar phased-array satellite antennas,a truss with diagonal cables is often applied,generally pretensioned to improve the stiffness of the antenna and maintain the integrity of the structure.A new technique is proposed herein,using the diagonal cables as the actuators for static shape adjustment of the planar phased-array satellite antenna.In this technique,the diagonal cables are not pretensioned;instead,they are slack when the deformation of the antenna is small.When using this technique,there is no need to add redundant control devices,improving the reliability and reducing the mass of the antenna.The finite element method is used to establish a structural model for the satellite antenna,then a method is introduced to select proper diagonal cables and determine the corresponding forces.Numerical simulations of a simplified two-bay satellite antenna are first carried out to validate the proposed technique.Then,a simplified 18-bay antenna is also studied,because spaceborne satellite antennas have inevitably tended to be large in recent years.The numerical simulation results show that the proposed technique can be effectively used to adjust the static shape of planar phased-array satellite antennas,achieving high precision.

Adaptive Antenna-Activation Based Beamforming for Large-Scale MIMO Communication Systems of High Speed Railway

Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.

一种有源天线温度试验自动测试系统设计

某型有源天线批生产产品数量多,由于温度试验周期长,温度试验成为天线均衡高效生产的一个瓶颈环节。为解决生产需求,研制一种天线专用温度测试系统。分析了天线温度试验测试项目和测试原理,梳理现有测试设备测试效率低下的原因,集中讨论了研制设备硬件组成、测试功能、软件设计和自动化要求,重点研究了屏蔽装置以及对接工装的设计。研制的测试系统基于VS2015软件,通过上位机控制电源切换单元、波控切换单元和射频切换单元完成产品分时自动测试。研制屏蔽装置,不仅完成了天线在温箱内接收和发射功能测试,还保证了测试结果的真实有效。设计对接夹具,方便产品对接和更换。该温度测试系统具有测试时间短、测试产品多、自动化程度高的优点,在生产线投入使用后,效果良好,解决了天线温度生产瓶颈。

基于特征模理论的机载微带有源二元阵列天线降耦技术

针对机载微带有源阵列天线单元间的互耦问题,提出了一种基于特征模理论的降耦方法。首先,通过分析天线单元被激励起的特征模式,筛选出工作模式和非工作模式;然后,根据阵列的结构、非工作模式的模式权重系数和特征远场方向图,分析出频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式;最后,通过抑制这些模式实现互耦降低,同时减少对工作模式的影响以保证天线性能。设计了频带为2.19 GHz~2.32 GHz的微带天线单元,通过对贴片修形、设置金属柱等措施抑制频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式。将改进前后的单元组成微带二元阵进行仿真,结果表明:改进后的二元阵,在整个频带内的S 21降低了3 dB以上、增益损失可接受、交叉极化得到改善。该方法为机载大型微带有源阵列天线的有效降耦提供了一条新思路。

混合面板反射面天线促动器布局与结构优化设计

文中针对大型主动主反射面天线在满足工程精度要求时存在形面精度冗余和成本高昂的问题,提出一种主动面板和非主动面板混合安装的反射面天线设计思想。首先,基于反射面变形区间安装主动面板和非主动面板,分析混合面板反射面天线的形面调控策略;然后,分别以天线质量为约束、以天线形面精度为目标以及以天线形面精度为约束、以天线质量为目标进行天线结构优化设计。结果,某35m反射面天线在满足精度要求的情况下背架结构质量下降了20.4%,在满足背架结构质量要求的情况下形面精度提升了18.7%。这充分证明了该设计思想在大口径、高精度反射面天线设计中的可行性和有效性。

基于非福斯特电路的缝隙电小天线研究

无源电小天线遵循Bode-Fano约束准则,体积、带宽与效率互相构成约束关系,难以在小型化的同时实现宽频带。而通过非福斯特电路等效的负阻抗元件可以有效抵消电小天线的大电抗,从而突破上述准则的限制,提高天线的辐射性能。文中选用蝶形缝隙天线作为非福斯特电路匹配的对象,将电路焊接在天线的背面进行一体化设计,使有源天线的集成度更高。并通过仿真分析有源蝶形天线一体化后的馈电网络,比较了不同馈电位置与馈电方式对天线性能的影响。最终优化后的有源缝隙天线在250 MHz~850 MHz的工作频段内S 11参数均小于-10 dB,在谐振频率达到-24 dB时,相对带宽对比匹配前提升了109%,增益提升了5.8 dB。对该有源天线进行了加工测试,实测结果与仿真结果基本一致。

主动主反射面天线促动器调整量计算与误差分析

主动主反射面天线通过调整安装在面板下方的促动器来提高表面精度,现有的促动器调整量计算方法多数忽略了面板弹性变形对调整精度的影响。文中通过力学仿真模拟来表征促动器调整过程对面板自身弹性变形的影响。首先,构建单块反射面面板变形拟合模型,并对拟合模型的权重进行优化,进而推导出整个反射面的变形拟合模型;其次,考虑到实际工程中相邻面板共用促动器,因此对促动器编号进行归并,进而推导出相邻面板共用促动器时促动器最佳调整量的计算模型。为了验证面板变形拟合模型的计算精度,分别从拟合模型的变形表征能力和促动器调整量的计算精度两个方面开展仿真验证工作,并从促动器调整误差和促动器故障两个方面分析促动器调整误差对反射面调整精度的影响,为工程中评估促动器调整精度提供参考。

基于有源超表面天线罩的窄截面方向图可重构天线

针对无人机数据链通信存在抗干扰性能差、防捕获能力弱等问题,提出了一种具有良好气动性能的基于有源超表面天线罩的窄截面方向图可重构天线。该天线由宽带平面印刷全向天线、窄截面有源超表面天线罩以及双频阻抗匹配网络组成。当超表面天线罩上二极管均截止(未加偏置电压)时,天线罩处于全透波状态,天线工作于宽带全向通信模式。当超表面天线罩特定区域二极管导通时,该区域天线罩处于全屏蔽状态,天线工作于双频定向通信模式,此时通过引入双频阻抗匹配网络显著改善天线的阻抗匹配。全向通信模式下,天线相对带宽达到44.6%,全向增益可达1.37 dBi,不圆度小于2.5 dBi;定向模式下,双频天线上下频带分别为1.4 GHz和1.8 GHz,相对带宽分别为9.1%和15.3%,最大定向增益达5.2 dBi。该天线具有窄截面、低成本等优点,能够在宽带全向通信和双频定向通信工作模式之间灵活切换,有望提高无人机抗干扰、防捕获的性能。

一种新颖的宽频共缆微带分路器设计

随着有源相控阵天线技术的发展,天线设备同系统中的收发终端需要通过采用各类射频、数字和电源类型的线缆进行互联,采用宽频共缆传输技术可以有效降低工程成本和系统重量。设计了一种宽频共缆微带分路器,通过采用传输线的多级阻抗变换原理,在不用额外的滤波电路情况下,在射频工作频段内,总输入端口的电压驻波比小于1.8,通往射频分端口2的S_(21)大于-0.6 dB,通往控制分端口3和电流分端口4的S_(31)小于-45 dB和S_(41)小于-105 dB,实现了良好的隔离度和传输效果。该分路器具有设计简单、隔离度高、信号能量损耗小和易于调试的优点。

小型化S波段瓦式有源相控阵天线系统的设计研究

基于运载火箭天基遥测传输的需求和箭载平台对重量、空间及能量消耗的严格限制,本文设计了一种小型轻量化、高集成、低能耗的S波段瓦式有源相控阵天线系统。该系统包括天线阵列模块、发射组件阵列模块、功分网络模块、波束控制器及电源单元模块。本文阐述了该系统的工作原理、组成架构,并根据要求设计了天线阵列、发射组件、高可靠电源单元以及波束控制器等几种关键电路。经暗室实测,本系统中所研制的天线系统样机其波束宽度、轴比、方位面俯仰面±60°波束扫描范围内的ERIP等指标达到设计要求,与目前市场上同频段功能相似的砖式相控阵天线系统相比,其体积减小45%,重量缩减25%,能耗降低15%,更贴合箭载相控阵天线从体积、重量、经济上的应用需求,同时也为相关领域的相控阵天线系统研制提供了指导。

整车环境对天线性能影响的研究

汽车的智能化和网联化对车载天线的性能提出了更高的要求。传统测试方法仅仅是在微波暗室内检测天线单体的性能,并没有考虑天线装车后汽车周边电磁环境、车身结构、安装位置等因素,因此,并不能直观准确的反映整车级天线性能。文章利用仿真和整车OTA暗室等手段,对车载天线性能进行测试。研究发现,电磁环境、车身结构、安装位置等因素均对整车级天线性能有较大影响。此研究结果对车载天线设计和安装有一定指导意义。

一体化双频段有源相控阵天线结构设计

目前有源相控阵天线以单频段为主,功能单一,协同工作需要天线数量较多,本文针对该问题设计了一种双频段共口径有源相控阵天线,采用规则嵌阵和错层排布技术将C和Ku双频段集成于一体形成共口径天线单元,设计了高集成数字阵列模块作为信号处理的载体,实现微波与数字信号转换、控制及校准功能一体化,以独立可更换综合网络模块组成阵面架构实现天线单元与数字阵列模块的互联,并通过仿真方式验证电气与力学性能,为双频段有源相控阵天线的结构设计提供借鉴作用。

相控阵天线碗状变形对其辐射性能的影响分析

如何快速而准确地评估天线阵面结构变形对电性能的影响是工程上亟需解决的关键问题。文中根据某大型相控阵天线设计了3种规格的阵列天线,按照典型的天线阵面碗状变形,分别采用HFSS数值计算方法和有源阵元方向图(Active Element Pattern, AEP)计算方法计算阵元Z向误差和指向误差对电性能的影响。结果表明:当Z向偏差小于λ/20(λ为波长)时,碗状变形对副瓣电平和波束宽度的影响显著,对增益影响较小;当Z向偏差增大到λ/20时,天线增益明显恶化;随着阵元规模的增大,得益于阵元互耦效应,碗状变形对电性能的影响减弱。AEP计算方法忽略了阵元方向图的差异性及互耦效应,导致其计算精度不如HFSS数值计算方法的计算精度高,特别是副瓣计算结果差异明显。该研究可为相控阵天线结构设计参数的确定提供指导。

高性能电子装备机电耦合技术研究

本文围绕机电耦合技术的主要特征开展分析讨论,以反射面天线、有源相控阵天线作为研究对象,进一步阐述高性能电子装备机电热多场耦合建模路径与求解方法,并提出机电耦合理论的未来研究方向与发展难题,以此为机电装置的优化设计提供理论支撑与数据支持,推动制造技术的升级与创新,使高新电子装置的应用价值被充分挖掘。

基于Beetle Antennae Search算法主动配电网经济调度

为提高主动配电网的经济效益,在考虑分布式能源、网损费用和发电成本基础上,建立了主动配电网经济调度模型。模型加入了柔性软开关对主动配电网进行灵活调度和无功优化,使用优化后天牛须搜索算法对其进行求解,优化方法为在算法中加入遗传因子和锦标赛选择策略,使算法结果不会陷入局部最优,得到最小发电成本。最后经仿真实验,验证了优化后的天牛须搜索算法在主动配电网经济调度问题中具有实用性和高效性。