Adaptive OFDM system based on space-time block code

To satisfy the request of wireless communication for new generation communication system, a new scheme consisting of a combination of adaptive technology and space-time code-OFDM is presented. The proposed method, exploits adaptive bit allocation scheme over multipath fading channel. Numerical simulations have shown that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the performance of non-adaptive STBC-OFDM system.

Method of combining space-time block coding with adaptive beamforming

A method of space-time block coding （STBC） system based on adaptive beamforming of cyclostationarity signal algorithm is proposed.The method uses cyclostationarity of signals to achieve adaptive beamforming,then constructs a pair of low correlated transmit beams based on beamform estimation of multiple component signals of uplink.Using these two selected transmit beams,signals encoded by STBC are transmitted to achieve diversity gain and beamforming gain at the same time,and increase the signal to noise ratio （SNR） of downlink.With simple computation and fast convergence performance,the proposed scheme is applicable for time division multiple access （TDMA） wireless communication operated in a complex interference environment.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than conventional STBC,and can obtain a gain of about 5 dB when the bit error ratio （BER） is 10-4.

V-BLAST BASED LDPC-CODED RELAY COOPERATION

An efficient LDPC-coded multi-relay cooperation architecture is proposed based on virtual vertical Bell Labs layered space-time （V-BLAST） processing for uplink communication, where minimum-mean-square-error （MMSE） and BP-based joint iterative decoding based on the introduced muhi-layer Tanner graph are effectively de- signed to detect and decode the corrupted received sequence at the destination. By introducing V-BLAST transmis- sion to the coded multi-relay cooperation, relays send their streams of symbols simultaneously, which increases the data rate and significantly reduces the transmission delay. The theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the new LDPC coded cooperation scheme outperforms the coded non-cooperation under the same code rate, and it also achieves a good trade-off among the performance, signal delay, and the encoding complexity associated with the number of relays. The performance gain can be credited to the proposed V-BLAST processing architecture and BP-based joint iterative decoding by the introduced multi-layer Tanner graph at a receiver-side.

Improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding

An improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding （WCD- DSTBC） is proposed, which effectively achieves diversity gains and improves the performance of the system by sharing some single-antenna users＇ antennas to form a virtual antenna array and combining with distributed spacetime block coding （DSTBC） mode. Then the relation between the system BER and the interuser BER for WCDDSTBC scheme is theoretically derived and the closed-form expression of BER for WCD-DSTBC system is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed WCD-DSTBC scheme achieves distinct gains over the non-cooperative multi-carrier CDMA （MC-CDMA） system. When system BER is le-3 and interuser BER is le-3, about 2.5 dB gain can be gotten. When interuser channel state information （CSI） outgoes the users＇ individual CSI, about 3 dB gain is also achieved.

Performance Analysis of an Adaptive Incremental Cooperative Relaying Scheme for Wireless Relay Networks

In wireless relaying networks, the traditional incremental cooperative relaying scheme (IR) could improve the system throughput enormously over fading channels by exploiting relay nodes to retransmit the source data packet to the destination. In order to enhance the system throughput over time-varying fading channels, this paper proposes an adaptive incremental cooperative re-laying scheme (AIR) based on adaptive modulation and coding, which implements adaptive rate transmission for the source and relay nodes according to channel state information. We derive expressions for the AIR system throughput, and then give a gradient-based search algorithm to find the optimized adaptive solution for the AIR system by maximizing throughput subject to the constraint of packet error rate at the data link layer. The results indicate that throughput of AIR system outperforms that of traditional IR system greatly for any SNR value.

Design of an adaptive precoding/STBC baseband transceiver on a reconfigurable architecture

Precoding and space-time block coding （STBC）techniques using the uniform channel decomposition （UCD）are proposed to improve the bit error rate （BER） of themultiple-antenna communication system, but at a cost of areduced data rate. In order to achieve a higher overall systemperformance, a novel adaptive transceiver architecture whichflexibly combines both UCD and UCD ＋ STBC technologies isproposed. The channel state information （CSI） feedback pathwas added to the precoder to select which coding method wasto be used, i.e. UCD alone or UCD ＋ STBC. With thesmaller constellation sizes, Matlab simulation results showthat, the adaptive transceiver architecture will select the UCD-only mode under the higher SNR conditions in order to achievea higher bit rate. The UCD ＋ STBC mode will be selectedunder the lower SNR conditions （e. g., SNR 〈 10 dB） inorder to maintain good BER performance at the cost of areduced data rate. This architecture was implemented andverified using both UMC 0.18 ASIC process technology and aXilinx xc4vlx Virtex-4 FPGA at 150 MHz. The simulationresults demonstrate that the required number of reconfigurablearithmetic unit slices grows linearly with the channel matrixsize, while the number of adder array unit and reconfigurablelogic unit slices increases slightly with the constellation size.

Combined adaptive beamforming with space-time block coding for multi-antenna communications

Aiming at the multi-antenna communication systems, a downlink transmit scheme combining adaptive beamforming （ABF） with space-time block coding （STBC） is first presented, which utilizes the maximization of the output mean signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and the minimization of the symbol error rate （SER） upper bound of the three widely used modulations as the design criteria. Then, based on the moment generating function （MGF） and the Gauss-Chebyshev integration, a simple and accurate numerical method is presented to analyze the SER performance of the system with the new transmit scheme under the three commonly used modulations. Finally, computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy.

Cross-layer design of combining AMC with HARQ in cooperative relay system with perfect and imperfect CSI

A cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol at the data link layer (LL) is presented, in cooperative relay system over Nakagami-m fading channels with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In order to maximize spectral efficiency (SE) under delay and packet error rate (PER) performance constraints, a state transition model and an optimization framework with perfect CSI are presented. Then the framework is extended to cooperative relay system with imperfect CSI. The numerical results show that the scheme can achieve maximum SE while satisfying transmitting delay requirements. Compared with the imperfect CSI, the average PER with perfect CSI is much lower and the spectral efficiency is much higher.

THE THEORETICAL BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY SCHEME IN FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNEL

A novel cooperative diversity scheme based on Distributed Space-Time Block Coding and Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (DSTBC-MC-CDMA) is proposed which works well in frequency selective fading channels with multiple single-antenna users. And an analytical error model is established to describe the symbol decoding errors between interusers, based on which a close form expression for theoretical Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the scheme is derived to analyze the influence of the interuser decoding errors on the BER performance of the scheme. Then simulation is complimented to verify the analytic result above, which also shows that the BER performance of DSTBC-MC-CDMA outgoes that of non-cooperative MC-CDMA with considerable gains. Further- more, the simulations coincide with the theoretical results well.

A Multi-User Cooperative Diversity for Wireless Local Area Networks

In this paper, an idea of using space-time block coding (STBC) in multi-user cooperative diversity has been exploited to improve the performance of the transmission in wireless local area networks. The theoretical and simulation results show that, using STBC approaches can always achieve the better performance than existing techniques without introducing the space-time coding. By analyzing the throughput and frame error ratio (FER) of the two different STBC cooperative schemes, we find the trade-off between throughput and reliability. The location of the relay is crucial to the performance, which supposes a rule for future cross-layer design.

Device-to-Device Based Cooperative Relaying for 5G Network:A Comparative Review

Due to the proliferation of mobile internet access, the cellu-lar traffic is envisaged to experience a 1000-fold growth inthe second decade of the 21 st century. To meet such a hugetraffic demand, the Fifth Generation(5G) network have toadopt new techniques to substantially increase spectral effi-ciency and reliability. At the base station side, available re-sources(power supply, equipment size, processing capability,etc.) are far more sufficient than that of the terminal side,which imposes a high challenge on the uplink transmission.The concept of cooperative communications opens a possibili-ty of using multiple terminals to cooperatively achieve spa-tial diversity that is typically obtained by means of multipleantennas in the base station. The application of Device-to-Device(D2D) communications in the 3GPP LTE system fur-ther pushes the collaboration of terminals from the theory tothe practice. The utilization of D2D-based cooperative relay-ing is promising in the era of 5G. In this paper, we compara-tively study several cooperative multi-relay schemes, includ-ing the proposed opportunistic space-time coding, in thepresence of imperfect channel state information. The numeri-cal results reveal that the proposed scheme is the best coop-erative solution until now from the perspective of multiplex-ing-diversity tradeoff.

Space-time cooperative diversity scheme using full feedback

This article proposes a new space-time cooperative diversity scheme called full feedback-based cooperative diversity scheme （FFBCD）. In contrast to the conventional adaptive space-time cooperative diversity schemes that utilize the feedback from only the destination node, the new scheme utilizes the feedback from both the destination node and the cooperation node. With the feedback from the destination node, the occasional successful reception of the destination node in the information distribution stage can be detected, thus avoiding unnecessary retransmissions in the information delivery stage. The feedback from the cooperation node indicates the receiving state of the cooperation node in the information distribution stage, and the source node and the cooperation node will not perform cooperative retransmission during the information delivery stage unless the cooperation node is received successfully in the information distribution stage. In this way the new scheme can reduce the number of transmission attempt and improve the channel utilization. The expressions of the average number of transmission attempt are given. Numerical approximations and simulation results both show that the new scheme performs better than the non-cooperative scheme and the conventional adaptive space-time cooperative diversity scheme.

Switching Between Antenna Subset Selection and Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code in Presence of Correlation

We address the problem of adaptive modulation and coding scheme(AMCS) for a multi-input multioutput(MIMO) system in presence of time-varying transmitting correlation.Antenna subset selection and quasiorthogonal space-time block code(QOSTBC) have different error performances with different signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs) and in different spatial correlation scenarios.The error performance can be improved by selecting an appropriate transmission scheme to adapt to various channel conditions.The maximum distance criterion is the simplest and very effective algorithm for the antenna subset selection without needs of complex calculation and channel state information at transmitter(CSIT).The minimum error performance criteria and the simplified linear decision strategy are developed for constant transmission rate traffic to select the optimal transmission scheme.It can dramatically decrease algorithm complexity for obtaining error probability according to the known quantities comparing with using instant CSIT.Simulation results show that,remarkable performances including low SNR and weak spatial correlation at the expense of simple calculation and almost no bandwidth loss by adopting AMCS can be achieved.The proposed AMCS improves robustness of slowly varying spatial correlated channels.

新型信道自适应编码协作体制

针对传统编码协作体制在信道条件动态变化的移动场景中存在较严重的性能损失问题,提出一种码率兼容低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码与混合自动重传请求(HARQ)协议相结合的新型自适应编码协作体制。假设信道状态信息在每次传输时发生变化,通过不等长增量冗余的自动重传,协作节点与目的节点处的等效码率随信道条件变化而获得自适应非线性调整。推导所提体制的中断概率与吞吐量等系统性能表达式,并给出理论分析及仿真结果。实验结果表明,在适当的兼容码率设计下,所提体制与传统体制和等长传输体制相比较可有效降低系统中断概率,提高系统的吞吐量,改善移动环境下协作通信系统的传输可靠性。

基于无线网络编码的速率自适应协作MAC协议

传统无线网络编码协议在单播传输模式中较少考虑速率自适应对网络性能的改善作用,而利用RTS/CTS握手信号进行信道估计的速率自适应机制则存在开销大、网络吞吐性能差等缺陷。为此,提出一种基于网络编码的速率自适应协作介质访问控制协议RACNC。该协议使用网络编码模型和基于ACK帧的速率自适应机制,当源节点传输的原始数据帧未被成功接收时,选取中继节点对原始数据帧进行编码处理,然后转发编码数据帧,在保证数据帧可靠传输的同时减少其在网络上的传输次数。同时利用改进的ACK帧进行速率反馈,避免在估计信道质量时发送多余的RTS/CTS控制帧。仿真结果表明,与基于网络编码的NCAC-WTC协议相比,RACNC协议可有效减小平均端到端时延,提高网络吞吐量。

协作通信网络中的合作编码技术

未来宽带无线通信系统要支持高达1Gb/s的峰值无线传输速率,就必须考虑利用协作通信技术,充分复用频率、时间、空间等多维资源,改善网络覆盖性能。合作编码将协作信号处理和信道编码技术有机地结合在一起,是实现高性能合作通信的重要保障,合作编码将成为未来宽带无线通信技术的一项关键技术。合作编码技术必须适应节点的双工或半双工通信方式,采用适应不同的协同通信网络环境要求的合作编码技术方案。未来的合作编码技术的发展方向是自适应的合作编码技术和网络编码协作技术。

分布式空频码自适应联合编译码方案性能研究

针对分布式线性分散码空频编码系统,提出了一种新的自适应编码和译码联合的方案。中继节点根据信道状况自适应选择分散矩阵和调制方式,接收端根据设定的信道条件数阈值自适应选择译码算法,并在COST207典型城市信道模型下进行了MATLAB仿真。仿真结果表明文中所提算法能够有效改善系统的性能。

矿井巷道时频编码协作MC-CDMA自适应功率分配

矿井巷道时频编码协作MC-CDMA无线传输当目标用户与协作伙伴的发送功率之和为定值时,因目标用户、协作伙伴与基站间的信道增益会随用户位置变化而变化,在目标用户和协作伙伴间采用等功率分配方案会造成功率资源的浪费。为充分利用有限的功率,保证目标用户的无线通信性能,在目标用户、协作伙伴和基站处设置接收信噪比门限,目标用户功率对总功率的功率分配比例ρ需满足目标用户、协作伙伴和基站接收的信噪比高于该接收信噪比门限。推导出了矿井巷道时频编码协作MC-CDMA功率分配比例范围,并取分配比例范围的中间值作为目标用户与协作伙伴之间的功率分配比例。推导结果显示,功率分配比例随总功率和平均信道增益变化而变化,从而在用户位置改变或总功率变化时能动态地为目标用户和协作伙伴分配功率,实现了功率的自适应分配。仿真结果表明,与等功率分配方案相比,无论是目标用户位置变化还是总功率变化,采用所提出的自适应功率分配方案显著地减小了矿井巷道时频编码协作MC-CDMA目标用户误比特率性能。

基于喷泉码的放大转发协作通信系统的性能

为了实现在发送端未知信道状态信息(CSI)条件下的高效协作通信,研究了基于喷泉码的协作通信系统的性能。研究表明,在放大转发协作中目的端接收到的喷泉码符号的差错率比译码转发协作低。同时为了更充分地利用协作分集增益,提出了将基于喷泉码的放大转发协作通信与自适应解调技术相结合的方案,该方案使协作分集更有效地作用于喷泉码译码,并实现在发送端未知CSI条件下的自适应传输。仿真结果表明,该方案与采用喷泉码的直传通信和译码转发协作通信相比,能够降低误比特率,加快译码速度。

Two-Phase Bidirectional Dual-Relay Selection Strategy for Wireless Relay Networks

In this article,we introduce a new bi-directional dual-relay selection strategy with its bit error rate(BER)performance analysis.During the first step of the proposed strategy,two relays out of a set of N relay-nodes are selected in a way to optimize the system performance in terms of BER,based on the suggested algorithm which checks if the selected relays using the maxmin criterion are the best ones.In the second step,the chosen relay-nodes perform an orthogonal space-time coding scheme using the two-phase relaying protocol to establish a bi-directional communication between the communicating terminals,leading to a significant improvement in the achievable coding and diversity gain.To further improve the overall system performance,the selected relay-nodes apply also a digital network coding scheme.Furthermore,this paper discusses the analytical approximation of the BER performance of the proposed strategy,where we prove that the analytical results match almost perfectly the simulated ones.Finally,our simulation results show that the proposed strategy outperforms the current state-of-the-art ones.