Surface roughening of Nafion membranes using different route planning for IPMCs

In this paper,three different roughening route planning methods(free coarsening,vertical coarsening,circling coarsening)were designed to pre-treat the basement membrane.The platinum IPMC was prepared by electroless plating to observe their surface morphology and test their performances such as output displacement and blocking force.The results show that the platinum electrode of the vertical coarsening route planning of IPMC is distributed in the shape of fish scales and is the most compact and regular on the surface electrode.The thickness of the platinum electrode layer is about 13μm,the maximum output displacement is 54.89 mm,the blocking force of 15.46 mN,and the maximum strain energy density of the IPMC of 2.44 KJ/m^(3).Vertical coarsening route planning can significantly improve the electrodynamic properties of IPMC,and it is recommended that the surface roughening of IPMC be utilized in the research and application of IPMC.It lays a certain experimental foundation for the performance improvement and innovation research and development of IPMC in the subsequent stage.

Large electrostrictive effect and strong photoluminescence properties in Sm_(2)O_(3)-modified lead-free potassium sodium niobate-based piezoelectric ceramics

In this work,the phase transition behavior and electrostrictive and photoluminescence properties of Sm_(2)O_(3)-modified 0.965(K_(0.48)Na_(0.52))(Nb_(0.95)Sb_(0.05))e_(0.035)Bi_(0.5)(Na_(0.82)K_(0.18))_(0.5)HfO_(3)(KNNSe0.035BNKH)ceramics were investigated.Results showed that the phase structure of the Sm2O3-modified ceramics evolved from coexisting orthogonal and tetragonal ferroelectric phases to a relaxor pseudocubic phase along with the strong destruction of the long-range ferroelectric order.Domain switching in Smmodified ceramics with a relaxor pseudocubic phase became difficult,evident from the PFM images.Consequently,large electrostrictive effect with an electrostrictive coefficient of 0.022 m4/C2 was obtained in 1.0 mol%Sm-modified samples.With regard to long-term stability,the materials exhibited temperature-independent(20-100℃)and fatiguefree(up to 105 cycles)behavior,which guarantees their application in various devices.The KNNSe0.035BNKHexSm ceramics have the advantages of photoluminescence performance with bright orange emission under 407 nm visible light excitation.Overall,KNNS0.035BNKHxSm ceramics have broad application prospects in multifunction devices due to their large electrostrictive effect,excellent photoluminescence performance,and long-term stability.