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Vultures as a model for testing molecular adaptations of dietary specialization in birds
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作者 Yanhong Chen Ling Xiang +1 位作者 Pan Chen Huabin Zhao 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第3期425-434,共10页
Vultures are the only obligate scavengers among extant vertebrates.They provide valuable ecological services in ecosystems through removing carcasses,thus preventing the growth of other scavenger populations and the s... Vultures are the only obligate scavengers among extant vertebrates.They provide valuable ecological services in ecosystems through removing carcasses,thus preventing the growth of other scavenger populations and the spread of pathogens.Moreover,their specific diets expose them to various deadly pathogens,which makes them potential candidates for studying molecular adaptations required to survive this extremely specialized scavenging habit.In this review,we summarize the morphological characteristics and behavioral habits,origin and phylogeny,and molecular adaptations to scavenging in both Old and New World vultures.The two groups of vultures share a similar appearance,indicative of convergent evolution.Vultures have experienced different degrees of specialization in their sensory organs;Old World vultures depend on sight,while New World ones depend on both smell and sight.Combined fossil records and molecular data suggest that vultures evolved independently,with distinct phylogenetic positions.We also explored their adaptation to scavenging in facial and intestinal microbiomes,gastric acid secretion and immunity.Compared with the facial microbiome,the intestinal microbiome had a lower diversity,dominated by Fusobacteria and Clostridia.The phages and single invertebrate species Adineta vaga,which feeds on dead bacteria and protozoa,present in the gut suggest a possible alternative defense mechanism.Several genes involved in gastric acidic secretion(including ATP4B,SLC26A7 and SST)and immunity(including BCL6,STING,and TLRs) undergoing positive selection likely have essential roles in eliminating invasive pathogens and initiating an innate immune response.Taken together,this review presents the current research status of vultures and highlights the use of vultures as a model for exploring molecular adaptations of dietary specialization in birds.It also provides a theoretical basis for the study of the genetic mechanisms of vultures to scavenging,and contributes to the formulation of vulture conservation strategies. 展开更多
关键词 VULTURES SCAVENGING Molecular adaptation Microbiomes Gastric acidic secretion IMMUNITY
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Anatomical adaptations of three species of Chinese xerophytes (Zygophyllaceae) 被引量:4
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作者 YANG Shu-min FURUKAWA Ikuo 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第3期247-251,共5页
Secondary xylem characteristics and horizontal variations were described in three xerophytic species, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Nitraria tangutorum, Tetraena mongolica of Zygophyllaceae native to western China. All the... Secondary xylem characteristics and horizontal variations were described in three xerophytic species, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Nitraria tangutorum, Tetraena mongolica of Zygophyllaceae native to western China. All the species have obvious growth ring boundaries except sometimes discontinuous in T. mongolica and Z xanthoxylum ring to semi-ring-porosity; simple perforation plate; alternate intervessel pitting; non-septate fibres; paratracheal confluent axial parenchyrna; helical thickenings and heterocellular rays. However the vessel arrangement and quantitative features of vessels were different. Vessel elements tend to be shorter and narrower and more frequent in T. mongolica than in other two species that are hardly different could lead to greater conductive safety. The variation of vessel element length and fibre length along radial direction showed irregular tendency. There was significant difference in both fibre length and vessel element length among-tree and within-tree. Furthermore, the relationships between anatomical features and adaptability to desert environments were also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Anatomical adaptations Horizontal variations Xerophytes Zygophyllaceae
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Film Adaptations of British Literature
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作者 陈洁修 《海外英语》 2012年第12X期196-197,共2页
Recent years,both BBC and Hollywoodare interested in making films related to the classic masterpieces.From classic book to popular movie,film adaptations give a new life to the British literature.Different adaptations... Recent years,both BBC and Hollywoodare interested in making films related to the classic masterpieces.From classic book to popular movie,film adaptations give a new life to the British literature.Different adaptations of classics can act as an indicator of diverse film-making philosophies,which vividly present some of the cultural and social differences between Britain and America. 展开更多
关键词 FILM adaptations BRITISH LITERATURE PRIDE and Prej
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Diversity and Adaptations of Immature Diptera in Semiaquatic Habitats at Shorelines of Hypersaline Lakes in the Crimea,with a Brief Review of Diptera in Mineralized Bodies of Water
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作者 Andrey PRZHIBORO 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第S1期98-100,共3页
The order Diptera(Insecta)is one of animal groups most successful in the colonization of mineralized shallow aquatic and semiaquatic environments.At the same time,the taxonomic composition of Diptera,their role in
关键词 salt lakes mineralized bodies of water aquatic habitats shoreline semiaquatic habitats DIPTERA larvae biodiversity community taxonomic richness adaptations heat shock proteins.
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Comparative insights into mitochondrial adaptations to anoxia in brain
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作者 Matthew E.Pamenter 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第5期723-724,共2页
Numerous diseases and pathologies impair the delivery of oxygen to brain, with rapid and deleterious consequences. For example, diseases related to systemic hypoxemia (e.g., chronic pulmonary disorders, cystic fibro... Numerous diseases and pathologies impair the delivery of oxygen to brain, with rapid and deleterious consequences. For example, diseases related to systemic hypoxemia (e.g., chronic pulmonary disorders, cystic fibrosis), decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood (e.g., anemia), or decreased transport (e.g., heart attack, stroke) can all reduce or entirely prevent the delivery of oxygen to brain cells, resulting in the initiation of programmed cell death pathways, necrosis, or excitotoxic cell death in brain (Pamenter, 2014). However, oxygen-limited environments are common on earth and many organisms naturally experience periods of intermit- tent or prolonged hypoxia or anoxia in their daily and/or annual life cycles (Bickler and Buck, 2007). 展开更多
关键词 Comparative insights into mitochondrial adaptations to anoxia in brain
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Interpretation of Climate Change and Agricultural Adaptations by Local Household Farmers: a Case Study at Bin County, Northeast China 被引量:9
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作者 YU Qiang-yi WU Wen-bin +6 位作者 LIU Zhen-huan Peter H Verburg XIA Tian YANG Peng LU Zhong-jun YOU Liang-zhi TANG Hua-jun 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第7期1599-1608,共10页
Although climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations have been studied extensively, how smallholder farmers perceive climate change and adapt their agricultural activities is poorly understood. Survey-based da... Although climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations have been studied extensively, how smallholder farmers perceive climate change and adapt their agricultural activities is poorly understood. Survey-based data (presents farmers' personal perceptions and adaptations to climate change) associated with external biophysical-socioeconomic data (presents real-world climate change) were used to develop a farmer-centered framework to explore climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations at a local level. A case study at Bin County (1980s-2010s), Northeast China, suggested that increased annual average temperature (0.6&#176;C per decade) and decreased annual precipitation (46 mm per decade, both from meteorological datasets) were correctly perceived by 76 and 66.9%, respectively, of farmers from the survey, and that a longer growing season was conifrmed by 70%of them. These reasonably correct perceptions enabled local farmers to make appropriate adaptations to cope with climate change:Longer season alternative varieties were found for maize and rice, which led to a signiifcant yield increase for both crops. The longer season also affected crop choice:More farmers selected maize instead of soybean, as implicated from survey results by a large increase in the maize growing area. Comparing warming-related factors, we found that precipitation and agricultural disasters were the least likely causes for farmers' agricultural decisions. As a result, crop and variety selection, rather than disaster prevention and infrastructure improvement, was the most common ways for farmers to adapt to the notable warming trend in the study region. 展开更多
关键词 perception adaptation survey climate change agriculture
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A history of tourism at the Mer de Glace: Adaptations of glacier tourism to glacier fluctuations since 1741 被引量:2
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作者 Emmanuel SALIM Laura MABBOUX +2 位作者 Ludovic RAVANEL Philip DELINE Christophe GAUCHON 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第8期1977-1994,共18页
Climate change induces profound changes in mountain territories that affect the activities pursued there.Tourism is one activity that is strongly impacted by these changes.Most research on tourism in mountain regions ... Climate change induces profound changes in mountain territories that affect the activities pursued there.Tourism is one activity that is strongly impacted by these changes.Most research on tourism in mountain regions has focused on winter sports tourism,but glacier tourism,a summer activity,is also severely affected by climate change-induced phenomena,including glacier retreat and other geomorphological processes.Given that Alpine glacier tourism has been pursued since the 18th century and glaciers have been changing throughout this period,this article aims to examine the adaptations implemented by glacier tourism operators since the activity’s beginnings.Through analysis of historical documents,glaciological surveys and semi-structured interviews,this paper reveals how tourism activities around the Mer de Glace(the largest French glacier)have been impacted by glacier fluctuations since the first visit to the area in 1741.The study reveals that these developments have mainly been driven by glacier retreat and associated paraglacial dynamics.More recently,the shortening of the period of snow cover on the glacier has also impacted tourism activities.Most of the adaptation strategies implemented by tourism operators during the period in question are found to be reactive,consisting in the installation of safety equipment,the renovation of access points or the building of new structures to allow tourist activities to continue despite the consequences of glacier retreat.Other strategies,such as the adoption of new activities by workers previously specialised in another,are identified that could be considered transformative strategies,although these were only adopted by workers when their activity was no longer feasible.The analysis of materials from 1741 to the present also reveals that the recent impacts of climate change on glacier tourism are much more significant and diverse than those produced by past fluctuations.Therefore,it is important that stakeholders take suitable measures to ensure the sustainable future of the Mer de Glace and other glacier tourism destinations. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Glacier tourism Adaptation Sustainability Mer de Glace Historical geography
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Design adaptations in a large and deep urban excavation: Case study 被引量:1
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作者 Amir Alipour Abolfazl Eslami 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第2期389-399,共11页
In this paper, design, re-design, and performance of a long-standing very deep excavation, which was originally planned to depth of 38 m, are presented. Over-digging was not planned in the original design,thus the rea... In this paper, design, re-design, and performance of a long-standing very deep excavation, which was originally planned to depth of 38 m, are presented. Over-digging was not planned in the original design,thus the reassessment was performed. Two main topics were followed: deepening to increase the maximum depth of an existent excavation from 38 m to 42.5 m, and feasibility for upgrading a predesigned support system from temporary to permanent support system. The geological investigations in the project site illustrated a type of stiff and cemented coarse-grained alluvium. An observational approach with additional geotechnical investigations and in situ tests was applied. Back analyses of stability of an unsupported access ramp, as well as deformation monitoring of walls, were used in order to review geotechnical design parameters that represent the full-scale behavior of the ground. Additional nails and soldier piles together with building mat foundation were implemented as a complementary lateral support in the retaining system. From an engineering point of view, by assuming a corrosion rate of 0.065 mm/a for existent rebars, according to chemical and electrical resistivity tests, the long-term performance of the revised retaining system was verified by static and pseudo-dynamic ultimate limit state analyses. Performance monitoring during the construction shows that the measured deformation is in the lower limit of the prediction. 展开更多
关键词 DEEP EXCAVATION Field observations In SITU tests Support system Adaptive DESIGN INVERSE analysis
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Whole-genome resequencing of Japanese whiting(Sillago japonica) provide insights into local adaptations 被引量:1
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作者 Zhi-Qiang Han Xin-Yu Guo +4 位作者 Qun Liu Shan-Shan Liu Zhi-Xin Zhang Shi-Jun Xiao Tian-Xiang Gao 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第5期548-561,共14页
The genetic adaptations of various organisms to heterogeneous environments in the northwestern Pacific remain poorly understood.Heterogeneous genomic divergence among populations may reflect environmentalselection.Adv... The genetic adaptations of various organisms to heterogeneous environments in the northwestern Pacific remain poorly understood.Heterogeneous genomic divergence among populations may reflect environmentalselection.Advancingour understanding of the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to different temperatures in response to climate change and predicting the adaptive potential and ecological consequences of anthropogenic global warming are critical.We sequenced the whole genomes of Japanese whiting(Sillago japonica)specimens collected from different latitudinal locations along the coastal waters of China and Japan to detect possible thermal adaptations.Using population genomics,a total of 5.48 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from five populations revealed a complete genetic break between the Chinese and Japanese groups,which was attributed to both geographic distance and local adaptation.The shared natural selection genes between two isolated populations(i.e.,Zhoushan and Ise Bay/Tokyo Bay)indicated possible parallel evolution at the genetic level induced by temperature.These genes also indicated that the process of temperature selection on isolated populations is repeatable.Moreover,we observed natural candidate genes related to membrane fluidity,possibly underlying adaptation to cold environmental stress.These findings advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the rapid adaptations of fish species.Species distribution projection models suggested that the Chinese and Japanese groups may have different responses to future climate change,with the former expanding and the latter contracting.The findings of this study enhance our understanding of genetic differentiation and adaptation to changing environments. 展开更多
关键词 Sillago japonica Local adaptation Climate change Temperature stress Wholegenome resequencing
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Farmers' perceptions of and adaptations to drought in Herat Province, Afghanistan 被引量:1
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作者 Mohammad Wasim IQBAL Somchai DONJADEE +1 位作者 Bancha KWANYUEN LIU Shi-yin 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第8期1741-1756,共16页
Drought is a significant natural hazard in Herat Province, Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to explore farmers' perceptions of the drought's prevalence and characteristics, its socioeconomic and en... Drought is a significant natural hazard in Herat Province, Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to explore farmers' perceptions of the drought's prevalence and characteristics, its socioeconomic and environmental impacts, their strategies for coping with and mitigating it, and types of conflicts and resolution mechanisms. A questionnaire was completed by 147 farming households. The results indicate that farmers' perceptions regarding drought are in line with the results obtained using the precipitation data. Even though the respondents have religious belief in interpreting the weather related issues, they also perceived drought as the climatic and environmental factors such as increased temperature, decreased precipitation, and other factors like war, financial weakness, deforestation, over-exploitation of groundwater, lack of electricity supply etc. The results show that drought has had serious economic impacts, including loss of employment and reduction in crop yield and livestock production, which have reduced farmers' livelihood options and weakened their financial situation. Social impacts have included migration, a sense of hopelessness and loss, conflicts over water, health problems, impacts on the schooling of children, malnutrition, and limits to food options. Significant environmental impacts such as an increase in temperature, pasture and forest degradation, deterioration of water quality, damage to fish and wildlife habitats, and groundwater depletion were also reported. Farmers used local techniques to adapt to drought and lessen its effects. Farmers perceived irrigation water to be a major source of conflict. Local elders, water-user associations, and formal courts were reported to be the most successful conflict resolution methods. It is expected that the results of this study will support policy makers within government and development agencies in Afghanistan to develop future drought adaptation policies. 展开更多
关键词 Adaptation strategies Perception Agriculture Drought impacts Water conflict
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Understanding Farmers’ Perceptions of and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability: The Case of the Maritime, Plateau and Savannah Regions of Togo 被引量:1
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作者 Agossou Gadédjisso-Tossou 《Agricultural Sciences》 2015年第12期1441-1454,共14页
Togolese agriculture is predominantly rain-fed and hence fundamentally dependent on the vagaries of weather. Thus, it is negatively affected by climate change. The present study assesses farmers’ perceptions and adap... Togolese agriculture is predominantly rain-fed and hence fundamentally dependent on the vagaries of weather. Thus, it is negatively affected by climate change. The present study assesses farmers’ perceptions and adaptation to climate change to enhance policy towards tackling the challenges climate change poses to the farmers in the study area. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logit (MNL) were used to analyze data obtained from a cross-sectional survey executed during the 2013/2014 agricultural production year in the maritime, plateau and savannah regions of Togo. The analysis of farmers’ perception to climate change reveals high increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall. These results are in line with the trend analysis of climate data that records from 1961 to 2013 about the study area especially on the temperature. Furthermore, the results show that crop diversification, change in crops, find off-farm jobs, change of the amount of land, change of the planting date and plant short season variety are the adaptation methods employed by the farmers. Moreover, with respect to the multinomial logit analysis, the results highlight that education level, farming experience, access extension services, access to credit and access to climate information are the factors that enhance farmers’ adaptive capacity to climate change and variability. Thus, there is room for better adaptation if government intensifies activities of extension workers and ensures that farmers have access to affordable credit schemes to increase their ability and flexibility to adopt adaptation measures. There is also a need to include climate change communication to facilitate exchange of climatic information that could enable smallholder farmers to adapt to changing planting dates. Finally, investment in education systems and creation of off-farm job opportunities in the rural areas can be underlined as a good policy option. 展开更多
关键词 Climate Change Agriculture Perception Adaptation MULTINOMIAL LOGIT
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Post Sherlockian Times——Research into the Adaptations of the Novel Sherlock Holmes
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作者 袁彧 《海外英语》 2015年第9期192-195,共4页
Sherlock Holmes, the literary image that Arthur Conan Doyle created in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, has undoubtedly become an iconic figure of detective. For over a century, a number of films and TV series which ... Sherlock Holmes, the literary image that Arthur Conan Doyle created in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes, has undoubtedly become an iconic figure of detective. For over a century, a number of films and TV series which based on this book are countless, Sherlock Holmes has been brought to silver screen and stage for a million times. It will be mentioned Arthur Conan and Sherlock Holmes in his book at first, and then review a list of Sherlock Holmes' adaptations in the history. Secondly, showing different personalities of this figure, taking film and TV dramas adaptation as examples to compare with the original novel,from which we can discover different perspectives of this image of Sherlock Holmes. At last, it emphasizes through the ages, literary works have always been materials for films and TV programs creation. From the everlasting image of Sherlock Holmes, we can see that literary spirits in classic masterpieces can be spread and flourished through adaptation of films and TV programs. 展开更多
关键词 Conan Doyle NOVEL of SHERLOCK HOLMES film and TV ADAPTATION SHERLOCK HOLMES
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Perspectives on studying molecular adaptations of amphibians in the genomic era
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作者 Yan-Bo Sun Yi Zhang Kai Wang 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第4期351-364,共14页
Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this ... Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue,as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology,including molecular adaptation,speciation,and even conservation of endangered species.Despite the well-recognized advantages,usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups,partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous genomes.Although this is particularly the case for amphibians,nonetheless,several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape,giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of organisms.At the same time,these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of amphibians.In this review,we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data,and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era,as well as directions for future research. 展开更多
关键词 Molecular adaptation Gene subnetwork Phenotypic evolution Transposable element AMPHIBIANS
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Effects of the adaptations to climate changes on the income of herdsmen in Qinghai Province
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作者 Yingcheng Liu Zhaohua Li +1 位作者 Feng Wu Fang Yin 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2013年第3期261-267,共7页
This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The surve... This study aims to implement the empirical analysis of the effects of the adaptive measures on the income of herdsmen in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming(PMP)model.The survey was first implemented in three counties in the Three Headwaters Region.Finally the measures and recommendations suitable for the economic development in the ecologically fragile areas were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:priority can be given to the measures to prevent the damage from rats and the engineering measures for pasture maintenance in Zeku County,where the geological conditions and grass quality are inferior,while the fiscal subsidy can be prioritized in Tongde County where the grassland area is relatively less.These recommendations can not only provide good reference for the protection of grassland resources,but they also lay a foundation for the implementation of more suitable measures to help the herdsmen in the ecologically fragile areas to adapt to the climate change. 展开更多
关键词 ecologically fragile area climate change PMP model Three HEADWATERS Region adaptive strategies
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Genomic analysis of Nypa fruticans elucidates its intertidal adaptations and early palm evolution 被引量:1
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作者 Weihong Wu Xiao Feng +10 位作者 Nan Wang Shao Shao Min Liu Fa Si Linhao Chen Chuanfeng Jin Shaohua Xu Zixiao Guo Cairong Zhong Suhua Shi Ziwen He 《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期824-843,共20页
Nypa fruticans(Wurmb),a mangrove palm species with origins dating back to the Late Cretaceous period,is a unique species for investigating long-term adaptation strategies to intertidal environments and the early evolu... Nypa fruticans(Wurmb),a mangrove palm species with origins dating back to the Late Cretaceous period,is a unique species for investigating long-term adaptation strategies to intertidal environments and the early evolution of palms.Here,we present a chromosome-level genome sequence and assembly for N.fruticans.We integrated the genomes of N.fruticans and other palm family members for a comparative genomic analysis,which confirmed that the common ancestor of all palms experienced a whole-genome duplication event around 89 million years ago,shaping the distinctive characteristics observed in this clade.We also inferred a low mutation rate for the N.fruticans genome,which underwent strong purifying selection and evolved slowly,thus contributing to its stability over a long evolutionary period.Moreover,ancient duplicates were preferentially retained,with critical genes having experienced positive selection,enhancing waterlogging tolerance in N.fruticans.Furthermore,we discovered that the pseudogenization of Early Methionine-labelled 1(EM1)and EM6 in N.fruticans underly its crypto-vivipary characteristics,reflecting its intertidal adaptation.Our study provides valuable genomic insights into the evolutionary history,genome stability,and adaptive evolution of the mangrove palm.Our results also shed light on the long-term adaptation of this species and contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics in the palm family. 展开更多
关键词 crypto-vivipary genome stability long-term adaptation mangrove Nypa fruticans PALM
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Assessing genome-wide adaptations associated with range expansion in the pink rice borer, Sesamia inferens
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作者 Hongran Li Yan Peng +8 位作者 Chao Wu Zhimin Li Luming Zou Kaikai Mao Junfen Ping Ryan Buck Scott Monahan Arun Sethuraman Yutao Xiao 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS 2024年第5期1617-1630,共14页
Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution following habitat expan-sion can have important implications for pest management.The pink rice borer(PRB),Sesamia inferens(Walker),is a destructive pest of rice th... Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution following habitat expan-sion can have important implications for pest management.The pink rice borer(PRB),Sesamia inferens(Walker),is a destructive pest of rice that was historically restricted to regions south of 34o N latitude in China.However,with changes in global climate and farming practices,the distribution of this moth has progressively expanded,en-compassing most regions in North China.Here,3 highly differentiated subpopulations were discovered using high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism and structural vari-ant datasets across China,corresponding to northern,southern China regions,and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,with significant patterns of isolation by geographic and envi-ronmental distances.Our estimates of evolutionary history indicate asymmetric migration with varying population sizes across the 3 subpopulations.Selective sweep analyses esti-mated strong selection at insect cuticle glycine-rich cuticular protein genes which are as-sociated with enhanced desiccation adaptability in the northern group,and at the histone-lysine-N-methyltransferase gene associated with range expansion and local adaptation in the Shandong population.Our findings have significant implications for the development of effective strategies to control this pest. 展开更多
关键词 desiccation adaptability evolutionary history genetic adaptation phylo-geography Sesamia inferens
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular adaptations underlying distinct immunity and inverted resting posture in bats
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作者 Jinwei WU Libiao ZHANG +3 位作者 Chao SHEN Simon Yung Wa SIN Caoqi LEI Huabin ZHAO 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第3期493-505,共13页
Understanding how natural selection shapes unique traits in mammals is a central topic in evolutionary biology.The mammalian order Chiroptera(bats)is attractive for biologists as well as the general public due to thei... Understanding how natural selection shapes unique traits in mammals is a central topic in evolutionary biology.The mammalian order Chiroptera(bats)is attractive for biologists as well as the general public due to their specific traits of extraordinary immunity and inverted resting posture.However,genomic resources for bats that occupy key phylogenetic positions are not sufficient,which hinders comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the origin of specific traits in bats.Here,we sequenced the transcriptomes of 5 bats that are phylo-genetically divergent and occupy key positions in the phylogenetic tree of bats.In combination with the available genomes of 19 bats and 21 other mammals,we built a database consisting of 10918 one-to-one ortholog genes and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of these mammals.We found that genes related to immunity,bone remodeling,and cardiovascular system are targets of natural selection along the ancestral branch of bats.Further analyses revealed that the T cell receptor signaling pathway involved in immune adaptation is specifically enriched in bats.Moreover,molecular adaptations of bone remodeling,cardiovascular system,and balance sensing may help to explain the reverted resting posture in bats.Our study provides valuable transcriptome resources,enabling us to tentatively identify genetic changes associated with bat-specific traits.This work is among thefirst to advance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of inverted resting posture in bats,which could provide insight into healthcare applications such as hypertension in humans. 展开更多
关键词 adaptation bats IMMUNITY resting posture TRANSCRIPTOME
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Neuronal and synaptic adaptations underlying the benefits of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
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作者 Wenying Xu Jie Wang +6 位作者 Xin-Ni Li Jingxue Liang Lu Song Yi Wu Zhenguo Liu Bomin Sun Wei-Guang Li 《Translational Neurodegeneration》 CSCD 2023年第1期90-110,共21页
Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is a well-established and effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD),yet its underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.Optogenetics,primarily conducted in animal mo... Deep brain stimulation(DBS)is a well-established and effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease(PD),yet its underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic.Optogenetics,primarily conducted in animal models,provides a unique approach that allows cell type-and projection-specific modulation that mirrors the frequency-dependent stimulus effects of DBS.Opto-DBS research in animal models plays a pivotal role in unraveling the neuronal and synaptic adaptations that contribute to the efficacy of DBS in PD treatment.DBS-induced neuronal responses rely on a complex interplay between the distributions of presynaptic inputs,frequency-dependent synaptic depression,and the intrinsic excitability of postsynaptic neurons.This orchestration leads to conversion of firing patterns,enabling both antidromic and orthodromic modulation of neural circuits.Understanding these mechanisms is vital for decoding position-and programming-dependent effects of DBS.Furthermore,patterned stimulation is emerging as a promising strategy yielding long-lasting therapeutic benefits.Research on the neuronal and synaptic adaptations to DBS may pave the way for the development of more enduring and precise modulation patterns.Advanced technologies,such as adaptive DBS or directional electrodes,can also be integrated for circuit-specific neuromodulation.These insights hold the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness of DBS and advance PD treatment to new levels. 展开更多
关键词 Parkinson’s disease Deep brain stimulation OPTOGENETICS Opto-DBS Synaptic adaptation Orthodromic effects Antidromic effects Long-lasting therapeutic effects
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中国改编指南的现状分析 被引量:1
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作者 王玲 任亚轩 +7 位作者 罗旭飞 朱迪 李哲玮 王晔 王冰怡 张化语 杨书 陈耀龙 《协和医学杂志》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期192-201,共10页
目的分析中国改编指南的制订现状及其方法学质量和报告质量,为我国改编指南的制订和发展提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed数据库,纳入2015—2023年由中国研究者或机构牵头制订的... 目的分析中国改编指南的制订现状及其方法学质量和报告质量,为我国改编指南的制订和发展提供参考。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed数据库,纳入2015—2023年由中国研究者或机构牵头制订的改编指南,提取改编指南的基本信息,采用AGREEⅡ和RIGHT-Ad@pt工具评价改编指南的方法学质量和报告质量。结果共纳入14部改编指南,主要集中于护理领域(42.9%,6/14),最常采用的改编方法是ADAPTE方法(71.4%,10/14),参照的原指南主要来自美国、英国和国际组织。AGREEⅡ工具的评估结果显示,改编指南的方法学质量平均得分为36.6%,表达明晰性和制订严谨性领域得分相对较高(44.4%和54.9%),应用性领域得分最低(15.3%);RIGHT-Ad@pt工具的评估结果显示,改编指南的报告质量相对较好,报告率最高为91.2%,最低为35.3%,其中7部报告率均高于70%。结论中国改编指南仍处于起步阶段,数量少且主要集中于护理领域,最常采用的改编方法是ADAPTE方法;改编指南的方法学质量和报告质量有待进一步提升,未来应针对改编指南制订的具体条件和时机开展更多相关研究。 展开更多
关键词 临床实践指南 改编指南 ADAPTE
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Communication Resource-Efficient Vehicle Platooning Control With Various Spacing Policies 被引量:4
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作者 Xiaohua Ge Qing-Long Han +1 位作者 Xian-Ming Zhang Derui Ding 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第2期362-376,共15页
Platooning represents one of the key features that connected automated vehicles may possess as it allows multiple automated vehicles to be maneuvered cooperatively with small headways on roads. However, a critical cha... Platooning represents one of the key features that connected automated vehicles may possess as it allows multiple automated vehicles to be maneuvered cooperatively with small headways on roads. However, a critical challenge in accomplishing automated vehicle platoons is to deal with the effects of intermittent and sporadic vehicle-to-vehicle data transmissions caused by limited wireless communication resources. This paper addresses the co-design problem of dynamic event-triggered communication scheduling and cooperative adaptive cruise control for a convoy of automated vehicles with diverse spacing policies. The central aim is to achieve automated vehicle platooning under various gap references with desired platoon stability and spacing performance requirements, while simultaneously improving communication efficiency. Toward this aim, a dynamic event-triggered scheduling mechanism is developed such that the intervehicle data transmissions are scheduled dynamically and efficiently over time. Then, a tractable co-design criterion on the existence of both the admissible event-driven cooperative adaptive cruise control law and the desired scheduling mechanism is derived. Finally, comparative simulation results are presented to substantiate the effectiveness and merits of the obtained results. 展开更多
关键词 Automated vehicles constant time headway spacing constant spacing cooperative adaptive cruise control event-triggered communication vehicle platooning
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