Research on Active Safety Methodologies for Intelligent Railway Systems

Safety is essential when building a strong transportation system.As a key development direction in the global railway system,the intelligent railway has safety at its core,making safety a top priority while pursuing the goals of efficiency,convenience,economy,and environmental friendliness.This paper describes the state of the art and proposes a system architecture for intelligent railway systems.It also focuses on the development of railway safety technology at home and abroad,and proposes the active safety method and technology system based on advanced theoretical methods such as the in-depth integration of cyber–physical systems(CPS),data-driven models,and intelligent computing.Finally,several typical applications are demonstrated to verify the advancement and feasibility of active safety technology in intelligent railway systems.

HPR1000： Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor with Active and Passive Safety

HPR1000 is an advanced nuclear power plant(NPP)with the significant feature of an active and passive safety design philosophy,developed by the China National Nuclear Corporation.On one hand,it is an evolutionary design based on proven technology of the existing pressurized water reactor NPP;on the other hand,it incorporates advanced design features including a 177-fuel-assembly core loaded with CF3 fuel assemblies,active and passive safety systems,comprehensive severe accident prevention and mitigation measures,enhanced protection against external events,and improved emergency response capability.Extensive verification experiments and tests have been performed for critical innovative improvements on passive systems,the reactor core,and the main equipment.The design of HPR1000fulfills the international utility requirements for advanced light water reactors and the latest nuclear safety requirements,and addresses the safety issues relevant to the Fukushima accident.Along with its outstanding safety and economy,HPR1000 provides an excellent and practicable solution for both domestic and international nuclear power markets.

Evaluation of Anti-Wrinkle, Relieving Effect and Safety of A Group of Hexapeptide Compounds

The anti-wrinkle,relieving effect and safety of a group of hexapeptide compounds(HCs)were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant test,hyaluronidase inhibition test and human clinical test.The results showed that HCs possess+high overall antioxidant activity,and the scavenging activity of ABTS•radical and DPPH radical by 4 mg/mL HCs solution were(92.23±1.15)%and(90.24±1.25)%.The scavenging activity of PTIO radical by 80 mg/mL HCs solution was(80.29±2.41)%.The inhibition rate of 80 mg/mL HCs on hyaluronidase was(75.00±6.13)%.The test of clinical results showed that the HCs have good anti-wrinkle and relieving effect,and no case of grade 1 or above skin adverse reactions occurred,indicating that HCs have good safety.

Safety of active auditory implants in magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has become the gold standard for the diagnosis of many pathologies.Using MRI in patients with auditory implants can however raise concerns due to mutual interactions between the implant and imaging device,resulting in potential patient risks.Several implant manufacturers have been working towards more MRI safe devices.Older devices are however often labelled for more stringent conditions,possibly creating confusion with patients and professionals.With this myriad of different devices that are implanted in patients for lifetimes of at least 20 years,it is crucial that both patients and professionals have a clear understanding of the safety of their devices.This work aims at providing an exhaustive overview on the MRI safety of active auditory implants.The available industry standards that are followed by manufacturers are outlined and an overview of the latest scientific developments focusing on the last five years is provided.In addition,based on the analysis of the adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)and in literature within the past ten years,a systematic review of the most commonly occurring issues for patients with auditory implants in the MRI environment is provided.Results indicate that despite the release of more MRI conditional active hearing implants on the market,adverse events still occur.An extensive overview is provided on the MRI safety of active auditory implants,aiming to increase the understanding of the topic for healthcare professionals and contribute to safer scanning conditions for patients.

Active Tectonic Research for Seismic Safety Evaluation of Long-Line Engineering Sites in China

Long-line engineering sites usually have to pass through active tectonics, so the research of active tectonics is of great importance to seismic safety evaluation of this sort of site. In the paper, basing on the summarization and analysis of the requirements for seismic safety evaluation of long-line engineering site and the status quo of active tectonics research, we propose the focal points of active tectonics research for seismic safety evaluation of long-line engineering sites, including the research contents, technical targets and routes, and the submission of the achievements, etc. Finally, we make a preliminary analysis and discussion about the problems existing in the present-day active tectonics research for seismic safety evaluation of long-line engineering sites.

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects and Safety Assessment of Corn Peptides on Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activities

The in vitro and in vivo effects of corn peptides（CPs） prepared from corn gluten meal by proteolysis with an alkaline protease and fractions of CPs from Sephadex G-15 and G-10 columns on activities of alcohol dehydroge-nase（ADH） were studied. The results show that CPs and fraction 3 of CPs from Sephadex G-10 column enhance in vitro ADH activity. Furthermore, the in vitro accelerating effect of the fraction 3 of CPs on ADH activity was superior to that of glutathione, which was also found even in the presence of ADH inhibitor, such as pyrazole. In the in vivo experiments, the animals were fed with different dosages of CPs and with a dose of Chinese distilled spirit orally, and sacrificed for the measurement of ADH activity. In vivo experimental results indicate that CPS enhanced hepatic ADH activities. To test the safety of CPs as health food, 30 d feeding test was performed. No obvious toxic effects were detected in treated Wistar rats.

Rabies Virus Neutralizing Activity,Safety,and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Human Rabies Antibody Compared with Human Rabies Immunoglobulin in Healthy Adults

Objective Preliminary assessment of rabies virus neutralizing activity,safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant human rabies antibody(NM57)compared with human rabies immunoglobulin(HRIG)in Chinese healthy adults.Methods Subjects were randomly(1:1:1)allocated to Groups A(20 IU/kg NM57),B(40 IU/kg NM57),or C(20 IU/kg HRIG).One injection was given on the day of enrollment.Blood samples were collected on days-7 to 0(pre-injection),3,7,14,28,and 42.Adverse events(AEs)and serious AEs(SAEs)were recorded over a period of 42 days after injection.Results All 60 subjects developed detectable rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)(>0.05 IU/mL)on days 3,7,14,28,and 42.The RVNA levels peaked on day 3 in all three groups,with a geometric mean concentration(GMC)of 0.2139 IU/mL in Group A,0.3660 IU/mL in Group B,and0.1994 IU/mL in Group C.At each follow-up point,the GMC in Group B was significantly higher than that in Groups A and C.The areas under the antibody concentration curve over 0-14 days and 0-42 days in Group B were significantly larger than those in Groups A and C.Fifteen AEs were reported.Except for one grade 2 myalgia in Group C,the other 14 were all grade 1.No SAEs were observed.Conclusion The rabies virus neutralizing activity of 40 IU/kg NM57 was superior to that of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG,and the rabies virus neutralizing activity of 20 IU/kg NM57 and 20 IU/kg HRIG were similar.Safety was comparable between NM57 and HRIG.

Safety and Quality of Care Evaluation in Japanese Long-Term Facilities Focused on the Activity Condition and Cognitive Function of Residents

Objective: Currently, standards for evaluating long-term care facilities do not exist in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of healthcare services in Japan’s long-term care facilities and identify the structural and process indicators associated with the facilities’ outcome indicators. Methods: This retrospective study assessed changes in residents’ abilities to participate in physical activities, their cognitive function, and their vulnerability to injuries. From 2012 to 2013, we collected information on the healthcare services at 1067 long-term care facilities registered with Japan’s Welfare, Health and Medical Care Information Network in the Welfare and Medical Service Agency. We examined 12 structural indicators, 26 process indicators, and 7 outcome indicators. We used multivariate linear regression models adjusted to analyze relationships between outcome indicators and structural or process indicators. Results: Residents’ activity and cognitive function indicators either improved by 80% - 90% or were maintained for one year. The Geriatric Functional Independence Measures, the Barthel Index, and holding conferences related to care were all considered activities of daily living. Three adverse events—tumbles and falls, behavioral problems, and aimless wandering or leaving the facility without permission—were factors that restricted residents’ behavior and number of residents per care staff member. Conclusions: Maintaining or improving levels of independence and cognition in daily living requires a care process system that enables ongoing monitoring of residents’ activities of daily living and cognitive functioning. Ensuring the safety of residents and improving the quality of care in long-term care facilities without securing adequate care staff are not possible.

Oncological safety of use of ultrasonic activated shears in gastric cancer surgery: Long-term results of randomized controlled trial

Objective： Ultrasonically activated shears （UAS） have been applied in open gastric surgeries with no or little evidence. It was previously reported about the surgical outcome and effectiveness of UAS based on a randomized controlled trial of 256 patients with gastric cancer. We aimed to clarify the long-term oncological safety of the use of UAS in the aspect of overall survival and recurrence.Methods： Gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the conventional surgery group （n=125） or the UAS group （n=128）. Survival, recurrence and long-term postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The median follow-up period was 56 months.Results： Gastric cancer-related death was higher in patients of the UAS group compared with the conventional group （P=0.019）. Overall survival rates stratified by stage were not significantly different between the two groups （P=0.170）. Disease-free survival rates stratified by stage and recurrence-free survival rates of gastric cancer were similar between the conventional group and the UAS group （P=0.313 and 0.199, respectively）. The postoperative complication rate was not significantly different between the groups （P=1.000）. Conclusions： It is suggested that the use of UAS in gastrectomy for gastric cancer showed oncologically acceptable safety compared with conventional electric instruments even in long-term period.

Herbicidal Activity of 41% Flufenacet SC and Indoor Measurement of Safety to Soybean, Wheat and Maize

[Objective] The paper was to explore the herbicidal activity of 41% flufenacet SC and its safety to soybean, wheat and maize. [Method]The herbicidal activity of 41% flufenacet SC on four species of weeds and its safety to three crops were determined by indoor bioactivity assay.[Result] 41% Flufenacet SC had good control effects against Amaranthus retroflexus, Descurainia Sophia, Bromus japonicus and Echinochloa crusgalli, with the ED90 of 154.1, 204.9, 273.1 and 140.9（a.i.） g/hm2, respectively. [Conclusion] The selectivity index of 41% flufenacet SC between the three crops tested and the two species of weeds was 6.63-9.24. The agent had good safety to soybean, wheat and maize.

Systemic study on the safety of immuno-deficient nude mice treated by atmospheric plasma-activated water

Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma is a new technology, widely used in many fields of biomedicine,especially in cancer treatment. Cold plasma can selectively kill a variety of tumor cells, and its biological safety in clinical trials is also very important. In many cases, the patient’s immune level is relatively low, so we first studied the safety assessment of plasma treatment in an immunocompromised animal model. In this study, we examined the safety of immuno-deficient nude mice by oral lavage treatment of plasma-activated water, and studied the growth status, main organs and blood biochemical indexes. Acute toxicity test results showed that the maximum dose of plasma treatment for 15 min had no lethal effect and other acute toxicity. There were no significant changes in body weight and survival status of mice after 2 min and 4 min of plasma-activated water(PAW)treatment for 2 weeks. After treatment, the major organs, including heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not significantly changed in organ coefficient and tissue structure. Blood biochemical markers showed that blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells were slightly increased, and the others remained unchanged. Liver function, renal function, electrolytes, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism were not affected by different doses of PAW treatment. The above results indicate that PAW treatment can be used to treat immuno-deficient nude mice without significant safety problems.

Active Control Method for Critical Cornering Range

It has been reported that steering systems with derivative terms have a heightened lateral acceleration and yaw rate response in the normal driving range. However, in ranges where the lateral acceleration is high, the cornering force of the front wheels decreases and hence becomes less effective. Therefore, we applied traction control for the inner and outer wheels based on the steering angle velocity to improve the steering effectiveness at high lateral accelerations. An experiment using a driving simulator showed that the vehicle’s yaw rate response improved for a double lane change to avoid a hazard;this improves hazard avoidance performance. Regarding improved vehicle control in the cornering margins, traction control for the inner and outer wheels is being developed further, and much research and development has been reported. However, in the total skid margin, where few margin remains in the forward and reverse drive forces on the tires, spinout is unavoidable. Therefore, we applied tire camber angle control to improve vehicle maneuverability in the total skid margin. An experiment using a driving simulator has confirmed that the vehicle’s lateral acceleration at the turning limit can be improved by controlling the camber angle. Because of this, camber angle control promises to be more effective than traction control for the inner and outer wheels. By applying this type of steering control, it is possible to increase maneuverability and stability in the cornering margins.

汽车安全性测评规程现状及趋势展望

在汽车产业电动化和智能化进程中,汽车安全测试评价技术也从单纯被动安全向主被动安全融合方向延伸和扩展。本文从车内乘员保护、车外弱势道路使用者保护与主动安全三方面,深入对比分析了全球主流汽车安全测评规程的差异,总结了针对各测评工况的车辆安全开发技术要点,探讨了新能源与智能网联汽车安全测评规程的发展趋势。研究认为,主流汽车安全测评规程在被动安全评价方面越来越严格,主动安全测评工况比重在逐步增加,未来测评规程的发展重心将集中于主被动安全融合及针对复杂工况的虚拟测评两方面。此外,针对新能源汽车的电池安全测试已相对完善,未来研究重点可向电控系统测试、底盘稳定性测试和充换电设施与配套设备统一标准化认证等方向拓展;而构建合理、可靠的智能网联汽车OTA(over the air)测试、HMI(human machine interface)安全性和舒适性等测评方法,在中长期内将成为行业关注的重难点问题,且可借助自动驾驶模拟器等工具搭建虚实结合的复合测评体系。

平台型领导如何提升团队创新绩效——基于SEM与fsQCA的链式中介分析

为探究平台型领导对团队创新绩效的作用机制,选取团队学习氛围和知识场活性作为中介,团队心理安全作为调节,基于496位高新技术行业知识型员工样本,运用结构方程模型和模糊集定性比较分析两种方法检验理论模型。结果显示,平台型领导正向促进团队创新绩效,团队学习氛围和知识场活性在其中发挥链式中介作用;团队心理安全调节团队学习氛围与知识场活性之间的关系。以平台型领导、团队学习氛围、知识场活性和团队心理安全为前因条件、团队创新绩效为结果条件的模糊集定性比较分析结果支持以上结论,并得出提高团队创新绩效的两种前因组态模式,即“领导—成员互动模式”和“团队成员互动模式”。

活性炭气相吸附过程中安全性研究进展

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是目前我国造成大气污染的主要因素,主要来源于工业排放,VOCs包括烃、醛、醇、醚、酮、酯、羧酸等。活性炭吸附VOCs已成为目前的主要环保技术,然而,在活性炭吸附VOCs过程中,由于吸附热的产生容易导致活性炭床层温度升高,从而引发活性炭床层起火是重大安全隐患。因此,本文从活性炭的结构、性质,吸附操作方式和条件,以及VOCs组分等方面,具体综述和分析活性炭的生产原料、制备方法和后处理过程等影响活性炭着火点的主要因素,以及气流的湿度、氧气含量等性质,气体流速、活性炭床层厚度、吸附工况等吸附工艺对活性炭床层温升产生的影响,为系统掌握和评价活性炭在气相吸附过程中应用安全性提供了参考。在此基础上,针对活性炭吸附床吸附净化含VOCs废气的安全使用提出了具体的建议。最后,指出了在该领域还存在的主要技术问题。

基于U-Net网络的鸟群图像分割研究

当前在通用航空活动中对于鸟群活动情况的了解还是依靠飞行员对环境的观察,并且国内外驱鸟方式并不适合大范围推广使用,着眼于以上问题,利用基于深度学习的图像分割方法来解决该问题,将U-Net图像分割策略引入航空图像分析中,通过深度卷积神经网络对鸟群活动图像进行处理;针对图像背景复杂、目标分布不均匀且大小不定等特点,提出优化U-Net网络,以更好地保存和利用图像信息。实验证明该优化网络图像分割效果优于现有方法。

金花葵花黄酮超声辅助提取工艺优化及性能

以金花葵花为原料,采用超声辅助提取法提取了金花葵花黄酮,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了提取工艺,评估了最佳工艺条件下提取的金花葵花黄酮的抗氧化活性及安全性。结果表明,金花葵花黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比(g∶m L)1∶15、体积分数80%的乙醇水溶液为溶剂、超声功率300 W、超声时间35 min、提取温度75℃,在该条件下,金花葵花黄酮提取率为89.97%。质量浓度为1.00 g/L金花葵花黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼自由基、羟基自由基和2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)自由基的清除率最高,分别为94.81%、95.24%、82.80%;对三者的半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))分别为106.00、70.06和213.80μg/m L。金花葵花黄酮质量浓度≤0.4 g/L时,其对红细胞溶血率均<10%,属于轻度刺激;质量浓度为1.00 g/L的金花葵花黄酮对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜无溶血。

升压物质检查法在药品生物安全性检查中的应用及实验关键点

升压物质检查法是《中国药典》收录的一项药物安全性检查法。用以检测可能含有引起血压升高杂质的原料药及其制剂中升压物质的限度是否符合标准规定。该检查法的使用范围虽然较窄,但在临床用药安全上发挥着重要作用。本文就升压物质检查法的实验原理、实验系统、方法应用、各国药典收录情况、改进建议,以及实验要点进行综述,为相关实验人员提供参考。

考虑前车制动意图的自动紧急制动策略及其测试评价方法

为提高车辆自动紧急制动(AEB)系统的避撞性能,提出了一种考虑前车制动意图的AEB策略及其测试评价方法。通过搭建“PreScan+Simulink+驾驶模拟器”联合仿真平台采集驾驶人制动数据,基于K-均值(K-Means)聚类方法对制动意图进行分类,采用滑动时间窗口提取了意图识别模型训练数据集;通过双层隐马尔可夫模型识别前车制动意图,主车根据不同制动意图计算临界安全距离阈值并制定避撞控制策略;建立PreScan+Simulink虚拟仿真测试环境,提出了基于层次分析法的AEB策略综合评价方法,通过与4种典型AEB控制模型进行对比,验证了所提出方法在不同制动程度场景下均可及时触发制动以避免碰撞,同时可减少过早制动造成的驾驶不适感。

全触屏人机交互模式下驾驶人视觉分心时长预测

为了准确预测全触屏人机交互模式下驾驶人视觉分心时长,建立了考虑驾驶人分心风格的视觉分心时长预测模型。采用实车道路试验所采集的多车速视觉分心数据,基于击键水平模型(KLM)建立一组适用于全触屏车载设备的基本操作单元,以及以各基本操作单元数量与车速作为输入特征的视觉分心时长预测随机森林模型(RF),并采用自组织映射(SOM)算法将驾驶人聚类为谨慎型、正常型、激进型3类分心风格表征驾驶人视觉分心特性差异,将该参数作为输入特征添加至原模型实现优化。结果表明:优化后模型具有最良好的预测精度,测试集的均方误差、平均绝对误差和决定系数R^(2)分别为2.4148 s^(2)、1.0371 s、0.9345,较原模型分别提升30.52%、11.8%、3.18%;模型性能显著优于线性回归模型与XGBoost模型。研究结果可用于协助车载辅助驾驶系统适时警示或实施干预以降低分心所致的追尾风险,并为交互界面设计提供指导意见。