Since the fouling-releasing ability of silicone elastomers increased as their modulus decreases, we designed and prepared composites with embedded tiny NaC1 crytals that were soluble after their immersion in water, re...Since the fouling-releasing ability of silicone elastomers increased as their modulus decreases, we designed and prepared composites with embedded tiny NaC1 crytals that were soluble after their immersion in water, resulting in water-filled porous elastomers. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed such a designed water-filling porous structure. The existence of many micro-drops of water in these specially designed elastomers decreased the shear storage modulus and increased the loss factors. The decrease of shear modulus plays a leading role here and is directly related to a lower critical peeling-off stress of a pseudo-barnacle on them. Therefore, such a novel preparation with cheap salts instead of an expensive silicone provides a better way to make fouling-release paints with a lower modulus, a lower critical peeling-off stress and a better fouling-release property without a significant decrease of the cross-linking density.展开更多
Objectives To ob-serve the effect of different estrogen levels on the secretory function of vascular endothelial cells of female rats, and study the effect of modulation of estrogen level on the expression of vascular...Objectives To ob-serve the effect of different estrogen levels on the secretory function of vascular endothelial cells of female rats, and study the effect of modulation of estrogen level on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule - 1 and the concentration of estrogen receptor in vascular endothelial cells. Methods Radioim-munology was used to measure the serum concentration of endothelin and PGI2, and copper - cadmium reduction was employed to measure the serum content of nitrogen monoxide. Radioligand binding and flowcy-tometry were used to measure the expression of estrogen receptor and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM - 1) of vascular endothelial cells respectively. Results 1. The serum concentration of nitric oxide and PGI2 decreased when the ovaries of female rats were removed. In ovariectomized rats, given estrogen, the concentration rose ( P < 0. 05), but the plasma concentration of endothelin was adverse to it. 2. The concentration of estrogen receptor of vascular endothelial cells decreased remarkably when the ovaries of female rats were removed. When given estrogen, it increased. 3. The percent of expressed VCAM - 1 increased significantly after interleukin - 1βoperated on the cells, but 17 -βestradiol at 3 × 10-8 - 10-6 mol/l all decreased the percent. Conclusions Estrogen level can influence the secretion of nitrogen monoxide, PGI2 and endothlin of vascular endothelial cells, and also influence the concentration of estrogen receptor of vascular endothelial cells. 17 -β Estradiol at 3 × 10-8 -10-6 M can decrease the elevation of VCAM - 1 of vascular endothelial cells induced by interleukin - 1β.展开更多
文摘Since the fouling-releasing ability of silicone elastomers increased as their modulus decreases, we designed and prepared composites with embedded tiny NaC1 crytals that were soluble after their immersion in water, resulting in water-filled porous elastomers. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed such a designed water-filling porous structure. The existence of many micro-drops of water in these specially designed elastomers decreased the shear storage modulus and increased the loss factors. The decrease of shear modulus plays a leading role here and is directly related to a lower critical peeling-off stress of a pseudo-barnacle on them. Therefore, such a novel preparation with cheap salts instead of an expensive silicone provides a better way to make fouling-release paints with a lower modulus, a lower critical peeling-off stress and a better fouling-release property without a significant decrease of the cross-linking density.
文摘Objectives To ob-serve the effect of different estrogen levels on the secretory function of vascular endothelial cells of female rats, and study the effect of modulation of estrogen level on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule - 1 and the concentration of estrogen receptor in vascular endothelial cells. Methods Radioim-munology was used to measure the serum concentration of endothelin and PGI2, and copper - cadmium reduction was employed to measure the serum content of nitrogen monoxide. Radioligand binding and flowcy-tometry were used to measure the expression of estrogen receptor and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM - 1) of vascular endothelial cells respectively. Results 1. The serum concentration of nitric oxide and PGI2 decreased when the ovaries of female rats were removed. In ovariectomized rats, given estrogen, the concentration rose ( P < 0. 05), but the plasma concentration of endothelin was adverse to it. 2. The concentration of estrogen receptor of vascular endothelial cells decreased remarkably when the ovaries of female rats were removed. When given estrogen, it increased. 3. The percent of expressed VCAM - 1 increased significantly after interleukin - 1βoperated on the cells, but 17 -βestradiol at 3 × 10-8 - 10-6 mol/l all decreased the percent. Conclusions Estrogen level can influence the secretion of nitrogen monoxide, PGI2 and endothlin of vascular endothelial cells, and also influence the concentration of estrogen receptor of vascular endothelial cells. 17 -β Estradiol at 3 × 10-8 -10-6 M can decrease the elevation of VCAM - 1 of vascular endothelial cells induced by interleukin - 1β.
