Coordinated Control Strategy for Harmonic Compensation of Multiple Active Power Filters

In order to minimize the harmonic distortion rate of the current at the common coupling point,this paper proposes a coordinated allocation strategy of harmonic compensation capacity considering the performance of active power filters(APF).On the premise of proportional distribution of harmonic compensation capacity,the harmonic compensation rate of each APF is considered,and the harmonic current value of each APF to be compensated is obtained.At the same time,the communication topology is introduced.Each APF takes into account the compensation ability of other APFs.Finally,three APFs with different capacity and performance are configured at the harmonic source to suppress the same harmonic source,and the harmonic distortion rate is reduced to 1.73%.The simulation results show that the strategy can effectively improve the compensation capability of the multiple APF cascaded system to the power grid without increasing the installed capacity.

Lag compensation errors in active power filters based on DSP controllers

The growing problems of harmonic pollution on coal mine power lines caused by high-power DC drive systems has increased the use of active power filters.We analyzed compensation errors caused by the time lag in the detecting circuits of an active power filter based on DSP control.We derived a mathematical model for the compensation error starting from the error estimation when a single distortion frequency is present.This model was then extended to the case where multiple frequencies are present in the distortion.A formula for a general theory of compensation error with fixed load and fixed lag time is presented.The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the delay time of an active power filter mainly arises from the sampling time.Lower sampling frequencies introduce larger compensation errors in the active power filter reference current.

Design and analysis of dual-mode structure repetitive control based hybrid current regulation scheme for active power filters

An all-digital hybrid current regulation scheme for the single-phase shunt active power filter （APF） is presented. The proposed hybrid current control scheme integrates the deadbeat control and the dual-mode structure repetitive control （DMRC） so that it can offer superior steady-state performance and good transient features. Unlike the conventional schemes, the proposed scheme-based APF can compensate both the odd and the even order harmonics in grid. The detailed design criteria and the stability analysis of the proposed hybrid current controller are presented. Moreover, an improved structure which incorporates the proposed hybrid controller and the resonant controller for tracking specific order harmonics is given. The relationships between the resonant controller and different repetitive control schemes are discussed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed hybrid control scheme.

Sliding Mode Controller for Three-Phase Hybrid Active Power Filter with Photovoltaic Application

This paper presents a new three-phase hybrid active power filter configuration that interconnects a passive high-pass filter in parallel with an active power filter and a photovoltaic system. The proposed configuration can improves the filtering performance of the conventional active power filter, as well as simultaneously supply the power from the photovoltaic arrays to the load and utility. This paper will describe the proposed hybrid active power filter control using sliding mode with photovoltaic system. The proposed technique effectively filters harmonics under 1 kHz but also higher frequency to achieve wideband harmonics compensation. The THD of source current is reduced from 30.09% to 1.95%. The result indicates that the sliding mode controller can track the reference signals and have good dynamic characteristics.

Key Techniques of High-voltage and Large-capacity Series Hybrid Active Power Filters

基于基波磁通补偿的串联混合型有源电力滤波器（active power filter,APF）应用于高电压、大容量的谐波抑制场合时,受变压器励磁支路谐波电压的影响,逆变器不能等效为基波电流源,其输出电流将含有大量的谐波,从而影响滤波效果。以逆变器为核心,推导出在励磁支路谐波压降影响下的串联变压器的谐波等效阻抗。并以此为基础,从理论上分析励磁电感和变比对串联变压器谐波等效阻抗和APF滤波效果的影响。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。最后,针对广东某厂10kV、1MVA电力负荷,研制一套基于基波磁通补偿的串联混合型有源滤波器工程样机,取得非常好的滤波效果。

Design of Hybrid Compensators for Power Quality Improvement of Oilfield Drilling Electrical System

With large-scale use of kinds of motors, oilfield drilling electrical system always accompanied by serious power quality problem, including reactive current, harmonics current and grid voltage distortion, which would greatly threaten the safety and proper working of the whole system. This paper focuses on a power quality improvement project to solve these problems. A hybrid compensating scheme, including an active compensator and a passive compensator, is carried out. Because of the specificity of oilfield drilling electrical system, compensators are redesigned against features of this application background. And then the current detection point arrangement of this hybrid system is also taken into consideration to build the whole system much more effective and reliable. Now the improvement project is already implemented in application field, and the power quality of the system is greatly improved.

Fuzzy Controller Based 3Phase 4Wire Shunt Active Filter for Mitigation of Current Harmonics with Combined p-q and Id-Iq Control Strategies

As more and more variable frequency drives (VFDs), electronic ballasts, battery chargers, and static Var compensators are installed in facilities, the problems related to harmonics are expected to get worse. As a result Active power filter (APF) gains much more attention due to excellent harmonic compensation. But still the performance of the active filter seems to be in contradictions with different control strategies. This paper presents detailed analysis to compare and elevate the performance of two control strategies for ex-tracting reference currents of shunt active filters under balanced, un-balanced and non-sinusoidal conditions by using Fuzzy controller. The well known methods, instantaneous real active and reactive power method (p-q) and active and reactive current method (id-iq) are two control methods which are extensively used in active filters. Extensive Simulations are carried out with fuzzy controller for both p-q and Id-Iq methods for different voltage conditions and adequate results were presented. Simulation results validate the superior per-formance of active and reactive current control strategy (id-iq) with fuzzy controller over active and reactive power control strategy (p-q) with fuzzy controller.

Voltage sag compensation strategy for unified power quality conditioner with simultaneous reactive power injection

Unified power quality conditioner(UPQC)holds the capability of solving power quality problems,especially shows good performance in the voltage sag compensation. In this paper, a compensation strategy based on simultaneous reactive power injection for UPQC(namely UPQC-SRI) is proposed to address the issue of voltage sag. The proposed UPQC-SRI determines the injection angle of compensation voltage with consideration of optimal configuration of UPQC current-carrying.Moreover, the compensation strategy also considers the current-carrying limit of UPQC, and then the zero active power injection region of UPQC-SRI(also called UPQCSRI region) is obtained. Under the conditions which exceed the UPQC-SRI region, the limit value of shunt current is determined by this proposed strategy. Finally, the proposed strategy and the corresponding algorithm are verified under the PSCAD/EMTDC platform. The result indicates the proposed UPQC-SRI strategy in this paper can provide more persistent voltage sag compensation than the previous strategies for the sensitive load.

基于扰动补偿的舰载机APCS离散变结构设计

研究舰载机着舰过程优化问题,在分析舰载机进场推力补偿系统(APCS)原理的基础上,研究了系统在受扰动情况下的离散变结构设计问题。针对传统APCS抗扰性和稳定性较差的缺点,提出根据扰动补偿的离散变结构控制理论,重新设计了高抗扰性的保持地速迎角恒定的进场推力补偿系统,并且通过引入双曲正切函数降低了系统的抖振。搭建了完整的仿真系统进行仿真,仿真结果表明新的推力补偿系统能使舰载机近舰时航迹角快速跟踪俯仰角,且与传统补偿系统相比,前者能很好地抵抗母舰舰尾扰流的干扰,达到了着舰过程优化设计目的。

A 155 Mbps laser diode driver with automatic power and extinction ratio control

An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and temperature com-pensation for modulation current in order to maintain constant extinction ratio and average optical power. To implement tem-perature compensation for modulation current,a novel circuit which generates a PTAT current by using the injecting base current of a bipolar transistor in saturation region,and alternates the amplifier feedback loop(closed or not) to control the state of the current path is presented. Simulation results showed that programmed by choice of external resistors,the IC can provide modu-lation current from 5 mA to 85 mA with temperature compensation adjustments and independent bias current from 4 mA to 100 mA. Optical test results showed that clear eye-diagrams can be obtained at 155 Mbps,with the output optical power being nearly constant,and the variation of extinction ratio being lower than 0.7 dB.

Power Quality Analysis and Enhancement of Grid Connected Solar Energy System

In recent years, renewable energy resources are utilized to meet the growing energy demand. The integration of renewable energy resources with the grid incorporates power electronic converters for conversion of energy. These power electronic converters introduce power quality issues such as a harmonics, voltage regulation etc. Hence, to improve the power quality issues, this work proposes a new control strategy for a grid interconnected solar system. In this proposed work, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme has been used to obtain maximum power from the solar system and DC/DC converter is implemented to maintain a constant DC voltage. An active filtering method is utilized to improve the power quality of the grid connected solar system. The proposed system is validated through dynamic simulation using MATLAB/Simulink Power system toolbox and results are delivered to validate the effectiveness of the work.

双有源桥无回流功率控制的死区影响与补偿

针对三重移相协同控制(CTPS)加入桥臂死区后,会导致双有源桥(DAB)变换器回流功率发生及软开关失效的问题,提出针对CTPS控制的死区补偿策略.通过分析CTPS控制不同模式下桥臂死区引起的变压器原副边电压及漏感电流的变化,基于回流功率产生的原理,更正了不同模式移相比之间的耦合关系,对功率传输模型及CTPS控制模式的切换条件进行修正,实现了死区对CTPS控制影响的有效控制.利用所提的补偿方案,抑制了由死区引起的回流功率,恢复了CTPS控制的软开关性能,具有较补偿前更优的电流应力.分别开展死区补偿前、后的实验,对死区影响的分析和所提出的补偿策略进行验证.

有源电力滤波器补偿的PI解耦控制技术研究

电网中电压和电流波形的失真会产生谐波,导致电网功率因数降低,并影响电力系统的稳定性和可靠性。为了确保电力系统的正常工作,研究了基于有源电力滤波器补偿的比例积分(PI)解耦控制技术。设计了基于二极管钳位式的有源电力滤波器模型。结合基尔霍博电压法,降低控制谐波和解除部分变量耦合。针对设备非线性产生的谐波,分析有源电力滤波器的可逆性,获得输入雅可比矩阵,以实现滤波器旋转坐标的线性化。利用变换矩阵转换转动角速向量,输入谐波的幅度,输出电流取样延迟,完成无差PI解耦控制。试验结果表明,所提技术能够有效解耦滤波器的谐波电流成分,从而补偿电网中的失真电流。该技术可以减少谐波对电力系统的整体影响,保证设备的正常运行。

基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网电压协同控制策略

整县分布式光伏电源的大量开发与利用及分布式电源规模化并网对实现“碳达峰、碳中和”与“乡村振兴”两大国家战略具有重要的现实意义。由于分布式电源发电尖峰和低谷阶段与负荷峰谷时常不同步,进而导致配电系统过/欠电压问题,严重影响了电能质量,甚至威胁系统安全。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制策略。首先,建立基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的配电网层级式电压协同控制框架。其次,结合多微电网节点注入电流与电压的方程与功率–电压灵敏度分析,根据多节点电压越限程度,提出一种基于“先无功–后有功”功率补偿的多智能体协同调节策略,该策略先通过无功补偿器进行无功调节,当电压尚未得到有效治理时,再采用多微电网进行有功调节。再次,为了进一步满足各节点微电网有功功率调节需求,并考虑电网内部源–荷–储运行成本与污染排放,提出一种基于多目标优化的微电网内部分布式源–荷–储优化协调功率控制策略。最后,在MATLAB平台中设计了3种仿真场景以及IEEE测试系统模型对所提控制策略进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的电压协同控制方法在最经济的情况下可以实现各节点电压的综合高效治理,同时,所提出的微电网优化协调功率控制策略能使源–荷–储在绿色经济的供电模式下实时精准地满足电压治理目标下微电网有功调节的需求。仿真实验结果验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性。

基于阻抗重塑的虚拟同步机次同步振荡抑制方法

虚拟同步机通过模拟转子运动方程从而使电力电子装置具有同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性。然而,虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网连接时易发生次同步振荡。针对该问题,该文首先建立虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网的序阻抗模型,其次,采用伯德图分析次同步振荡发生的机理,研究传统有源阻尼方法的局限性。在此基础上,提出一种基于阻抗重塑的虚拟同步机次同步振荡抑制方法。在虚拟同步机阻尼系数的反馈回路中增加阻抗重塑控制器,进而利用伯德图分析改进系统的阻抗特性。该阻抗重塑方法可以减小虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网在低频段的阻抗相位差,有效抑制次同步振荡发生。相较于传统的有源阻尼控制方法,所提出的次同步振荡抑制方法可以较好的适应系统运行方式变化,并且不会引起虚拟同步机工作点偏移。最后,通过仿真和实验验证所提方法的有效性。

基于相位补偿的过热汽温自抗扰控制

随着可再生能源接入电网比例的逐步增大,热力发电厂需要应对更加频繁、更大范围的负荷变化,给电厂的高阶大惯性过热汽温过程的控制带来严峻的挑战。为此,文中针对一类高阶大惯性过热汽温过程,提出一种基于相位补偿的自抗扰控制(phase compensation based active disturbance rejection control,PC-ADRC)方法。首先,阐述过热汽温系统的工作原理和控制难点。然后,采用低频近似法详细推导相位补偿(phase compensation,PC)网络模型,提出采用PC网络对模型动态特性进行补偿,得到等效降阶模型的简化思路。为便于工程应用,给出PC-ADRC系统的简单实现方法和等效模型分析。最后,对PC-ADRC系统的稳定性和鲁棒性进行研究。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提出的PC-ADRC系统能有效提升高阶过程控制系统的鲁棒性和快速响应能力。

矿热炉低压补偿设计原则的讨论

本文针对矿热炉低压补偿技术在铁合金行业应用中涉及的无功补偿量计算方法、矿热炉短网无功功率占比和大电流导体集肤效应进行了理论分析,同时针对矿热炉谐波治理问题,提出根据谐波检测结果判定是否需要治理和设计必需的滤波装置。最后提出了矿热炉低压补偿设计的基本原则。

基于主动阻尼电路的LCL型并联有源电力滤波器谐振抑制方法

由于并联有源电力滤波器(SAPF)的宽控制带宽,LCL输出滤波器的谐振问题已经成为SAPF运行中的关键问题。为了解决LCL滤波器的谐振问题,提出了基于主动阻尼电路的新型阻尼方法,以在不影响SAPF控制的情况下实现阻尼效果。所提方法基于与滤波电容器串联的辅助变换器,在辅助变换器中,谐振电流被检测并反向注入作为变换器的参考信号,从而达到对谐振电流的阻尼效果。所提方法的稳定性通过频率响应分析,并与传统方法进行比较,证明了理论上的可行性。最后,实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性,与传统方法相比,所提方法具有更好的开关谐波抑制效果。

高压级联SVG电流PR控制策略

对SVG在出现无功阶跃扰动时的补偿控制进行深入研究。SVG在无功功率调节时,如果出现阶跃扰动,无功功率的调节会直接影响有功功率的调节,这是因为传统的旋转坐标系控制方法对于有功功率和无功功率的控制环路之间存在耦合关系。为此,文中引入了有功和无功的解耦控制。另外,无功的阶跃信号会引起直流母线电压的突变,故将直流分量引入装置侧输出电流的值,并将这个直流分量滤除,保证控制的稳定性。最后在仿真的基础上,以光伏电站为背景对所提方法进行现场验证,结果充分证明了该算法的有效性。

单相统一电能质量调节器二次纹波补偿及抑制策略

在单相半桥非隔离统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)中,交、直流间瞬时功率不平衡导致直流侧出现二次电压纹波,影响电能质量的补偿效果。该文分别在UPQC并网、离网两种模式下提出二次纹波的补偿及抑制策略。首先,分析UPQC在并网运行条件下直流二次纹波的产生机理及其对电能质量补偿的影响,并提出分别在并、串联侧变换器加入陷波器及特征次谐波控制,以降低网侧电流及串联侧电压谐波。其次,在UPQC离网运行时,为有效抑制直流电压二次纹波,提出一种利用UPQC闲置的串联侧变换器与复用的直流分裂电容构建半桥有源功率解耦电路的方法,控制难度低且无需额外增加解耦电路元件。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提方法的可行性。在并网模式中,所提策略减少了74%的电流谐波及42%的电压谐波;在离网模式中,所提策略减少了66.7%直流电压二次纹波。同时,该文所提出的二次纹波的补偿及抑制策略,可优化直流电容参数设计,并进一步减小UPQC体积。