Study of Adverse Events of Streptokinase Therapy in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Despite of different adverse events, streptokinase (SK) is widely used to treat patients presented with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe different adverse events in patients of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving SK infusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional type of analytic observational study was carried out in the inpatient department of Cardiology at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh from December 23rd 2019 to February 22nd 2020 for a period of two (2) months. All patients diagnosed as acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving SK were included in the present study. Adverse events were documented through completing a questionnaire by reviewing the records in the medical file as well as interviewing with the patients. Result: In this study, 43 (26.2%) patients developed different types of adverse events and 121 (73.8%) had no complications following SK infusion. The most common adverse event was hypotension i.e. 26 (60.4%) and other adverse events were bleeding 8 (4.8%) and allergic reaction 7 (4.2%). Statistically significant higher rate of adverse events occurred in diabetic, hypertensive and dyslipidemia group which was 26 (56.5%) Vs. 17 (14.4%), p = 0.000, 37 (36.6%) Vs. 06 (09.5%), p = 0.000 and 18 (54.5%) Vs. 25 (19.1%), p = 0.000 respectively. The independent factors for the development of adverse events were smoking {OR: 5.1 with 95% CI (1.7 to 15.1), p = 0.003}, diabetes {OR: 14.9 with 95% CI (5.0 to 44.8), p = 0.000}, hypertension {OR: 5.1with 95% CI (1.7 to 15.1), p = 0.003} and dyslipidemia {OR: 4.6 with 95% CI (1.5 to 13.7), p = 0.007}. Conclusion: Streptokinase infusion was associated with different adverse events. Among them the commonest one was hypotension and other less common events were minor bleeding and minor allergic reaction. The adverse events were more frequently documented in patients who were smoker, diabetic, hypertensive and dyslipidemic.

Serum uric acid in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:Few studies investigated serum uric acid levels in patients with acute STelevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).The study was to assess the clinical value of serum uric acid levels in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).METHODS:Totally 502 consecutive patients with STEMI were retrospectively studied from January 2005 to December 2010.The level of serum lipid,echocardiographic data and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients with hyperuricemia(n=119) were compared with those in patients without hyperuricemia(n=383).The relationship between the level of serum uric acid and the degree of diseased coronary artery was analyzed.All data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.0 software for Student's t test,the Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.RESULTS:Serum uric acid level was positively correlated with serum triglyceride level.Hyperlipidemia was more common in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients(43.7%vs.33.7%,P=0.047),and serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in hyperuricemia patients(2.11±1.24 vs.1.78±1.38,P=0.014).But no significant association was observed between serum uric acid level and one or more diseased vessels(P>0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd) was larger in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients(53.52±6.19 vs.52.18±4.89,P=0.041).The higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction was discovered in hyperuricemia patients(36.4%vs.15.1%,P<0.001;68.2%vs.55.8%,P=0.023).Also,hyperuricemia patients were more likely to have in-hospital MACE(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Serum uric acid level is positively correlated with serum triglyceride level,but not with the severity of coronary artery disease.Hyperuricemia patients with STEMI tend to have a higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction and more likely to have more in-hospital MACE.

One Case of Primary Thrombocythemia with Concealed Hypokalemia Complicated by Acute Myocardial Infarction

Medical history summary: Male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to “dizziness accompanied by chest tightness and pain for more than 8 days”. One week ago, the patient experienced chest tightness, chest pain accompanied by profuse sweating for 3 hours and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a local hospital. The procedure revealed left main stem occlusion with subsequent left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After the procedure, the patient experienced hemodynamic instability, recurrent ventricular fibrillation, and critical condition, thus transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Symptoms and signs: The patient is in a comatose state, unresponsive to stimuli, with bilateral dilated pupils measuring 2.0 mm, exhibiting reduced sensitivity to light reflex, and recurrent fever. Coarse breath sounds can be heard in both lungs, with audible moist rales. Irregular breathing pattern is observed, and heart sounds vary in intensity. No pathological murmurs are auscultated in any valve auscultation area. Diagnostic methods: Coronary angiography results at the local hospital showed complete occlusion of the left main stem, and left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed. However, the distal guidewire did not pass through. After admission, blood tests showed a Troponin T level of 1.44 ng/ml and a Myoglobin level of 312 ng/ml. The platelet count was 1390 × 109/L. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity was measured at 201.9%. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed active bone marrow proliferation and platelet clustering. The peripheral blood smear also showed platelet clustering. JAK-2 gene testing was positive, confirming the diagnosis of primary thrombocytosis. Treatment methods: The patient is assisted with mechanical ventilation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation to improve coronary blood flow. Electrolyte levels are closely monitored, especially maintaining plasma potassium levels between 4.0 and 4.5 mmol/l. Hydroxyurea 500 mg is administered for platelet reduction. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are used rationally to prevent further infarction or bleeding. Antiarrhythmic, lipid-lowering, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and heart failure treatment are also provided. Clinical outcome: The family members chose to withdraw treatment and signed for discharge due to a combination of reasons, including economic constraints and uncertainty about the prognosis due to the long disease course. Acute myocardial infarction has gradually become one of the leading causes of death in our country. As a “green channel” disease, corresponding diagnostic and treatment protocols have been established in China, and significant progress has been made in emergency care. There are strict regulations for the time taken from the catheterization lab to the cardiac intensive care unit, and standardized treatments are provided to patients once they enter the intensive care unit. Research results show that the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with primary thrombocythemia within 10 years is 9.4%. This type of disease is rare and difficult to cure, posing significant challenges to medical and nursing professionals. In order to benefit future patients, we have documented individual cases of treatment and nursing care for these patients. The research results show that these patients exhibit resistance to traditional oral anticoagulant drugs and require alternative anticoagulants. Additionally, there are significant differences in serum and plasma potassium levels among patients. Therefore, when making clinical diagnoses, it is necessary to carefully distinguish between the two. Particularly, nursing personnel should possess dialectical thinking when supplementing potassium levels in patients in order to reduce the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and mortality rates.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Kawasaki disease:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease(KD)is an acute self-limiting febrile vasculitis that occurs during childhood and can cause coronary artery aneurysm(CAA).CAAs are associated with a high rate of adverse cardiovascular events.CASE SUMMARY A Korean 35-year-old man with a 30-year history of KD presented to the emergency room with chest pain.Emergent coronary angiography was performed as ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads was observed on the electrocardiogram.An aneurysm of the left circumflex(LCX)coronary artery was found with massive thrombi within.A drug-eluting 4.5 mm 23 mm-sized stent was inserted into the occluded area without complications.The maximal diameter of the LCX was 6.0 mm with a Z score of 4.7,suggestive of a small aneurysm considering his age,sex,and body surface area.We further present a case series of 19 patients with KD,including the current patient,presenting with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Notably,none of the cases showed Z scores;only five patients(26%)had been regularly followed up by a physician,and only one patient(5.3%)was being treated with antithrombotic therapy before ACS occurred.CONCLUSION For KD presenting with ACS,regular follow up and medical therapy may be crucial for improved outcomes.

Plaque herniation after stenting the culprit lesion with myocardial bridging in ST elevation myocardial infarction: A case report

BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging(MB)is increasingly recognized to stimulate atherogenesis,which may contribute to an acute coronary syndrome.Stenting the coronary segment with MB has been recognized to have an increased risk of in-stent restenosis,stent fracture and coronary perforation.The safety and efficacy of stenting the culprit lesion with overlaying MB in ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)as primary reperfusion therapy has not been established.CASE SUMMARY We reported a patient who presented with inferior STEMI with a culprit lesion of an acute thrombotic occlusion in the right coronary artery and thrombolysis and thrombin inhibition in myocardial infarction 0 flow.After the stent placement during primary percutaneous coronary intervention,intravascular ultrasound revealed MB overlying the stented segment where heavy atherosclerotic plaque were present.Likely due to the combination of plaque herniation or prolapse caused by MB,as well as local increased inflammation and thrombogenicity,acute stent thrombosis occurred at this region,which led to acute stent failure.The patient required an emergent repeated cardiac catheterization and placing a second layer of stent to enhance the radial strength and reduce the inter-strut space.CONCLUSION Plaque herniation or prolapse after stenting a MB segment in STEMI is a potential etiology for acute stent failure.

基于冠状动脉造影术中即刻新型评分系统对STEMI患者急诊PCI术中慢血流/无复流的预测价值和短期预后研究

目的基于临床指标和造影术中即刻影像学指标构建新型评分系统评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)接受急诊PCI(PPCI)术中慢血流/无复流的风险。方法本研究连续入选325例接受PPCI的STEMI患者作为建模组;另外连续入选412例患者作为验证组,用于验证该评分系统对慢血流/无复流(SF/NRF)的预测价值,并评估住院期间该评分系统高风险组与低风险组主要不良心血管事件的相关性。结果本研究使用5个变量建立SF/NRF预测模型。SF/NRF的独立预测因素为Killip≥2级、症状发作到球囊扩张时间≥4 h、初始TIMI血流0级、造影血栓负荷分级≥4和IRA管径≥3.5 mm。依据OR值对SF/NRF的独立预测因素进行赋分,进而建立SF/NRF的独立预测因素预测模型,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示该模型评分≥7分对SF/NRF预测的敏感度为81.2%,特异度为72.3%(AUC=0.845,95%CI:0.788~0.902,P=0.012)。在验证队中使用该模型评分≥7分对SF/NRF预测的敏感度为78.2%,特异度为69.5%(AUC=0.752,95%CI:0.687~0.827,P=0.021)。在建模组、验证组和总人群中高危组(≥7分)住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)显著高于对照组。结论基于冠状动脉造(冠脉)影术中即刻新型评分系统对STEMI患者PPCI术中SF/NRF具有良好的预测价值,且高风险组患者住院期间MACE显著高于低风险组。

NLR与MSI对急性NSTEMI短期预后判断价值

目的本研究旨在探讨校正休克指数(MSI)和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)在判断急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者短期内可能出现不良预后的预测能力。方法研究组选择2020年3月到2021年9月期间,首次就诊急诊科明确诊断为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的276例患者。通过快速急诊绿道监测血压与心率,并于急诊科10 min内抽取血常规、床旁心脏彩超等相关化验检查,依据监测及化验结果,研究小组计算了校正休克指数(MSI)和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR),然后根据统计结果将患者分为2组:NLR≥5.0组(n=75)与NLR﹤5.0组(n=201);(2)MSI≥1.2组(n=57)与MSI<1.2组(n=219)。比较2组一般资料情况,发生不良心血管事件的比例,采用受试者ROC曲线下面积来评估NLR值和MSI值对NSTEMI院内不良心血管事件的预测能力。结果连续入选的276例NSTEMI患者中,发生不良心血管事件52例,占18.8%,心源性休克患者15例,占5.4%,恶性心律失常患者24例,占8.7%,死亡13例,占4.7%。NLR≥5.0与MSI≥1.2值组的心功能、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)分别与NLR<5.0与MSI<1.2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NLR≥5.0与MSI≥1.2组MACE发生率分别高于NLR<5.0组与MSI<1.2组(P<0.05)。此外,NLR和MSI的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.734和0.703,提示NLR和MSI均具有评价急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者短期不良心血管事件发生能力。结论MSI与NLR是评估NSTEMI短期不良预后的两个简单的重要的易获得指标。

血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平与急性STEMI患者冠状动脉高血栓负荷的关系

目的探讨血清可溶性信号肽-CUB-表皮生长因子样结构域蛋白1(SCUBE1)、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉高血栓负荷(HTB)的关系。方法选取126例急性STEMI患者(急性STEMI组),根据血栓分级分为HTB患者57例和非HTB患者69例;另选取87名健康体检者为对照组。用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2;用多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的影响因素;用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平对急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的预测价值。结果急性STEMI组血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平高于对照组(P均<0.05)。HTB患者年龄、吸烟比例、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白细胞计数、SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平高于非HTB患者(P均<0.05),两者性别、基础疾病、罪犯血管、Gensini评分、左室射血分数比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加、吸烟和血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平升高为急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平联合预测急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的曲线下面积为0.874,大于二者单独预测的0.794、0.791(P均<0.05)。结论急性STEMI患者血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平升高与冠状动脉HTB密切相关,二者联合检测对急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的预测价值较高。

急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平及对预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨并分析急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血清纤维蛋白原/白蛋白值(FAR)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GGT),N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平对预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年2月邯郸市中心医院收治的实施PCI的急性NSTEMI患者93例,根据术后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况将其分为MACE组(n=21)及无MACE组(n=72)。比较术前、术后30 d MACE组及无MACE组血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对影响急性NSTEMI患者术后30 d MACE发生的危险因素进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平对急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的预测价值。结果MACE组年龄为(65.37±3.46)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级11例;病变支数双支5例,3支16例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.87±0.55)%、(53.27±3.06)U/L、(914.35±84.35)ng/mL。无MACE组的年龄为(58.71±2.86)岁;Killip分级为Ⅰ级32例,Ⅱ级27例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例;病变支数为双支53例,3支19例;术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平分别为(2.12±0.51)%、(44.33±3.35)U/L、(656.82±75.63)ng/mL。MACE组和无MACE组的年龄、Killip分级、病变支数及术后30 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组性别、吸烟史、高血压史、高血脂史、糖尿病史及术前1 d血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP升高均为影响急性期NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的独立危险因素(OR=3.074、2.686、3.340,P均<0.05)。ROC结果显示血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP及其联合检测预测急性NSTEMI患者术后MACE发生的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.681、0.690、0.733和0.790,联合检测的AUC更高(P<0.05)。结论血清FAR、γ-GGT、NT-proBNP水平升高增加了急性NSTEMI患者PCI术后MACE的发生风险,三者联合检测对患者术后不良预后有一定预测价值。

急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素分析及风险预测Nomogram模型构建

目的分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,pPCI)术后6个月内主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)的影响因素,并构建风险预测Nomogram模型。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年12月安阳市人民医院收治的519例行pPCI术的急性STEMI患者的临床资料,将其按照2∶1的比例随机分为模型组(n=346)和验证组(n=173)。根据pPCI术后6个月内MACE的发生情况,将模型组患者分为发生组和未发生组,采用Logistic回归分析筛选急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素,构建风险预测Nomogram模型并对其进行验证。结果Killip心功能III/IV级、术后TIMI分级≤2级、术后无复流、N末端B型钠尿肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、碎裂QRS波(fragmented QRS wave,fQRS波)、超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C reactive protein,hs-CRP)是急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素(P<0.05)。模型组和验证组的校准曲线显示,Nomogram模型校准曲线和理想曲线的一致性良好,两组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果分别为χ^(2)=2.135、P=0.977,χ^(2)=3.756、P=0.878;受试者工作特征曲线显示,该模型预测模型组和验证组患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的曲线下面积分别为0.827、0.811;决策曲线显示,急性STEMI患者根据该模型预测pPCI术后6个月内MACE发生风险的净收益较高。结论Killip心功能III/IV级、术后TIMI分级≤2级、术后无复流、NT-proBNP、LVEF、fQRS波及hs-CRP是急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素,以此构建的风险预测Nomogram模型的预测效能及适用性较好,可用于预测急性STEMI患者预后。

胸部CT冠状动脉钙化积分与STEMI患者急诊PCI围术期并发症的相关性研究

目的:探讨胸部CT冠状动脉钙化积分(CAC)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期并发症的相关性。方法:选取2020年3月至2021年7月保定市第一中心医院心内科收治的263例STEMI患者,均行胸部CT检查和PCI手术,评估CAC积分,并根据CAC积分将患者分成无钙化和轻度钙化组(0~2分,129例)、中度钙化组(3~5分,88例)及重度钙化组(6~9分,46例),分析不同程度钙化组患者围术期并发症及随访期主要心血管事件(MACE)发生情况,比较各组差异并分析其与急诊PCI围术期并发症的相关性。结果:与无钙化和轻度钙化组相比,中度和重度钙化组患者年龄更大,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=45.815,P<0.05),高血压、脑梗死、糖尿病、多支病变和MACE的发病率更高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.762、11.071、6.064、25.036、21.694,P<0.05)。3组患者eGFR及NT-ProBNP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.592,Z=20.890,P<0.05)。与重度钙化组相比,无钙化和轻度钙化组冠状动脉血栓发生率较高(χ^(2)=7.748,P<0.05)。根据logistic回归分析,冠状动脉血栓、中度钙化及重度钙化患者是出现轻微并发症的危险因素(OR=4.847、5.280、11.135,P<0.001);年龄越大、患有高血压或冠状动脉重度钙化患者更容易出现严重并发症,术后1年内MACE发生率更高,是围术期并发症的危险因素(OR=1.151、7.982、10.555、21.729,P<0.05)。结论:胸部CT的CAC积分评估出的中度及重度钙化病变患者的围术期并发症发生率更高,基于胸部CT的CAC积分可用于评估急诊PCI围术期的并发症及术后1年内MACE。

多模态影像对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后MACE的预测价值

目的:探讨三维斑点追踪超声心动图(three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography,3D-STE)、心肌做功(myo-cardial work,MW)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI)术后主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular event,MACE)发生的预测价值。方法:纳入90例行PPCI的首次STEMI患者,术后24 h内行3D-STE、MW检查,术后7 d内完善心脏磁共振晚期钆增强成像(cardiac magnetic resonance late gadolinium enhancement imaging,CMR-LGE)检查,随访12个月MACE(再发心绞痛、因急性冠脉综合征行血运重建、急性心衰发作、心源性猝死)的发生情况。结果:20例(22.2%)患者发生MACE,单因素及多因素Cox回归分析显示梗死面积(infarction size,IS)、整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)、整体做功指数(global work index,GWI)为预测MACE发生的独立参数,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线显示上述指标的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.886、0.846、0.830,Delong法两两比较显示AUC值差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。联合GLS和GWI预测MACE发生的AUC值达0.939,显著优于GLS及GWI单一参数(P均<0.05),且与IS相当(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier曲线表明GLS<-10.5%、GWI>1298.5 mmHg%、IS<26.05%的患者有更高的生存率(P<0.05)。结论:3D-STE及MW能较好地预测STEMI患者PPCI术后MACE的发生,其中GLS及GWI诊断价值相似,二者联合优于单一指标,且与IS诊断效能相当。

β_(1)-肾上腺素能受体基因多态性对STEMI患者室性心律失常和短期预后的影响

目的:分析β_(1)-肾上腺素能受体基因多态性对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者室性心律失常以及6个月预后的影响。方法:采用回顾性队列研究方式,按照纳入与排除标准选择云浮市人民医院2021年1月至2023年2月间收治的STEMI患者为研究对象,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析患者β_(1)-肾上腺素能受体Arg389Gly基因型多态性,并根据β_(1)-肾上腺素能受体Arg389Gly基因型多态性类别分为CC组(Arg389Arg,87例)、CG组(Arg389Gly,73例)和GG组(Gly389Gly,18例)三组。对比三组患者收集的入院临床资料[包括Killip分级、心率、收缩压、舒张压、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末径(LVDD),以及血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、N末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等]和出院后通过门诊或电话对其进行6个月随访的结果(包括心率、NT-proBNP、CK-MB、LVEF、LVDD及主要心脏不良事件)的差异。结果:研究共纳入178例STEMI合并室性心律失常的患者,其中CC组有87例(48.9%),CG组有73例(41.0%),GG组有18例(10.1%);三组患者的年龄、性别、体重、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、合并疾病、收缩压、舒张压、心率、Killip分级(Ⅲ和Ⅳ级)以及血清TNF-α、NT-proBNP、CK-MB、hs-CRP及LVEF和LVDD均没有显著差异(P>0.05);随访6个月GG组和CG组心功能各项指标结果均显著优于CC组(P<0.05),而GG组的NT-proBNP和CK-MB结果显著低于CG组(P<0.05);统计三组患者随访期间主要心脏不良事件的发生情况,显示CC组的总发生数为17例(19.5%),CG组的总发生数为5例(6.9%),GG组的总发生数为1例(5.6%),组间差异显著(χ^(2)=6.887,P<0.05)。结论:β_(1)-肾上腺素能受体Arg389Gly基因多态性与STEMI合并室性心律失常患者的病情严重程度无关,但与治疗后心功能改善情况以及短期预后有关。

新型炎症标志物评分与STEMI患者预后及风险模型构建

目的开发和评估新型炎症标志物综合评分预测ST段抬高型心肌梗死(acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后主要不良心脏事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)风险。方法选择2021年6月~2022年5月中国人民解放军总医院第三医学中心收治的256例STEMI患者。入院时收集其炎症标志物[中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)、红细胞分布宽度与血小板比值(red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio,RPR)、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,MLR)、单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值(monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio,MHR)和球蛋白与白蛋白比值(globulin-to-albumin ratio,GAR)]。采用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)确定MACE风险炎症标志物并基于回归系数构建新型炎症标志物综合评分,利用COX风险回归模型分析该评分与STEMI患者MACE风险间的关系。使用相关R包构建定量MACE风险的Nomogram模型。通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线、临床决策分析(clinical decision analysis,DCA)曲线评估模型预测性能和临床净收益。结果256例STEMI患者随访中位数为11个月,52例患者出现MACE,发生率为20.3%。基于NLR、MHR和PLR构建N.M.P评分[N.M.P评分=(0.900×NLR_(水平))+(0.102×MHR_(水平))+(0.039×PLR_(水平))]。多因素COX回归分析结果显示,N.M.P评分不受年龄和SYNTAX评分影响,与MACE风险独立相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,Nomogram模型预测半年、1年和1年半MACE风险的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.905、0.920和0.897。DCA曲线分析结果显示,Nomogram模型能提供显著意义的临床净收益。结论整合NLR、MHR和PLR开发的N.M.P评分能有效预测STEMI患者MACE风险。基于N.M.P评分结合年龄和SYNTAX评分构建的定量STEMI患者MACE风险的Nomogram模型有助于风险分层和制定二级预防策略。

基于5G信息系统结合POCT在缩短急性STEMI患者门球时间中的应用

目的:分析基于5G网络多途径信息传输系统结合POCT在缩短急性STEMI患者门球时间中的应用效果。方法:选取滨州医学院附属医院2020年1月-2021年10月救护车常规接诊入院行PCI治疗的STEMI患者50名为对照组,将2021年11月-2022年12月启用基于5G网络的多途径信息传输系统结合POCT后救护车接诊入院行PCI患者50名作为试验组。观察并记录患者FMC-确诊时间、急诊科滞留时间、D-to-B时间、救治成功率和死亡率、PCI术前和术后疾病并发症发生率以及住院时间和住院费用。结果:试验组FMC-确诊时间(5.96±2.258)、急诊科滞留时间(13.70±24.203)、D-to-B时间(41.64±26.242)均少于对照组(分别为9.04±3.226、37.20±24.502、73.34±35.832),差异具有统计学意义(P <0.001);术后疾病并发症发生率试验组(22%)低于对照组(44%),住院时间和住院费用试验组少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);PCI术前疾病并发症发生率、救治成功率和死亡率,两组差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论:5G网络多途径信息传输系统结合POCT可缩短急性STEMI患者救治时间,减少PCI术后并发症发生率,可缩短住院时间、降低住院费用。

超声心动图参数联合血清Adropin、SDC4对急性STEMI患者早期静脉溶栓预后的预测价值

目的评估超声心动图参数联合血清Adropin、多配体蛋白聚糖4(SDC4)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者早期静脉溶栓预后的预测价值。方法选取2021年5月—2022年5月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的急性STEMI患者136例为STEMI组,同期选择河北省沧州中西医结合医院体检中心进行体检健康的志愿者136例为对照组,超声心动图参数检查左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清Adropin及SDC4水平;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线法评估超声心动图参数联合血清Adropin及SDC4对急性STEMI患者早期静脉溶栓预后的预测价值。结果STEMI组血清Adropin水平、LVEF显著低于对照组,C-反应蛋白(CRP)、SDC4水平、LAD、LVEDD显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。预后不良组CRP、LAD、LVEDD、SDC4水平显著高于预后良好组,LVEF、Adropin水平显著低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。超声心动图参数联合血清Adropin、SDC4对急性STEMI患者早期静脉溶栓预后预测的AUC显著高于单独预测的AUC(Z=6.721,P=0.010;Z=7.865,P=0.005;Z=6.544,P=0.012;Z=7.345,P<0.001;Z=5.886,P=0.015)。结论急性STEMI患者早期静脉溶栓后血清Adropin呈低表达,SDC4呈高表达,超声心动图参数联合血清Adropin、SDC4对急性STEMI患者早期静脉溶栓预后有较好的预测效能。

前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭的药物治疗疗效对比研究

目的探究前壁急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后伴心力衰竭的药物治疗疗效对比。方法选取云浮市人民医院心血管内科2021年7月—2023年6月期间住院的90例前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为A、B、C三组,各30例。A组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油治疗,B组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油+新活素治疗,C组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油+多巴胺治疗。对比三组治疗后的临床疗效、心功能[左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)]及临床指标。结果①三组治疗总有效率相比(P<0.05);其中B、C两组治疗总有效率均明显高于A组(P<0.05);②治疗3 d后,三组LVEF水平均升高(P>0.05),NT-ProBNP、LVESD、LVEDD水平均降低,且B、C两组较A组NT-ProBNP、LVESD、LVEDD水平较低(P<0.05);③三组患者住院时间、再次入院率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中B、C两组住院时间、再次入院率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论呋塞米+硝酸甘油联合新活素或多巴胺治疗前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭患者疗效更加显著,能够改善患者心功能,缩短住院时间,降低再次入院率,值得临床推广。

重组人脑利钠肽联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对NSTEMI并发急性心力衰竭患者的影响

目的:研究重组人脑利钠肽联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦运用于非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)并发急性心力衰竭患者中的价值。方法:选择2020年8月—2022年3月广东省河源市人民医院诊断为NSTEMI并发急性心力衰竭的住院患者共70例,通过随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各35例。研究组采用重组人脑利钠肽及沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,对照组采用重组人脑利钠肽及缬沙坦治疗。比较两组的总有效率、心率、血压及尿量、左心射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、氨基末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果:研究组总有效率(88.57%)高于对照组(68.57%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药前,两组的心率、血压、尿量、肌酐、血钾比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);用药后72 h、7 d,研究组心率、收缩压、舒张压、肌酐均低于对照组,而尿量较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组血钾比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。用药前,两组的心功能及NT-proBNP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。用药后3、6个月,研究组的LVEF高于对照组,但LVEDD、LVESD、NT-proBNP均较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组心脏不良事件的发生率较对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论:重组人脑利钠肽联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦能够积极控制患者血压及心率,促进心功能改善,减少心脏不良事件的发生。

TYG指数、血小板参数及血清CK-MB水平与急性STEMI患者主要不良预后事件的相关性

目的分析三酰甘油葡萄糖乘积(TYG)指数、血小板参数及血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者主要不良预后事件的关系。方法回顾性收集2021年2月—2022年2月成都市第三人民医院收治的205例STEMI患者临床资料,所有患者均展开为期12个月的随访,依据随访期间是否出现不良心血管事件(MACE)设为发生组(n=64)与未发生组(n=141),分析两组一般情况,并探讨TYG、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)及CK-MB与STEMI预后的相关性。结果通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示糖尿病史、CK-MB、PDW、MPV、TYG指数及LVEF均为STEMI发生MACE的独立危险因素(P<0.05);绘制CK-MB、PDW、MPV及TYG指数对STEMI发生MACE的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,结果显示CK-MB、PDW、MPV及TYG指数预测MACE的预测价值分别为0.828、0.621、0.728及0.825。结论TYG指数、PDW、MPV及血清CK-MB水平与STEMI患者发生MACE独立相关,监测TYG指数、PDW、MPV及血清CK-MB水平对预测MACE的出现具有一定临床价值。

替格瑞洛在STEMI患者介入术后中的应用及对血清NGAL、MMP-9水平的影响

目的分析替格瑞洛在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者介入术后的应用及对血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平的影响。方法选定2020年1月至2022年1月住院的86例STEMI介入术患者,以随机法将其分为2组,每组43例。氯吡格雷组给予氯吡格雷治疗,替格瑞洛组给予替格瑞洛治疗,比较2组心肌损伤标志物、血清NGAL、MMP-9水平、TIMI血流分级、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)总发生率、不良反应总发生率。结果替格瑞洛组治疗后血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、NGAL、MMP-9水平均比氯吡格雷组低(P<0.05)。替格瑞洛组治疗后TIMI血流分级优于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05)。替格瑞洛组MACE总发生率(2.33%)低于氯吡格雷组(16.28%)(P<0.05)。替格瑞洛组MACE总发生率(4.65%)低于氯吡格雷组(9.30%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论STEMI患者介入术后给予替格瑞洛,可有效减轻心肌细胞受损程度及冠脉硬化程度,改善血流分级,降低MACE发生率,且未见明显不良反应,具有一定的安全性。