On the strengthening and slip activity of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy with pre-induced{1012¯}twins

{1012¯}twins were introduced into the magnesium(Mg)plate AZ31 via pre-rolling along its transverse direction.The plates,both with and without the pre-induced{1012¯}twins,were subjected to uniaxial tension along different directions.Using crystal plasticity modeling,we found that the strengthening effect of the pre-induced{1012¯}twins on the macroscopic flow stress primarily arised from the increased slip resistance caused by the boundaries,rather than the orientation hardening due to the twinning reorientation(although the latter did make its contribution in some specific loading directions).Besides,the pre-existing{1012¯}twins were found,by both experiments and simulation,to promote the activity of prismatic and pyramidal<c+a>in the parent matrix of the material.Further analysis showed that the enhanced non-basal slip activity is related to the{1012¯}twin boundaries’low micro Hall-Petch slope ratios of non-basal slips to basal slip.With the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)obtained from crystal plasticity modeling and the orientation data from EBSD,a probability-based slip transfer model was proposed.The model predicts higher slip transfer probabilities and thus lower strain concentration tendencies at{1012¯}twin boundaries than that at grain boundaries,which agrees with the experimental observation that the strain localization was primarily associated with the latter.The present findings are helpful scientifically,in deepening our understanding of how the pre-induced{1012¯}twins affect the strength and slip activity of Mg alloys,and technologically,in guiding the design of the pre-strain protocol of Mg alloys.

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) reinforced Mg biocomposites for use as orthopedic applications: Mechanical properties, cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity

Magnesium(Mg) has attracted wide interest in orthopedic applications as they exhibit great biodegradability and strong biocompatibility,while corrosion is the main concern for Mg that should be addressed prior to biomedical applications. In this work, ZM31(Mg-3Zn-1Mn)/x RGO(x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt%) biocomposites were synthesized by semi-powder metallurgy method. The results showed that the RGO acting as an effective reinforcing filler to prevent deformation and showed better compressive strength(282.3 ± 9 MPa) and revealed enhancement in failure Strain(7.8 ± 2.1%) at 1 wt% RGO concentration compared to Mg alloy(244.5 ± 9 MPa and 7.1 ± 1.5%respectively). Moreover, fracture analysis indicated a more ductile fracture of the nanocomposites after the incorporation of RGO. Crack bridging, crack deflection and crack branching are dominant mechanisms for reinforcement of Mg-based containing RGO. Mg composites containing 0.5 wt% RGO showed a low corrosion rate(2.75 mm/year), while more incorporation of RGO resulted in an increased corrosion rate(4.38 mm/year). In addition, the degradation rate of ZM31 alloy(2.57 mg·cm-2·d-1) obviously decreased with the addition of 0.5 wt%RGO(1.84 mg·cm-2·d-1) in the SBF. Besides, continuous apatite layers were created on the composites in the SBF solution. Also, the cell culture examinations showed good cell viability and adhesion on composites with 0.5 and 1 wt% RGO, which was demonstrated by the SEM and MTT assay The alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity of the ZM3–0.5RGO composite was considerably higher than that of ZM31matrix alloy in 24 h and 48 h, implying higher osteoblastic differentiation. The antibacterial behavior toward both bacteria(E. coli and S.aureus) exhibited that escalating RGO concentration in Mg-matrix composites leads to further inhibition of bacteria growth. These findings suggested that ZM31–0.5RGO biocomposite could be a more promising candidate for orthopedic implants.

Lu-Mg和Lu-Al合金热力学性质的理论分析

文章利用Miedema生成热模型计算Lu-Mg和Lu-Al二元合金的混合焓、过剩熵、过剩吉布斯自由能以及各组元的活度。结合Butler方程,计算Lu-Mg和Lu-Al合金熔体的表面张力以及表面相中各元素含量。研究结果表明,Lu-Mg和Lu-Al合金熔体的混合焓、过剩熵以及过剩吉布斯自由能都为负值,同时各组分活度较理想熔体有着一定负偏差,说明Lu与Mg和Al原子之间存在显著的相互作用力。Lu-Mg和Lu-Al合金熔体表面张力随Mg和Al含量的增加而减小,Mg和Al元素均会向熔体表面富集。

Influence of thermomechanical treatment on recrystallization and softening resistance of Cu-6.5Fe-0.3Mg alloy

The recrystallization and softening resistance of a Cu-6.5Fe-0.3Mg(mass fraction,%)alloy prepared by Process 1(cold rolling heat treatment)and Process 2(hot/cold rolling heat treatment)were studied using Vickers hardness tests,tensile tests,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The softening temperature,hardness and tensile strength of the alloy prepared by Process 2 were 110°C,HV 15 and 114 MPa higher,respectively,than those of the alloy prepared by Process 1 after aging at 300°C.The recrystallization activation energy of the alloys prepared by Process 1 and Process 2 were 72.83 and 98.11 kJ/mol,respectively.The pinning effects of the precipitates of the two alloys on grain boundaries and dislocations were basically the same.The softening mechanism was mainly attributed to the loss of dislocation strengthening.The higher Fe fiber density inhibited the average free migration path of dislocations and grain boundary migration in the alloy,which was the main reason for higher softening temperature of the alloy prepared by Process 2.

Corrosion and discharge performance of Mg-9%Al-2.5%Pb alloy as anode for seawater activated battery

To obtain a new kind of Mg?Al?Pb alloy anode material with low content of Pb, the corrosion and discharge behavior of Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb (hereafter in mass fraction) alloy were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical techniques, and compared with those of Mg?6%Al?5%Pb alloy. The results indicate that Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy exhibits a lower self-corrosion rate and higher utilization efficiency in contrast with Mg?6%Al?5%Pb alloy because of the higher content of Al. As the result of the decrease of Pb content, the discharge activity of Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy is relatively weaker but still meets the requirement of anode. These results reveal that Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy with a low content of Pb can serve as a good candidate for the anode material used in seawater activated battery.

EFFECTS OF CALDESMON, CALPONIN, AND TROPOMYOSIN ON THE MG^(2+)-ATPase ACTIVITIES OF SMOOTH MUSCLE MYOSIN

Objective To test whether in the absence of actin, actin-binding proteins such as caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin interact with the myosin of unphosphorylation, Ca 2+ -dependent phosphorylation (CDP), and Ca 2+ -independent phosphorylati-on (CIP) and stimulate myosin Mg 2+ -ATPase activities. Methods Mg 2+ -ATPase activities were measured to evaluate the effects of caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin on the myosin in unphosphorylation, CDP by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and CIP by MLCK. Results (1) At different incubation-time, i.e., 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes, the highest Mg 2+ -ATPase activity was ob-served when myosin was in the state of CDP, the medium was CIP of myosin, and the lowest was the unphosphorylated myosin. (2) In the absence of caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin, the Mg 2+ -ATPase activities from high to low were in the following order: CDP, CIP, and unphosphorylated myosin. However, in the presence of caldesmon, calponin, and tropo-myosin, the order of relative value of Mg 2+ -ATPase activities from high to low was unphosphorylated, CIP, and CDP of myosin respectively compared to the corresponding controls. Conclusions The results propose that caldesmon, calponin, and tropomyosin are capable of stimulating Mg 2+ -ATPase activity of smooth muscle myosin in Ca 2+ -independent manner, since Ca 2+ is not obligating for the stimulating effects of the three proteins. The common characteristic of the three proteins is that when myosin activities are low, their activations are relatively strong and this property might be involved in smooth muscle tension keeping.

0.67 mg/kg国光“优丰”三十烷醇微乳剂对小麦生长和产量的影响

为了验证0.67 mg/kg国光"优丰"三十烷醇微乳剂对小麦生长和产量的影响,于小麦抽穗至扬花期喷施2次。结果表明,该药剂对小麦生长、增产的促进效果明显,在小麦"一喷三防"中具有广阔的推广应用前景。

Underlying mechanisms of variation in yield asymmetry and strain hardening behavior of extruded pure Mg with Gd addition

Effects of Gd addition on the strain hardening behavior and yield asymmetry of pure Mg are investigated by subjecting extruded pure Mg,Mg–5Gd,and Mg–15Gd(all in wt%)to tension and compression tests along the extrusion direction(ED).As the amount of Gd added to pure Mg increases,the basal texture tilts toward the ED and the distribution of c-axes of grains becomes randomized.Under tension,the strain hardening rates of all the materials decrease until fracture.However,under compression,the strain hardening rate increases in the early stage of deformation in pure Mg and Mg–5Gd,whereas it continuously decreases in Mg–15Gd.Pure Mg exhibits considerably high tension-compression yield asymmetry,with a compressive yield strength(CYS)to tensile yield strength(TYS)ratio of 0.4.In contrast,Mg–5Gd exhibits excellent yield symmetry with CYS/TYS of 0.9 and Mg–15Gd exhibits reversed yield asymmetry with CYS/TYS of 1.2.Underlying mechanisms of these drastically different Gd-addition-induced deformation behaviors of the materials are discussed in terms of the crystallographic distribution of grains and the relative activation stresses of basal slip,prismatic slip,pyramidal slip,and{10–12}twinning under tension and compression.

Magnesium incorporation activates perovskite cobaltites toward efficient and stable electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Cobalt-rich perovskite oxides play a paramount role in catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction(OER)on account of their acceptable intrinsic activity but are still challenging due to the high costs and undesired stability.In response to the defects,herein,the Mg-incorporated perovskite cobaltite SrCo_(0.6)Fe_(0.3M)g_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(SCFM-0.1)is proposed as a novel earth-abundant and durable OER electrocatalyst.A well-consolidated cubic-symmetry structure and more active oxygen intermediates are enabled upon Mg substitution.Hence,the optimized SCFM-0.1 perovskite oxide achieves prominent OER electrocatalytic performance,that is,a low overpotential of only 320 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),a small Tafel slope of 65 mV dec^(-1),as well as an outstanding durability within 20 h,substantially outperforming that of the pristine SrCo_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)O_(3-δ)and benchmark Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)and IrO_(2) catalysts.The strong pHdependent behavior associated with lattice oxygen activation mechanism for SCFM-0.1 catalyst is also confirmed.This work paves a unique avenue to develop cost-effective and robust perovskite cobaltites for efficient OER electrocatalysis.

Inhibition of Cell Growth and Telomerase Activity in Osteosarcoma Cells by DN-hTERT

In order to study the effects of dominant negative human telomerase reverse transcriptase （DN-hTERT） on cell growth and telomerase activity in osteosarcoma cell line MG63, MG63 cells were transfected with DN-hTERT-IRES2-EGFP9 （DN） or IRES2-EGF （I, blank vector） with lipofectamine 2000. The stably transfected cells were selected with G-418. Cell growth properties were examined under a fluorescence microscope. The hTERT mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Telomerase activities were measured by TRAP-ELISE. The tumorigenicity was studied with tumor xenografts by subcutaneous injection of cancer cells into nude mice. The results showed that cell growth was suppressed in MG63 cells transfected with DN-hTERT. The hTERT mRNA was increased in N-hTERT transfected-MG63 cells （MG63/DN）. The telomerase activity was 2.45±0.11 in MG63/DN cells, while 3.40±0.12 in the cells transfected with blank vector （MG63/I）, （P〈0.05）; DN-hTERT-expressing clones did not form tumors in 2 weeks, but the ratio of tumorigenesis was 30 % in nude mice bearing MG63/I （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that DN-hTERT could specifically inhibit the cell growth and telomerase activity in MG63 cells.

75kg/m钢轨接头养护采用MG接头技术的研究

1 概况实现重载、高速是铁路运输上新台阶的重要措施。按照“八五”发展规划，京广线将开行5000t重载列车，列车时速将达到140km，轨道结构逐步向75kg/m重型钢轨发展。因此，设备的更新，作业方法和手段也要随之改变。保定工务段1985年铺设了3km75kg/m钢轨25m的短轨线路，使用后发现，设备病害较多。

Propylene Polymerization by TiCl_4 Supported on Mg(OEt)_2 Activating with Ethanol/CO_2 System

In the preparation of catalyst for propylene polymerization, the Mg(OEt) 2 support was activated with ethanol/CO 2 system followed by solidification, and treated with TiCl 4 in the presence of ethylbenzoate as an internal donor(ID). The chemical compositions of the activated support and the prepared catalyst were examined in detail. During the dissolution of Mg(OEt) 2 support in ethanol medium with CO 2 bubbling, the structure of support changed to magnesium hydrocarbyl carbonate, (CH 3CH 2O) 2- x Mg(O (C O) OCH 2CH 3) x ( x = 1,2). The content of carbonated CO 2 in the activated support was dependent on the heat treatment in the solidification of support. In the preparation procedure of polymerization catalyst, the activated support was treated with TiCl 4 so that the structure of support was converted to MgCl 2 with the incorporation of ID. The polymerization behavior of the pre-pared catalyst was also studied in the presence of phenyltriethoxysilane as an external donor.

Influence of Ga and In on microstructure and electrochemical properties of Mg anodes

The influence of Ga and In on the electrochemical properties of Mg anode materials were investigated by the polarization and galvanostatic curve tests. The microstructure and the corroded surface of the Mg-In-Ga alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The corrosion product of the Mg-0.8%In （mass fraction） and Mg-0.8%Ga-0.3%In alloy were determined by X-ray diffraction. The results show that no second phase exists in the Mg-xIn （x=0-0.8%） allloys. Intergranular compounds containing Ga and In elements occur in the Mg-0.8%In-xGa （x=0-0.8%） alloys. The addition of In into Mg as well as the addition of 0.05%-0.5%Ga into Mg-In alloy promotes the corrosion resistance. The addition of Ga into Mg-In alloys also promotes the electrochemical activity. The Mg-0.8%In-0.8%Ga alloy has the most negative mean potential,-1.682 V, which is more negative than -1.406 V in AZ91D. The corrosion type of the Mg-In-Ga alloys is general corrosion and the corrosion product is Mg（OH）2.

温灸家兔穴位后循经皮肤温度及组织Ca^(2+)-、Mg^(2+)-ATP酶活性的变化

目的:研究循经温度形成的现象与Ca2+、Mg2+-ATP酶活性变化的关系,探讨循经高温线形成的能量代谢机制。方法:选用健康成年家兔7只,用红外热像仪观察温灸左后肢外侧"后三里"、右后肢内侧"阴陵泉"穴诱发胃经和脾经出现的温度变化。选取温灸后循经出现温度较高部位(高温区)的组织,用酶学方法测定Ca2+、Mg2+-ATP酶活性,并与非高温区(对照区)组织比较。结果:温灸家兔"后三里""阴陵泉"穴循经组织温度明显升高。右后肢内侧(足太阴脾经)高温区组织Mg2+-ATP酶活性明显高于对照区组织(P<0.05);左后肢外侧(足阳明胃经)高温区组织Mg2+-ATP酶活性亦有增高趋势,但与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。温灸后,双后肢循经高温区组织Ca2+-ATP酶活性较对照区有升高趋势,但差异无显著性统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:1)家兔足太阴脾经循经出现温度较高组织的Mg2+-ATP酶活性较非高温区增强,可能导致外周ATP释放能量的功能活动加强,从而促使组织能量代谢旺盛。2)家兔循经温度较高组织的Ca2+-ATP酶活性未见明显改变,提示Ca2+-ATP酶活性在循经高温区的形成过程中可能不起主要作用。

MgO活性及其在MgCl_2 溶液中溶度的研究

测定了不同MgO的碘值和比表面积 ,给出了MgO活性与煅烧温度之间的关系式。研究了MgO活性、煅烧温度、溶解温度和MgCl2 浓度等对MgO溶解的影响。并讨论了活性MgO在含不同硼碱比 [n(B2 O3) :n(MgO) =n]的MgCl2 溶液中形成硼酸镁盐过饱和溶液与增溶的MgO关系。

Mg^(2+)对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长活性的影响

研究了在常用的细菌浸出条件下 (t=30℃ ,pH 2 .0 ) ,Mg2 + 对氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (T .f)生长活性的影响。结果表明 ,该实验所用菌株具有一定的耐Mg2 + 能力 ;当培养基中 ρ(Mg2 + )≤ 10 .5 g/L时 ,Mg2 + 对细菌的生长活性没有不利的影响 ;ρ(Mg2 + ) 15 .5 g/L时对细菌生长活性的影响较明显 ;ρ(Mg2 + ) 2 0 .5 g/L时细菌的生长完全受到抑制。经驯化后的该菌株耐Mg2 + 性明显提高 ,在含 ρ(Mg2 + ) 15 .5g/L的培养基中细菌的生长活性良好。

Effects of Hg and Ga on microstructures and electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Mg anode alloys

The effects of Hg and Ga on the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the Mg-2%Hg, Mg-2%Ga and Mg-2%Hg-2%Ga (mass fraction) alloys were investigated by measurements of polarization curves, galvanostatic tests and measurements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and energy dispersive spectrometry were employed to characterize the microstructures and the corroded surface of the above alloys. The results demonstrate that the microstructure of the Mg-2%Ga alloy is solid solution and the Mg-2%Hg and Mg-2%Hg-2%Ga alloys have white second-phases at the grain boundaries. The Mg-2%Ga alloy has the worst electrochemical activity and the best corrosion resistance, showing a mean potential of -1.48 V and a corrosion current density of 0.15 mA/cm2. The Mg-2%Hg-2%Ga alloy has the best electrochemical activity and the worst corrosion resistance, showing a mean potential of -1.848 V and a corrosion current density of 2.136 mA/cm2. The activation mechanism of the Mg-Hg-Ga alloy is dissolution-deposition of the Hg and Ga atoms.

Pb-Mg-Al合金的热变形行为与加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究Pb-Mg-Al合金在变形温度453～613 K、应变速率0.01～1 s-1条件下的热压缩流变行为,计算应力指数和变形激活能,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金的高温变形的本构关系,基于Murty准则,建立Pb-Mg-Al合金的加工图。结果表明:Pb-Mg-Al合金为正应变速率敏感材料;该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦函数本构方程和Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其平均变形激活能为149.524 4kJ/mol;从加工图分析并结合激活能,确定Pb-Mg-Al合金的最优变形温度和应变速率分别为533 K和0.1 s-1。

Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr合金本构方程模型及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机在温度为623～773 K,应变速率为0.001～1 s-1条件下对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr(wt%)合金进行热压缩实验,研究了该合金热变形行为及热加工特征,建立了该合金热变形时的本构方程和加工图。结果表明,该合金高温变形时的峰值应力随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的升高而显著减小;变形激活能为289.36 kJ/mol;合金高温变形时存在两个失稳区,分别是变形温度为770～773 K,应变速率为0.1 s-1左右的区域,和变形温度小于750 K,应变速率小于0.03s-1的区域;合金的最佳热加工温度为750～773 K,应变速率为0.001～0.01 s-1。

Ag对Al-Cu-Mg合金Ω相析出行为的影响

用硬度测试、差热分析(DSC)以及透射电镜(TEM)研究Al-Cu-Mg-(Ag)合金时效过程中组织和性能的演变;根据不同升温速率的DSC曲线,采用Kissinger法计算Ω相和θ′相的激活能,探讨Ag对Al-Cu-Mg合金Ω相和θ′相析出行为的影响。结果表明:Al-Cu-Mg合金经185℃时效后,时效硬化曲线呈双阶段硬化特征,生成少量Ω相;添加Ag后,合金的时效硬化能力显著提高,经170、185和200℃时效时,对应的峰值时效时间分别为10、5和2 h,峰值硬度随着时效温度的升高而下降;Ag能促进Ω相析出,使θ′相的激活能提高,从而抑制θ′相的析出。