Unsuccessful treatment of four patients with acute graft-vs-host disease after liver transplantation

AIM: To investigate appropriate therapeutic strategies for graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) following liver transplantation. METHODS: Four patients who developed GVHD after liver transplantation in West China Hospital were included in this study. Therapeutic strategies with augmentation or withdrawal of immunosuppressants combined with supportive therapy were investigated in these patients. In addition, a literature review of patients who developed GVHD after liver transplantation was performed. RESULTS: Although a transient response to initial treatment was detected, all four patients died of complications from GVHD: one from sepsis with multiple organ failure, one from gastrointestinal bleeding, and the other two from sepsis with gastrointestinal bleeding. Few consensuses for the treatment of GVHD after liver transplantation have been reached.CONCLUSION: New and effective treatments are re-quired for GVHD after liver transplantation to improve the prognosis of patients with this diagnosis.

Gut microbiome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and specific changes associated with acute graft vs host disease

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(aHSCT)is a standard validated therapy for patients suffering from malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases.However,aHSCT procedures are limited by potentially life-threatening complications,and one of the most serious complications is acute graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).During the last decades,DNA sequencing technologies were used to investigate relationship between composition or function of the gut microbiome and disease states.Even if it remains unclear whether these microbiome alterations are causative or secondary to the presence of the disease,they may be useful for diagnosis,prevention and therapy in aHSCT recipients.Here,we summarized the most recent findings of the association between human gut microbiome changes and acute GVHD in patients receiving aHSCT.

Immunophenotypic characteristics of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that affect the efficacy of their use in the prevention of acute graft vs host disease

BACKGROUND Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)are widely used in the clinic due to their unique properties,namely,their ability to differentiate in all mesenchymal directions and their immunomodulatory activity.Healthy donor MSCs were used to prevent the development of acute graft vs host disease(GVHD)after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(allo-BMT).The administration of MSCs to patients was not always effective.The MSCs obtained from different donors have individual characteristics.The differences between MSC samples may affect their clinical efficacy.AIM To study the differences between effective and ineffective MSCs.METHODS MSCs derived from the bone marrow of a hematopoietic stem cells donor were injected intravenously into allo-BMT recipients for GVHD prophylaxis at the moment of blood cell reconstitution.Aliquots of 52 MSC samples that were administered to patients were examined,and the same cells were cultured in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from a third-party donor or treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IFN and TNF.Flow cytometry revealed the immunophenotype of the nontreated MSCs,the MSCs cocultured with PBMCs for 4 d and the MSCs exposed to cytokines.The proportions of CD25-,CD146-,CD69-,HLA-DR-and PD-1-positive CD4+and CD8+cells and the distribution of various effector and memory cell subpopulations in the PBMCs cocultured with the MSCs were also determined.RESULTS Differences in the immunophenotypes of effective and ineffective MSCs were observed.In the effective samples,the mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)of HLAABC,HLA-DR,CD105,and CD146 was significantly higher.After MSCs were treated with IFN or cocultured with PBMCs,the HLA-ABC,HLA-DR,CD90 and CD54 MFI showed a stronger increase in the effective MSCs,which indicated an increase in the immunomodulatory activity of these cells.When PBMCs were cocultured with effective MSCs,the proportions of CD4+and CD8+central memory cells significantly decreased,and the proportion of CD8+CD146+lymphocytes increased more than in the subpopulations of lymphocytes cocultured with MSC samples that were ineffective in the prevention of GVHD;in addition,the proportion of CD8+effector memory lymphocytes decreased in the PBMCs cocultured with the effective MSC samples but increased in the PBMCs cocultured with the ineffective MSC samples.The proportion of CD4+CD146+lymphocytes increased only when cocultured with the inefficient samples.CONCLUSION For the first time,differences were observed between MSC samples that were effective for GVHD prophylaxis and those that were ineffective.Thus,it was shown that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs depends on the individual characteristics of the MSC population.

Advantageous tactics with certain probiotics for the treatment of graft-versus-host-disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)becomes a standard form of cellular therapy for patients with malignant diseases.HSCT is the first-choice of immunotherapy,although HSCT can be associated with many complications such as graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic HSCT.It has been shown that certain gut microbiota could exert protective and/or regenerative immunomodulatory effects by the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)such as butyrate in the experimental models of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Loss of gut commensal bacteria which can produce SCFAs may worsen dysbiosis,increasing the risk of GVHD.Expression of G-protein coupled receptors such as GPR41 seems to be upre-gulated in the presence of commensal bacteria,which might be associated with the biology of regulatory T cells(Tregs).Treg cells are a suppressive subset of CD4 positive T lymphocytes implicated in the prevention of GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.Here,we discuss the current findings of the relationship between the modification of gut microbiota and the GVHD-related immunity,which suggested that tactics with certain probiotics for the beneficial symbiosis in gut-immune axis might lead to the elevation of safety in the allogeneic HSCT.

Age-related modifications of macrophages influenced by “inflammageing”in graft vs. host disease

Most studies focus on the adaptive immune cells in the GVHD pathogenesis,while little is known about innate immune cells in GVHD occurrence and development,especially macrophages.Meanwhile,a higher incidence of graft versus host disease(GVHD)is also found in the elderly patients.Though advances have been made in the modification of macrophages influenced by the inflamm-ageing,there is still no review on the role of macrophages in GVHD and the association between GVHD and the altered macrophages by inflamm-ageing.In this review,we focus on the potential age-related modifications of macrophage in GVHD,which contributes to the change of morbidity and mortality of GVHD.Via literature review,we found that the infiltration of macrophages is associated with GVHD and macrophages are modified in inflamm-ageing state,including the proliferation,migration,phagocytosis,antigen presentation,interaction with other immune cells,and pro-fibrosis.We suppose that altered macrophage functions in inflamm-ageing state contribute to GVHD in elderly patients.

Esophageal stenosis with sloughing esophagitis:A curious manifestation of graft-vs-host disease

We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with a history of allogenic bone marrow transplantation for two years,complaining with dysphagia and weight loss. Upper endoscopy revealed esophageal stenosis and extensive mucosa sloughing. Biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of graft-vs-host disease(GVHD). Balloon dilation,corticosteroids and cyclosporin resulted in marked clinical improvement. Gastrointestinal tract is involved in the majority of patients with chronic GVHD. Esophageal manifestations are rare and include vesiculobullous disease,ulceration,esophageal webs,casts or strictures. Sloughing esophagitis along with severe stenosis requiring endoscopic dilation has never been reported in this context.

Ruxolitinib add-on in corticosteroid-refractory graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation:Results from a retrospective study on 38 Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Some patients have steroid-refractory(SR) GVHD.AIM To evaluate the effect and safety of ruxolitinib add-on in the treatment of patients with SR acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients administered ruxolitinib add-on to standard immunosuppressive therapy for SR-aGVHD or SR-cGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Ruxolitinib was administered5-10 mg/d depending on disease severity,patient status,and the use of antifungal drugs.Overall response rate,time to best response,malignancy relapse rate,infection rate,and treatment-related adverse events were assessed.RESULTS The analysis included 10 patients with SR-aGVHD (gradeⅢ/Ⅳ,n=9) and 28patients with SR-cGVHD (moderate/severe,n=24).For the SR-aGVHD and SRcGVHD groups,respectively:Median number of previous GVHD therapies was 2(range:1-3) and 2 (1-4);median follow-up was 2.5 (1.5-4) and 5 (1.5-10) mo;median time to best response was 1 (0.5-2.5) and 3 (1-9.5) mo;and overall response rate was 100%(complete response:80%) and 82.1%(complete response:10.7%) with a response observed in all GVHD-affected organs.The malignancy relapse rates for the SR-aGVHD and SR-cGVHD groups were 10.0%and 10.7%,respectively.Reactivation rates for cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,and varicella-zoster virus,respectively,were 30.0%,10.0%,and 0%for the SR-aGVHD group and 0%,14.3%,and 7.1%for the SR-cGVHD group.CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib add-on was effective and safe as salvage therapy for SR-GVHD.

Oral graft vs host disease:An immune system disorder in hematopoietic cell transplantation

Graft vs host disease(GVHD) is a complication of patients who are treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation.National Institutes of Health in 2005 by Working Group on Diagnosis and Staging Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic GVHD(cGVHD) established 2 principal categories of oral GVHD, acute and chronic. The oral mucosa may be the first site of manifestation of the disease. Clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed by a biopsy of oral mucosa and minor salivary glands. Microscopic results have played a major role in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic oral GVHD. Development of second malignancies is the greatest risk of oral cGVHD patients, mostly regarding squamous cell carcinoma. The focus of oral GVHD therapy is to improve symptoms and maintain oral function. The aim of this review article is to update the information on the oral GVHD in its clinical, microscopic features and their complications.

Noninvasive tools based on immune biomarkers for the diagnosis of central nervous system graft-vs-host disease:Two case reports and a review of the literature

BACKGROUND Central nervous system graft-vs-host disease(CNS-GVHD)is a rare cause of CNS disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Currently,establishing a diagnosis of CNS-GVHD is challenging because the diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods are not well defined and many confounding factors need to be ruled out.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present two patients with CNS-GVHD.Both patients with a history of acute GVHD or chronic GVHD developed neurological symptoms that could not be explained by other causes,and had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)studies as determined by CSF and blood immune biomarker examinations,suggestive of suspected CNS-GVHD.Due to the lack of specific magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and the rapid clinical deterioration of the patients,we did not attempt to perform a brain biopsy,but prompted the initiation of empirical immunosuppressive therapy.In view of the rapid and favorable response to local and systematic immunosuppressive treatment and the aforementioned neurologic manifestations together with CSF abnormalities and other negative findings,a final diagnosis of CNS-GVHD was made.CONCLUSION CSF and blood immune biomarker examinations facilitated the diagnosis of CNSGVHD,which are particularly suitable for patients who are critically ill and require urgent treatment and for those who are unsuitable for invasive diagnostic procedures.

Fulminant gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease concomitant with cytomegalovirus infection:Case report and literature review

Here,we report a case of fulminant gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease(GI-GVHD) with cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection in 44-year-old woman.Despite the difficulties associated with the treatment of GIGVHD and GI-CMV disease,the mucosal findings and the clinical course showed marked improvements during long-term clinical observation.The endoscopic findings were remarkable,with diffuse sloughing mucosa in the stomach and highly active inflammation and deep discrete ulcers throughout the colon.Changes in the CMV quantitative polymerase chain reaction results were correlated with the endoscopic mucosal findings and were useful for assessing the efficacy of the treatment.Although a definite diagnosis of GI-GVHD is generally made by endoscopy with biopsy,the gross appearance of this disease can vary depending on the endoscopy.In this paper,we also conduct a literature review of patients with GI-GVHD.

REG3α、sST2、TNFR1在儿童异基因造血干细胞移植术后aGVHD危险分层及预后评估中的价值

目的:探讨外周血中REG3α、sST2、TNFR1对儿童异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)术后aGVHD危险分层及预后评估的价值。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年3月在郑州大学第一附属医院儿科行allo-HSCT后发生aGVHD的70例患儿作为研究对象,将并发Ⅰ-Ⅱ度aGVHD的50例患儿作为轻度aGVHD组,并发Ⅲ-Ⅳ度aGVHD的20例患儿作为重度aGVHD组,选取同期本院健康体检儿童30例作为对照组,通过Luminex平台检测aGVHD发生时REG3α、sST2、TNFR1蛋白表达水平采用单因素方差分析比较3组间差异;根据aGVHD治疗28 d内病情转归情况将患儿分为预后良好组58例,预后不良组12例,利用ROC曲线分析REG3α、sST2、TNFR1对aGVHD患儿预后的评估价值。结果:与对照组相比,轻度aGVHD组、重度aGVHD组外周血中REG3α、sST2、TNFR1水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且重度aGVHD组显著高于轻度aGVHD组(P<0.05);与预后良好组相比,预后不良组aGVHD患儿外周血中REG3α、sST2、TNFR1水平均显著升高(t=9.27,3.33 2.97;P<0.01);ROC曲线分析结果表明,REG3α、sST2和TNFR1联合检测评估aGVHD患儿预后的曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏性、特异性均高于各项指标单独检测及各指标两两组合检测。结论:REG3α、sST2、TNFR1表达水平与aGVHD严重程度相关;REG3α、sST2和TNFR1联合对于aGVHD患儿预后评估有较高的临床价值,有望为临床上评估aGVHD患儿预后提供可靠参考。

aGVHD对小鼠肠道血管形态与结构的影响及其机制

为了探究急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft-versus-host disease,aGVHD)发病进程对小鼠肠道组织血管的变化和肠道免疫稳态之间的关系和机制,我们建立小鼠aGVHD模型分析小鼠小肠绒毛血管内皮细胞和周细胞以及浸润免疫细胞在不同时间点的动态变化,并运用qPCR、Smart-seq技术分析寻找差异表达基因。发现在aGVHD的发病进程中,小肠绒毛血管的损伤及浸润免疫细胞的变化与疾病进程密切相关,随炎症反应、细胞凋亡及肠道屏障相关基因表达显著变化。研究结果表明,aGVHD诱发的小肠绒毛血管的严重损伤和结构紊乱可能是导致受体死亡的一个重要原因,小肠绒毛的aGVHD炎症反应可能主要通过影响与内皮细胞凋亡及肠道屏障相关的基因表达,从而破坏小肠绒毛血管的完整性和提高其通透性。

Gene and protein expression of proteinase-activated receptor-1, 2 in a murine model of acute graft vs host disease

Proteinase-activated receptors(PARs)are a novel subclass of seven transmembrane-spanning,G protein-coupled receptors.PAR-1 and PAR-2 are widely expressed in a variety of cells and are found to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes includ-ing inflammation and immune response.However,little is known about the function of PAR-1,2 in acute graft vs host disease(GVHD).In the present study,wefirst detected the expression of PAR-1,2 protein and mRNA in a murine model of acute GVHD using the methods of immunohis-tochemistry,Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Syngeneic hematopoie-tic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)mice served as controls.The relative gene expression level of PAR-1 was significantly increased in the skin,liver,small intestine of allogeneic HSCT mice(in skin:0.039�0.013 vs 0.008�0.002 of controls,P=0.009;in liver:0.165�0.006 vs 0.017�0.006 of controls,P=0.004;in small intestine:0.215�0.009 vs 0.016�0.002 of con-trols,P=0.003),but not in the stomach,lung and kidney of allogeneic HSCT mice(P>0.05).PAR-2 mRNA expression in the liver and small intestine of allogeneic HSCT mice(in liver:0.010�0.002 vs 0.003�0.001 of controls,P=0.008;in small intestine:0.006�0.001 vs 0.003�0.001 of controls,P=0.024)was increased significantly,but PAR-2 mRNA expression in the other organs(P>0.05)was not found to be significantly elevated.PAR-1,2 protein expression was in accordance with the mRNA expression,as shown by Western blot.Using immunohistochemistry the present study demon-strated that there was strong PAR-1,2 immunoreactivity in the epithelial cell and vascular endothelial cell of target organs of acute GVHD.Ourfindings of markedly increased expression of PAR-1,2 in target organs of acute GVHD suggest that PAR-1 and PAR-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD.

《Controlled,randomized,open-label trial of risk-stratified corticosteroid prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical transplantation》解读——临床实践与基础研究的相互转化

本文最初发表于2016年的《Journal of Clinical Oncology》杂志上,文章题录为:Chang YJ,Xu LP,Wang Y,et al.Controlled,randomized,open-label trial of risk-stratified corticosteroid prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after haploidentical transplantation[J].J Clin Oncol,2016,34:1855-1863。本研究证实在单倍型相合骨髓/外周血混合移植模式下,危险分层指导的小剂量激素预防不仅降低了移植后Ⅱ~Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病发生率,而且促进了血小板重建,降低了激素相关的股骨头坏死和继发性高血压的发生率,使单倍型相合移植更安全。经通信作者允许,再次以佳文解读的形式来阐释这一发现。

《Minimal residual disease and graft-versus-host disease guided multiple consolidation chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion prevent second acute leukaemia relapse after allotransplant》解读--临床实践与基础研究的相互转化

本文最初发表于2016年《J Hematol Oncol》杂志上,文章题录为:Yan CH,Wang Y,Wang JZ,et al.Minimal residual disease and graft-versus-host disease guided multiple consolidation chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion prevent second acute leukaemia relapse after allotransplant[J].J Hematol Oncol,2016,9:87。本研究证实,在异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后出现血液学复发的急性白血病、且经过诱导化疗+DLI达到完全缓解的患者中,MRD和GvHD指导下的多次巩固化疗+DLI可以预防再次复发,避免不必要的非复发死亡,最终改善生存。这项研究第一次强调了巩固化疗+DLI在治疗allo-HSCT后急性白血病复发中的作用。这将会成为治疗allo-HSCT后急性白血病复发的新方法。经通信作者许可,再次通过佳文解读的方式来阐述这一发现。

SAA患者单倍体造血干细胞移植后T淋巴细胞重建特点及与aGVHD关系分析

目的:探讨接受单倍体造血干细胞移植的重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)患者T细胞亚群恢复特点及其与急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的关系。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月至2022年1月在山西白求恩医院血液科接受单倍体造血干细胞移植的29例SAA患者的临床资料。分析所有患者移植前、移植后d 14、21、30、60、90和120的CD3^(+)T、CD4^(+)T、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞绝对数以及CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T比值,并比较无aGVHD发生组、发生Ⅰ-Ⅱ及Ⅲ-Ⅳ度aGVHD组的T淋巴细胞计数情况。结果:27例患者移植后14、21 d所有T细胞计数均远低于正常水平,但存在明显异质性,且T细胞免疫恢复与预处理方案、年龄、移植前免疫抑制剂治疗有一定的关系。CD3^(+)T细胞计数在移植后30、60、90和120 d呈稳定上升趋势,移植后120 d恢复至正常水平;较快的CD4^(+)T细胞恢复与aGVHD密切相关,其在移植后30、60、90、120 d呈缓慢上升趋势,移植后120 d仍远低于正常水平;CD8^(+)T细胞计数在移植后14、21 d开始恢复,且恢复早于CD4^(+)T细胞,在移植后30、60 d呈快速上升趋势,在移植后90 d已超过正常水平。由于CD8^(+)T细胞重建较快,而CD4^(+)T细胞重建缓慢,使移植后长期CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T细胞比值倒置。aGVHD组在移植后各个时间段CD3^(+)T、CD4^(+)T、CD8^(+)T细胞淋巴细胞绝对数明显高于无aGVHD组;aGVHD组中,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度aGVHD多发生在移植后早期(14-21 d之内),Ⅰ-Ⅱ度aGVHD组多发生在移植后30~90 d之内,且Ⅲ-Ⅳ度aGVHD组中CD3^(+)T、CD4^(+)T、CD8^(+)T细胞计数明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ度aGVHD组;且CD4^(+)T占比较大,aGVHD程度越严重。结论:SAA患者单倍体移植后T细胞免疫重建快慢不一,与预处理方案、年龄、移植前免疫抑制剂治疗有一定关系,CD4^(+)T细胞恢复过快与aGVHD的发生密切相关。

Effect and mechanism of acute graft versus host disease on early diffuse murine lung injury following allogeneic stem cell transplantation

To explore the effect and pathogenssis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) on early diffuse lung injury in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), we established an aGVHD model of C57BL/6→BALB/c mice. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans, histopathology and the levels of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and Interferon (IFNγ) in lungs were dynamically detected in recipient mice after transplantation. The incidence of aGVHD was respectively 0%, 0% and 100% in simple irradiation group (A), syngeneic transplant group(B) and allogeneic transplant group (C). Chest CT scans of recipient mice were normal in 3 groups on days +3 and +7 after transplantation. CT showed that two of ten mice had bilateral lung diffuse infiltrate on day +12 (on the brink of death) in group A and 6 of 10 mice had bilateral lung diffuse infiltrate on day +14 (3 d after aGVHD occurring) in group C, and were normal on days +12 and +14 in group B after transplantation. Histopathology of lungs in the 3 groups was similar, consisting of minor interstitial pneumonitis on day +3. Group A showed edema, hyperplasia of epithelial cells and widened alveolar interval on day +7, and epithelial cell necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration, hemorrhage, protein leakage, and local consolidation on day +12. The histopathology of group B showed slight edema of epithelial cells on +7 day, which were slighter than that on day +3, and virtually normal on day +14. The histopathology in group C was characterized by the significant expansion and congestion of capillaries, and lymphocyte infiltration on day +7, the acute pneumonitis was present involving tissue edema, lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, protein leakage and perivascular inflammation on day +14. In group A, the levels of TNFα were lower on day +7 than on day +3. In group B, the levels of TNFα attained a peak on day +3, which decreased on days +7 and +14. In group C, the levels of TNFα were highest on day +7 and there was a significant difference between those on days +7 and +14 (P=0.816). In group A, the levels of IFNγ on day +7 were higher than on day +3. In group B, the levels of IFNγ increased progressively, but the comparison of IFNγ levels in different times had no statistical significance (P=0.521, 0.118, 0.340). In group C, the levels of IFNγ attained a peak by day +7 and decreased on day +14. aGVHD is the main cause of early non-infectious lung injury. T lymphocytes and TNFα are possibly implicated in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD-induced lung injury. The decreased levels of IFNγ in lung tissues following transplantation might be associated with pulmonary fibrosis in late non-infectious pulmonary complications.

急性髓系白血病患者异基因造血干细胞移植后aGVHD的发生与移植物中免疫细胞成分的关系

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)时,患者急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的发生与移植物中各类免疫细胞成分之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析在中国医学科学院血液病医院接受allo-HSCT的104例AML患者的临床资料,分析其造血重建及GVHD发生情况。流式细胞术检测移植物中各类免疫细胞所占比例,计算并比较不同程度aGVHD患者各细胞成分的输注量,以分析AML患者allo-HSCT后GVHD发生的严重程度与移植物中免疫细胞成分的相关性。结果:有核细胞总数(TNC)高数量组患者造血重建所需时间与低数量组相比无显著差异,而CD34高数量组患者的中性粒细胞和血小板重建时间比CD34低数量组显著加快(P<0.05),且患者住院总时间也有缩短的趋势;无论全相合移植还是半相合移植,与未发生或发生Ι度aGVHD组(0-ΙaGVHD组)相比,发生Ⅱ-Ⅳ度aGVHD(Ⅱ-ⅣaGVHD组)患者的CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)细胞以及NK细胞和CD14^(+)单核细胞的输注量均较高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);此外,半相合移植后发生Ⅱ-ⅣaGVHD组患者所输注的CD4^(+)CD25^(+)细胞量显著低于0-ΙaGVHD组(P<0.05),全相合移植患者也呈现相同趋势,但差异不显著(P=0.078)。结论:移植物中高数量的CD34^(+)细胞有利于AML患者的造血重建;输注较多的CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞、NK细胞或CD14^(+)单核细胞在一定程度上有增加aGVHD发生的趋势,而输注较多的CD4^(+)CD25^(+)调节T细胞有助于降低AML患者aGVHD的发生率或aGVHD发生的严重程度。

Acute GvHD and the cutaneous ultrastructural changes in mismatched bone marrow transplantation

Six patients treated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) suffered from grade I to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) after engrafting. Up to date, 4 patients with grade I to II GvHD have lived for over 2920, 910, 740 and 680 days, respectively. Two other patients died of grade IV hyperacute GvHD. The results seem to indicate that patients in mismatched BMT have a high incidence of aGvHD within a month. The severity of aGvHD is positively correlated with the degree of HLA mismatching. The higher the degree of mismatch of HLA, the earlier and the more severe the aGvHD occurrs. The cutaneous lesion of the patient with GvHD is severe and of ten complicated by mucositis. Lethal hyperacute GvHD must be considered when a patient shows following signs at beginning: (1) The symptoms appear early (within 2weeks) ;(2) peripheral white blood cell count does not recover (<0. 5×109/L) to normal; and (3) high fever persists. In the epidermal ultrastructure of patients, besides acantholysis, autophagic degeneration of keratinocytes,and satellite cell dyskeratosis, there were scattered necrotic keratinocytes, breaking and thickening of basal membrane and presence of a lot of pigment in the intercellular space. These imply that the ultrastructural damages in the skin of patients with aGvHD after mismatched transplantation are more severe than after matched ones.

异基因造血干细胞移植后短期内死亡的危险因素分析

背景:异基因造血干细胞移植是治愈各种血液病的有效甚至唯一手段,但患者移植后短期内死亡率较高。目的:探讨影响血液病患者异基因造血干细胞移植后短期(100 d)内总体生存的危险因素,旨在降低异基因造血干细胞移植后短期(100 d)内死亡率及有效预防相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析于2018-01-01/2021-06-30在郑州大学第一附属医院造血干细胞移植中心行异基因造血干细胞移植的585例血液病患者的临床资料,探究影响血液病患者异基因造血干细胞移植后100 d内总体生存的危险因素。结果与结论:共585例血液病患者行异基因造血干细胞移植,92例死于移植后100 d内,死亡率为15.7%(92/585),死亡时中位年龄为26.5岁(1-56岁),死亡病例的中位生存时间为48 d(0-97 d)。单因素分析显示,年龄≥14岁、发生急性移植物抗宿主病、Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病、细菌血流感染及耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌血流感染是影响异基因造血干细胞移植后100 d内总体生存的危险因素(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄≥14岁、发生Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病、细菌血流感染及耐碳青霉烯类革兰阴性杆菌血流感染是影响异基因造血干细胞移植后100 d内总体生存的独立危险因素,相对危险度分别为1.77(95%CI 1.047-2.991),7.926(95%CI 3.763-16.695),2.039(95%CI 1.117-3.722),3.389(95%CI 1.563-7.347)。结果表明:异基因造血干细胞移植后短期内全因死亡率较高,对于移植后短期内合并细菌血流感染、Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病的患者需及时发现、给予有效治疗,从而改善异基因造血干细胞移植的疗效。