Estimation of surface water content at the Tianwen-1 Zhurong landing site

China’s first Mars rover,Zhurong,successfully landed in the south of Utopia Planitia.The surface water content at the landing area can provide constraints on mineral formation conditions and help us better understand the evolution of the Martian aqueous and geological environment.In this work,the surface kinetic temperature of the Zhurong landing area was derived by analyzing data from the Mars Express Observatoire pour la Minéralogie,l’Eau,les Glaces et l’Activité(OMEGA)spectrometer.Using the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer(DISORT)model,we performed atmospheric correction and thermal correction for the OMEGA data to obtain the surface effective single-particle absorption thickness(ESPAT)parameter to evaluate the surface water content.The surface water content distribution at the landing area was relatively uniform at a lateral scale of~10 km.At the Zhurong landing site,the surface water content in the topmost layer(a few hundred micrometers)of the regolith was 5−8 weight percent water(wt%H_(2)O),assuming surface particle sizes of<45μm,or 1.6−2.5 wt%H_(2)O,assuming surface particle sizes in the range of 125−250μm.The Mars Surface Composition Detector(MarSCoDe)onboard Zhurong also observed significant H_(2)O/OH signals in the landing area.Our results provide an important regional context for the hydration state of the area and can be further verified by the H content derived from the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometer(LIBS)data of MarSCoDe.

基于J2EE标准为基础的管理云平台设计

为提升建设公司在人力、项目、资金流等多内容管控能力,以适应“数字化企业”的构建、发展与转型,增强各单位、节点的管理能力、工作效率、工作质量,降低成本投入,提升综合实力和水平,结合有效经验,提出基于J2EE标准的管理云平台设计,并投入开发。该系统开发在满足传统一线工作人员对项目监控的同时,兼顾串联企业内各单位工作配合与调度,保证内容的存储、提取、工作交互等各方面的完备性,且耦合性低,更易维护与功能扩建。

Measurement of Neutron Capture Cross Section for ^(180)Hf

The neutron capture cross section for 180Hf relative to the 197Au（n,γ）198Au reaction ismeasured at neutron energies of 0.52,1.10 and 1.60 MeV using the activation method.Theactivities of the products are measured with a high resolution HPGe detector gamma ray spec-trometer.The errors of the measured results are 5%～6%.Our results have a good agreementwith those of other authors within errors.Cross sections for the reaction are calculated withUNF code and recommended data are also given.

浅议某静电植绒厂废水处理

本文通过小试与工程实践指出:对某静电植绒厂含酸性染料废水处理采用混凝与活性炭吸附工艺的物化处理方法是可行的。这种方法尤其适合于小型印染厂;如有必要时还可解决废水的回用问题。

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Biological Activities of N-(4-Cyanopyrazole-3-yl)-α-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-O,O-diisopropyl-α-aminophosphonate

The title compound has been synthesized by the addition reaction of N-（4-cyanopyrazole-3-yl）-3,5-difluorophenyl-imine and diisopropyl phosphate. Its structure was confirmed by means of IR, ^1H NMR and elemental analysis. The single-crystal structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.9959（14）, b = 9.2212（7）, c = 22.1108（16）A^°, β= 90.1540（10）°, V = 3873.0（5） A^°^3, Dc = 1.366 g/cm^3, Z = 8, μ = 0.185, F（000） = 1664, and the final R = 0.0503 and wR = 0.1539 for 2996 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The results demonstrate that the dihedral angle between the pyrazole and benzene rings is 105.5°, and there is a full delocalized pyrazole system with sp^2 hydridization of N（3）. The crystal structure is stabilized by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds of N（1）-H（1）…O（3） and N（3）-H（3A）…N（4）. The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has a moderate antifungal activity.

Pharmacological activities and herb-drug interactions of Panax ginseng and its chemical components:a review

OBJECTIVE Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer(ginseng)is a well-known medicinal plant worldwide and a key ingredient in many commercially-available health products.It is used as a tonic for invigoration and for tification in times of fatigue and debility or declining capacity for work and concentration.Previous in-house study has surveyed over three hundred ginseng and ginseng products(including P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng,P.pseudoginseng)available in Singapore.This review presents an overview of the pharmacological activities and herb-drug interactions of P.ginseng and its ginsenosides.METHODS Literature searches of PubMed and ScienceDirect were done to identify pharmacological activities and herb-drug interactions of P.ginseng,its extracts and its chemical components,including ginsenosides.Studies of whole plant extracts include both White ginseng and Red ginseng.The studies for the pharmacological activities of whole plant extract were limited to those published from 2009 to 2015.There was no restriction on the time frame of other studies.Terms such as″P.ginseng″,″Ginsenosides″were searched.Studies found included in vitro assays,in vivo animal studies,human clinical trials as well as individual case reports.RESULTS A total of 112 studies were found on whole plant extracts and 257 studies on its individual components.Whole plant extracts of ginseng were found to possess over fifty different pharmacological activities,while its individual components exhibit parts of this spectrum.P.ginseng was found to interact with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,irinotecan,mitomycin C,docetaxel,cisplatin,alcohol,midazolam,warfarin,phenelzine,raltegravir and imatinib.CONCLUSION P.ginseng and its components exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities and interact with some drugs.There remain much opportunities for future research.

The Strategies to Stimulate Students’Interest in English Teaching

With the rapid development in different fields in China,especially the extension of its further opening to the outside world,English language teaching and learning has accordingly witnessed a fast development in recent years.English teaching has stepped into a new stage in our country.More and more people begin to study English.So there is an urgent need to implement interest-activated in English teaching accordance with the present situation of our country.To meet the demand of it,more and more people are aware of the ways to improve the efficiency in English teaching and learning.The article holds that"interest is the best teacher."And it is very important to improve the interest of students.So this paper pays more attention to the ways to stimulate the students'interest in English teaching.

样品均匀性对PGNAA技术元素分析影响的初步研究

采用蒙特卡罗模拟技术,从样品自吸收和中子场在样品中分布特性两个角度,对中子活化瞬发γ射线分析(Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activition Analysis,PGNAA)技术中γ射线能谱受样品均匀性的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,因样品均匀性不同引起的样品自吸收及中子场分布的变化,对γ射线能谱有一定的影响。由于样品均匀性的变化,部分元素特征峰计数变化可达20%以上,从而在一定程度上影响了元素成分分析的准确度。

Abnormal Savda Syndrome:Long-Term Consequences of Emotional and Physical Stress on Endocrine and Immune Activities in An Animal Model

Objective： To investigate the relationship between emotional status, cold-dry environment and long-term immune responses to the stressors, and the potential pathological mechanisms between causative factors of abnormal Savda syndrome （ASS） and the susceptibility to disease; thus to clarify the ASS, and secondly to identify the optimal ASS animal model for further studies on traditional Uighur therapeutical formulations. Methods： Sixty mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups： control and 3 stress groups. The cold-dry environment was applied by keeping the mice in a climatic chamber. The emotional stress was induced by the application of the repeated electric foot-shocks in the electric foot-shock apparatus. The mice of the combined stress group underwent the repeated electric foot-shock treatment before being housed in the climatic chamber. The experimental routine was repeated for 21 days. In order to look into endocrine and immune stress responses, ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of the hormones corticotropin- releasing hormone （CRH）, adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）, Beta-endorphin （13-END） and corticosterone （CORT）, of the cytokines interleukin 2 （IL-2）, interleukin 6 （IL-6）, interferon-gamma （INF- ~/） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-or）, and of the immunoglobulins immunoglobulin A （IgA）, immunoglobulin M （IgM） and immunoglobulin G （IgG）. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in duplicate in order to determine differences in the T cell ratio. Results： In the cold-dry environment group, the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas serum 13 -END was not found significantly different. In both the repeated electric foot-shock group as well as in the combined stress group the serum levels of CRH, ACTH, 13 -END and CORT were significantly higher. Compared to the control animals, the serum concentration of INF-,y was significantly lower in all three different stress groups. The serum level of IL-2 was decreased in the combined stress group whereas the serum TNF-~x level was significantly higher. The serum IgG level was significantly higher in all three stress groups, whereas the IgA level was lower in both chronic electric foot-shock group and combined stress group. The IgM level was found significantly higher in the combined stress group only. The percentage of CD4＋ cells in peripheral blood was dramatically decreased in mice exposed to cold- dry environment, chronic electric foot-shock and combined stress, whereas the percentage of the CD8＊ subset was not significantly different. The CD4＊/CD8~ ratios were markedly lower in both cold-dry environment group and combined stress group. （Conclusions： Combined stress can cause hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance in the Thl/Th2 cell subset may contribute to illustrate the partial pathological mechanisms of ASS. This study identified this animal model of a combination of physical and emotional stress as an optimal model for further studies on ASS and relative therapies.

ON THE FORMATION OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE AND ITS TREND PREDICTIONS

The relationships between the solar activities and a great amount of O3 data have beenanalysed in more detail. We find that there are "sensitive areas" and "non-sensitive areas"existing in the total ozone responding to the influence of the 11- year solar cycle. Especially,the responses are stronger in the higher latitudes and the winter- spring period than that inthe lower latitudes and the summer- autumn period. Accordingly, in addition to the Chapmanprocess, which is the main one, there should be a secondary process for controlling thestratospheric ozone layer. Therefore, we also present a new viewpoint of the formation ofthe Antarctic ozone hole and predict its trend in the future years.