A novel digital control strategy of three-phase shunt active power filter under non-ideal mains voltages

A novel control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) was proposed to improve its performance under non-ideal mains voltages. The approach was inspired by our finding that the classic instantaneous reactive power theory based algorithm was unsatisfactory in terms of isolating positive sequence fundamental active components exactly under non-ideal mains voltages. So, a modified ip-iq reference current calculation method was presented. With usage of the new method, not only the positive sequence but also the fundamental active current components can be accurately isolated from load current. A deadbeat closed-loop control model is built in order to eliminate both delay error and tracking error between reference voltages and compensation voltages under unbalanced and distorted mains voltages. Computer simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective with better tracking ability and lower total harmonic distortion (THD). The strategy is also applied to a 10 kV substation with a local electrolysis manganese plant injecting a large amount of harmonics into the power system, and is proved to be more practical and efficient.

Optimal PV Allocation&Minimal tap-Changing Transformers Achieving Best Distribution Voltage Profile&Minimum Losses in active distribution networks

In distribution systems,voltage levels of the various buses should be maintained within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical installations and equipment.The task of voltage control is closely associated with fluctuating load conditions and corresponding requirements of reactive power compensation.The problem of load bus voltage optimization in distribution systems that have distributed generation(DG)has recently become an issue.In Oman,the distribution code limits the load bus voltage variations within±6%of the nominal value.Several voltage control methods are employed in active distribution systems with a high share of photovoltaic systems(PV)to keep the voltage levels within the desirable limits.In addition to the constraint of targeting the best voltage profile,another constraint has to be achieved which is the minimum loss in the distribution network.An optimised solution for voltage of load busses with on-load tap-changing(OLTC)tarnsformers and PV sources is presented in this paper.This study addresses the problem of optimizing the injected power from PV systems associated with the facilities of tap-changing transformers,as it is an important means of controlling voltage throughout the system.To avoid violating tap-changing constraints,a method is depicted for determining the minimal changes in transformer taps to control voltage levels with distributed PV sources.The taps of a range+5 to-15%,can be achieved by tap-changing transformers.The OLTC operation was designed to keep the secondary bus within the voltage standard for MV networks.

Online Learning Control for Harmonics Reduction Based on Current Controlled Voltage Source Power Inverters

Nonlinear loads in the power distribution system cause non-sinusoidal currents and voltages with harmonic components.Shunt active filters(SAF) with current controlled voltage source inverters(CCVSI) are usually used to obtain balanced and sinusoidal source currents by injecting compensation currents.However,CCVSI with traditional controllers have a limited transient and steady state performance.In this paper,we propose an adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) controller with online learning capability to improve transient response and harmonics.The proposed controller works alongside existing proportional integral(PI) controllers to efficiently track the reference currents in the d-q domain.It can generate adaptive control actions to compensate the PI controller.The proposed system was simulated under different nonlinear(three-phase full wave rectifier) load conditions.The performance of the proposed approach was compared with the traditional approach.We have also included the simulation results without connecting the traditional PI control based power inverter for reference comparison.The online learning based ADP controller not only reduced average total harmonic distortion by 18.41%,but also outperformed traditional PI controllers during transients.

Real-time Design Constraints in Implementing Active Vibration Control Algorithms

Although computer architectures incorporate fast processing hardware resources, high performance real-time implementation of a complex control algorithm requires an efficient design and software coding of the algorithm so as to exploit special features of the hardware and avoid associated architecture shortcomings. This paper presents an investigation into the analysis and design mechanisms that will lead to reduction in the execution time in implementing real-time control algorithms. The proposed mechanisms are exemplified by means of one algorithm, which demonstrates their applicability to real-time applications. An active vibration control （AVC） algorithm for a flexible beam system simulated using the finite difference （FD） method is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. A comparative performance evaluation of the proposed design mechanisms is presented and discussed through a set of experiments.

Improved Fx-VSSLMS algorithm for active vibration control of smart cantilever beam

Filtered-x least mean square(Fx-LMS) algorithm is popular in many adaptive processes. As its contradiction between convergence speed and stead-state error, the improvements of Fx-LMS algorithm with variable step size(VSS) have been developed. To strengthen the robustness of variable step size least mean square(VSSLMS) algorithms to noise disturbance in active vibration control(AVC) application, nine VSSLMS algorithms are introduced in detail. Then an improved VSSLMS algorithm is proposed for better performance. At last, the performance of these VSSLMS algorithms are compared in AVC experimental system with different noise level. The experimental results verifies the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed VSSLMS algorithm in AVC application.

1.0 V low voltage CMOS mixer based on voltage control load technique

A CMOS active mixer based on voltage control load technique which can operate at 1.0 V supply voltage was proposed,and its operation principle,noise and linearity analysis were also presented.Contrary to the conventional Gilbert-type mixer which is based on RF current-commutating,the load impedance in this proposed mixer is controlled by the LO signal,and it has only two stacked transistors at each branch which is suitable for low voltage applications.The mixer was designed and fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process for 2.4 GHz ISM band applications.With an input of 2.44 GHz RF signal and 2.442 GHz LO signal,the measurement specifications of the proposed mixer are:the conversion gain (GC) is 5.3 dB,the input-referred third-order intercept point (PIIP3) is 4.6 dBm,the input-referred 1 dB compression point (P1dB) is -7.4 dBm,and the single-sideband noise figure (NFSSB) is 21.7 dB.

提高AVC系统电压合格率的研究

文章对提高AVC(自动电压控制)系统电压合格率的方法进行了研究,对AVC系统电压控制存在的问题和影响AVC系统电压合格率的因素进行了分析。针对AVC系统中存在的电压合格率不高的问题,提出了一系列解决方案,包括优化控制策略、解决人工及时解锁问题等。结果表明,采取一定的控制策略和技术手段可显著提高AVC系统的电压合格率,有利于提高电网稳定性和经济性。

Enhanced AC Fault Ride-through Control for MMC-integrated System Based on Active PCC Voltage Drop

When a renewable energy station(RES)connects to the rectifier station(RS)of a modular multilevel converterbased high-voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC)system,the voltage at the point of common coupling(PCC)is determined by RS control methods.For example,RS control may become saturated under fault,and causes the RS to change from an equivalent voltage source to an equivalent current source,making fault analysis more complicated.In addition,the grid code of the fault ride-through(FRT)requires the RES to output current according to its terminal voltage.This changes the fault point voltage and leads to RES voltage regulation and current redistribution,resulting in fault response interactions.To address these issues,this study describes how an MMC-integrated system has five operation modes and three common characteristics under the duration of the fault.The study also reveals several instances of RS performance degradation such as AC voltage loop saturation,and shows that RS power reversal can be significantly improved.An enhanced AC FRT control method is proposed to achieve controllable PCC voltage and continuous power transmission by actively reducing the PCC voltage amplitude.The robustness of the method is theoretically proven under parameter variation and operation mode switching.Finally,the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through MATLAB/Simulink results.

Intelligent Voltage Control Method in Active Distribution Networks Based on Averaged Weighted Double Deep Q-network Algorithm

High penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and electric vehicles(EVs)makes future active distribution network(ADN)highly variable.These characteristics put great challenges to traditional voltage control methods.Voltage control based on the deep Q-network(DQN)algorithm offers a potential solution to this problem because it possesses humanlevel control performance.However,the traditional DQN methods may produce overestimation of action reward values,resulting in degradation of obtained solutions.In this paper,an intelligent voltage control method based on averaged weighted double deep Q-network(AWDDQN)algorithm is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of overestimation of action reward values in DQN algorithm and underestimation of action reward values in double deep Q-network(DDQN)algorithm.Using the proposed method,the voltage control objective is incorporated into the designed action reward values and normalized to form a Markov decision process(MDP)model which is solved by the AWDDQN algorithm.The designed AWDDQN-based intelligent voltage control agent is trained offline and used as online intelligent dynamic voltage regulator for the ADN.The proposed voltage control method is validated using the IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems containing renewable energy sources and EVs,and compared with the DQN and DDQN algorithms based methods,and traditional mixed-integer nonlinear program based methods.The simulation results show that the proposed method has better convergence and less voltage volatility than the other ones.

Low-voltage ride-through capability improvement of Type-3 wind turbine through active disturbance rejection feedback control-based dynamic voltage restorer

Disconnections due to voltage drops in the grid cannot be permitted if wind turbines(WTs)contribute significantly to electricity pro-duction,as this increases the risk of production loss and destabilizes the grid.To mitigate the negative effects of these occurrences,WTs must be able to ride through the low-voltage conditions and inject reactive current to provide dynamic voltage support.This paper investigates the low-voltage ride-through(LVRT)capability enhancement of a Type-3 WT utilizing a dynamic voltage restorer(DVR).During the grid voltage drop,the DVR quickly injects a compensating voltage to keep the stator voltage constant.This paper proposes an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme to control the rotor-side,grid-side and DVR-side converters in a wind–DVR integrated network.The performance of the Type-3 WT with DVR topology is evaluated under various test conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®.These simulation results are also compared with the experimental results for the LVRT capability performed on a WT emulator equipped with a crowbar and direct current(DC)chopper.The simulation results demonstrate a favourable transient and steady-state response of the Type-3 wind turbine quantities defined by the LVRT codes,as well as improved reactive power support under balanced fault conditions.Under the most severe voltage drop of 95%,the stator currents,rotor currents and DC bus voltage are 1.25 pu,1.40 pu and 1.09 UDC,respectively,conforming to the values of the LVRT codes.DVR controlled by the ADRC technique significantly increases the LVRT capabilities of a Type-3 doubly-fed induction generator-based WT under symmetrical voltage dip events.Although setting up ADRC controllers might be challenging,the proposed method has been shown to be extremely effective in reducing all kinds of internal and external disturbances.

电网厂站端自动电压控制(AVC)系统逻辑设计与应用

自动电压控制(Automatic Voltage Control,AVC)是现代电力系统控制的重要功能,厂站端母线电压自动调节功能对电网的安全与稳定有着重要影响。本文介绍了AVC系统基本原理和自动电压控制技术理论依据,根据现场AVC工程技术经验总结,对AVC系统结构与通信、AVC子站系统信号与数据流向进行了总结与分析设计,提出了厂站端AVC投退与安全逻辑、增减磁控制逻辑的设计方案,并结合华东电网某抽水蓄能电站现场调试工程应用对所提厂站端AVC系统逻辑设计方案进行了验证,在工程上对AVC逻辑设计与应用具有指导意义。

The Modified Multiple Model Switching Tuning Control Application in AVC

In the complex mechanical vibration environment, the dominant frequency of the system varies remarkably and swiftly under various running conditions, which also characterizes uncertainty and time-variation. It is very impending and important to suppress or isolate the detrimental vibrations related to the above memtoned system with active vibration control (AVC) technology. This paper presented the improved linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) control scheme with a specified filter to realize broadband disturbance/noise attenuation and assure intensive suppression of vibration at the key vibration frequency, then applies and modifies the multiple model switching tuning (MMST) control method by disturbance observation to track the variation of dominant vibration component timely. The effectiveness and superiority of the presented control method were demonstrated by numerical simulation and AVC experiment on a flexible cantilever beam under sweeping excitation.

西北电网集中式调相机AVC综合协调控制策略

为实现西北电网高比例新能源地区的无功优化控制,提出了一种高压直流换流站集中式调相机参与电网自动电压控制(automatic voltage control,AVC)的综合协调控制策略。首先分析了AVC的总体控制思路,按“软分区”思想构造了三级电压控制模式。针对西北电网和青海电网实际,在网省系统之间建立协调控制变量,结合最优潮流模型,形成了柴达木调相机参与AVC的综合协调控制策略。通过柴达木调相机AVC联调试验时偶遇的电网大扰动实例,验证了控制策略的良好适用性。所提出的AVC控制策略,可使调相机在电网稳态时发挥无功源作用,电网故障时提供瞬时强无功支撑,充分利用新一代调相机性能,提高电网无功电压调节水平。

An Adaptive Wireless Power Sharing Control for Multiterminal HVDC

Power sharing among multiterminal high voltage direct current terminals(MT-HVDC)is mainly developed based on a priority or sequential manners,which uses to prevent the problem of overloading due to a predefined controller coefficient.Furthermore,fixed power sharing control also suffers from an inability to identify power availability at a rectification station.There is a need for a controller that ensures an efficient power sharing among the MT-HVDC terminals,prevents the possibility of overloading,and utilizes the available power sharing.A new adaptive wireless control for active power sharing among multiterminal(MT-HVDC)systems,including power availability and power management policy,is proposed in this paper.The proposed control strategy solves these issues and,this proposed controller strategy is a generic method that can be applied for unlimited number of converter stations.The rational of this proposed controller is to increase the system reliability by avoiding the necessity of fast communication links.The test system in this paper consists of four converter stations based on three phase-two AC voltage levels.The proposed control strategy for a multiterminal HVDC system is conducted in the power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transient design and control(PSCAD/EMTDC)simulation environment.The simulation results significantly show the flexibility and usefulness of the proposed power sharing control provided by the new adaptive wireless method.

地区电网AVC定值及策略优化

根据目前地区电网AVC(Automatic Voltage Control)存在的问题,提出了适合实际电网运行状况的智能AVC定值和策略优化措施。提出了分时段定值整定和特殊厂站定值整定相结合的AVC定值优化方法,并设计了区域调压、就地调压和预调压相结合的AVC策略。相对原有的AVC控制策略,该优化措施提高了AVC动作的时效性和母线电压合格率,降低了设备动作次数和设备损耗。电网实际案例分析验证了AVC定值和策略优化的有效性。

火力发电中的自动电压控制AVC技术分析

伴随着经济的发展和电网的扩展,由于电压越限时间过长,以及无功补偿设备过多,区域电力负荷快速增加,这就导致了配电网所承载的传输电路极易发生故障,进而对用电用户的用电质量产生了影响。在火力发电厂的运行过程中,厂用电是制约其技术发展与运行的重要因素,自动电压控制(AVC)系统的应用对火力发电厂厂用电有比较明显的影响,因此,文章就上述内容展开分析。

溧阳抽水蓄能电站自动电压控制AVC子站逻辑与功能浅析

随着大机组、特高压电网的形成,电压不仅是电网电能质量的一项重要指标,而且也是保证电网安全、稳定和经济运行的重要因素。通过接收调度命令能够实现发电机组自动无功分配、自动调压控制的自动电压控制(AVC)系统的应用也成为一种趋势和必然。文章介绍了溧阳抽水蓄能电站AVC子站的总体架构组成、逻辑实现、功能策略。

某风电场监控系统功率控制器改造后的AVC联调试验方案

某风电场升压站继保室内风机监控系统功率控制器(ION)采集的无功值为某线路侧的无功值(即并网点无功值),由于该采样点位置无法获取35 kV侧6组集电线路的无功值,在风电机组监控系统与SVG的AVC遥控功能同时投入的情况下进行场内AVC联调时,风电机组监控系统接收的无功目标值无法分配下发至风机集群,造成风电机组监控系统无功出力调节未正常响应。因此,本文根据该风电场AVC联调试验需要,对风机监控系统功率控制柜电源、通信、电流及电压二次回路接线等采取技术改造,改造后进行AVC联调试验验证。

AVC系统在电力调度监控工作中的应用分析

自动电压控制(Automatic Voltage Control,AVC)系统是一种基于高级控制技术的电力自动化系统,具有智能化、自适应、快速响应等特点,被广泛用于电网调度和监控。随着电力供需规模不断扩大,电网运行环境越来越复杂,要求电力系统具备更强的自动化、智能化以及可靠性。深入探究AVC系统在电力调度监控工作中的应用,为电力系统研究人员和从业人员提供参考和借鉴。同时,也希望能够为AVC系统的推广应用提供一定的帮助和指导。