In this study, gasoline was blended with dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate or methyl acetate respectively with four different volume fraction, i.e. 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. The nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), fluorocarbon ...In this study, gasoline was blended with dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate or methyl acetate respectively with four different volume fraction, i.e. 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. The nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), fluorocarbon rubber (FKM), and Silastic were prepared for the immersion tests. To assess the performance of the three ester additives, the changes in the weight and volume of these three elastomers during the immersion tests with different gasoline samples were studied. The results showed that gasoline blended with the ester additives could lead to serious swelling problem for the elastomer materials which were widely used in the vehicle manufacture industry. The seal ability of elastomer materials would also be impaired by being exposed in the ester additives-gasoline blending for a long time.展开更多
Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and eval...Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blends of different oxygenated additives on gasoline in SI engine Otto cycle. The formulations analyzed were...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blends of different oxygenated additives on gasoline in SI engine Otto cycle. The formulations analyzed were: pure gasoline (type A), common gasoline (type C), gasoline type A + 15% (v/v) oxygenated additives (ethanol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl oleate). The experiments were performed using engine Branco 4-stroke and 2-cylinder, electric dynamometer, exhaust system, control unit composed of Multi-K unit, variable selector and load cell, stroboscope tachometer, fuel supply system and stopwatch. The rotation was conserved at 4400 rpm and wheel power varied from 3 kW to 12 kW, with intervals of 3 kW to obtain hourly consumption curves and brake specific fuel consumption. Even esters and ethanol having lower heat of combustion, hourly consumption was similar to pure gasoline (type A). In relation to the brake specific fuel consumption, increasing the wheel power had a better conversion of the mass of fuel burned into energy. Thus, this study showed that the mixture of gasoline and esters (ethyl octanoate and ethyl oleate) presented good efficiency in terms of consumption. This research contributes to the needs and to the current studi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es in which industries started to add renewable products to petroleum-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">derived fuels;in order to obtain more sustainable fuels at lower costs.</span>展开更多
Oil represents the main energy sources used by mankind. In addition, petroleum products serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, thus playing an important growing role in people’s lives. For this reason there a...Oil represents the main energy sources used by mankind. In addition, petroleum products serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, thus playing an important growing role in people’s lives. For this reason there are various software applications designed to do the environmental assessment to see their impact on the environment. Among these is SimaPro software package designed to make a valuable contribution. It is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact of products during their whole life cycle. In this study, it was applied to analyze and evaluate the impacts for Al-Daura refinery for the gasoline and kerosene fuel production. This refinery located in Baghdad, Iraq was analyzed. The results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) show that gasoline has a (single score) of the order of 11.1 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from gasoline fuel compared with 4.83 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from kerosene. Global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy were the most effective environmental impacts.展开更多
In order to assess the performance of a new cleansing and combustion-improving gasoline additive （MAZ）, and to explore the evaluation methods of additives, two engines with the same model number and performance indi...In order to assess the performance of a new cleansing and combustion-improving gasoline additive （MAZ）, and to explore the evaluation methods of additives, two engines with the same model number and performance indices, fueled with and without the MAZ gasoline additive respectively, are carried through 100 h strenuous tests on a bench. The results obtained in full load characteristic and load characteristics of different operational modes are compared. It indicates that the power, economy and emission of the engine fueled with the MAZ additive all have obvious improvement in comparison with the engine without adding the additive： the power increasing by 16.43%, specific fuel consumption （SFC） decreasing 5.39%, and the emission of CO, HC and NOx falling by 28.61%, 54.38% and 10.1% respectively. Wear and tear of the engine cylinder is weakened, and sediment of combustion chamber inner side is reduced. In addition, no negative effect on the catalytic conversion device is found.展开更多
The matter extracted from palm oil was considered as gasoline additive. The effect of various percentages (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) of the bio-additives on fuel economy of SI engine respectively running on prime gasoline,...The matter extracted from palm oil was considered as gasoline additive. The effect of various percentages (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) of the bio-additives on fuel economy of SI engine respectively running on prime gasoline, gasoline with known compo- nents, ethanol gasoline, and methanol gasoline under typical urban operation condition 2000 r/min was investigated. The results showed that the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy of SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. The optimal ratio of bio-additive to gasoline depends on the fuel used and on the different engine operating conditions. Besides, the experiments of constant volume combustion bomb, analysis of in cylinder processes, the synchrotron ra- diation and high-temperature friction were conducted to probe into the mechanism of the bio-additive impact on fuel economy. It indicated that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the frication coefficient.展开更多
The M/USY/Al2O3/kaolinite sulfur reduction additive systems containing vanadium were prepared by different methods. The influence of the preparation methods, the active constituent forerunners, the vanadium content an...The M/USY/Al2O3/kaolinite sulfur reduction additive systems containing vanadium were prepared by different methods. The influence of the preparation methods, the active constituent forerunners, the vanadium content and the type of molecular sieves on sulfur reduction of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied by a small fixed bed. The results showed that when FCC catalyst was blended with the sulfur reduction additives prepared by the special method at the ratio of 95：5, the relative sulfur reduction rate reached 35% and there was little influence on distribution of the products and quality of the gasoline. The XRD analysis indicated that the Y molecular sieve crystal structure in the additives prepared by the specific method retained integrity.展开更多
文摘In this study, gasoline was blended with dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate or methyl acetate respectively with four different volume fraction, i.e. 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. The nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), fluorocarbon rubber (FKM), and Silastic were prepared for the immersion tests. To assess the performance of the three ester additives, the changes in the weight and volume of these three elastomers during the immersion tests with different gasoline samples were studied. The results showed that gasoline blended with the ester additives could lead to serious swelling problem for the elastomer materials which were widely used in the vehicle manufacture industry. The seal ability of elastomer materials would also be impaired by being exposed in the ester additives-gasoline blending for a long time.
基金This work was supported by the SINOPEC Research Project(No.121052-2).
文摘Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blends of different oxygenated additives on gasoline in SI engine Otto cycle. The formulations analyzed were: pure gasoline (type A), common gasoline (type C), gasoline type A + 15% (v/v) oxygenated additives (ethanol, ethyl octanoate, ethyl oleate). The experiments were performed using engine Branco 4-stroke and 2-cylinder, electric dynamometer, exhaust system, control unit composed of Multi-K unit, variable selector and load cell, stroboscope tachometer, fuel supply system and stopwatch. The rotation was conserved at 4400 rpm and wheel power varied from 3 kW to 12 kW, with intervals of 3 kW to obtain hourly consumption curves and brake specific fuel consumption. Even esters and ethanol having lower heat of combustion, hourly consumption was similar to pure gasoline (type A). In relation to the brake specific fuel consumption, increasing the wheel power had a better conversion of the mass of fuel burned into energy. Thus, this study showed that the mixture of gasoline and esters (ethyl octanoate and ethyl oleate) presented good efficiency in terms of consumption. This research contributes to the needs and to the current studi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es in which industries started to add renewable products to petroleum-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">derived fuels;in order to obtain more sustainable fuels at lower costs.</span>
文摘Oil represents the main energy sources used by mankind. In addition, petroleum products serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, thus playing an important growing role in people’s lives. For this reason there are various software applications designed to do the environmental assessment to see their impact on the environment. Among these is SimaPro software package designed to make a valuable contribution. It is a powerful tool for analyzing the environmental impact of products during their whole life cycle. In this study, it was applied to analyze and evaluate the impacts for Al-Daura refinery for the gasoline and kerosene fuel production. This refinery located in Baghdad, Iraq was analyzed. The results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) show that gasoline has a (single score) of the order of 11.1 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from gasoline fuel compared with 4.83 point for each 1 cubic meter produce from kerosene. Global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy were the most effective environmental impacts.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, China and Provincial Environmental Protection Science Foundation of Guangdong, China(No.320-D3800).
文摘In order to assess the performance of a new cleansing and combustion-improving gasoline additive （MAZ）, and to explore the evaluation methods of additives, two engines with the same model number and performance indices, fueled with and without the MAZ gasoline additive respectively, are carried through 100 h strenuous tests on a bench. The results obtained in full load characteristic and load characteristics of different operational modes are compared. It indicates that the power, economy and emission of the engine fueled with the MAZ additive all have obvious improvement in comparison with the engine without adding the additive： the power increasing by 16.43%, specific fuel consumption （SFC） decreasing 5.39%, and the emission of CO, HC and NOx falling by 28.61%, 54.38% and 10.1% respectively. Wear and tear of the engine cylinder is weakened, and sediment of combustion chamber inner side is reduced. In addition, no negative effect on the catalytic conversion device is found.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50376045)
文摘The matter extracted from palm oil was considered as gasoline additive. The effect of various percentages (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%) of the bio-additives on fuel economy of SI engine respectively running on prime gasoline, gasoline with known compo- nents, ethanol gasoline, and methanol gasoline under typical urban operation condition 2000 r/min was investigated. The results showed that the bio-additives can remarkably improve the fuel economy of SI engine while operating on all kinds of fuel. The optimal ratio of bio-additive to gasoline depends on the fuel used and on the different engine operating conditions. Besides, the experiments of constant volume combustion bomb, analysis of in cylinder processes, the synchrotron ra- diation and high-temperature friction were conducted to probe into the mechanism of the bio-additive impact on fuel economy. It indicated that the bio-additives can increase the maximum cylinder combustion pressure, improve exhaust emissions and largely reduce the frication coefficient.
文摘The M/USY/Al2O3/kaolinite sulfur reduction additive systems containing vanadium were prepared by different methods. The influence of the preparation methods, the active constituent forerunners, the vanadium content and the type of molecular sieves on sulfur reduction of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied by a small fixed bed. The results showed that when FCC catalyst was blended with the sulfur reduction additives prepared by the special method at the ratio of 95：5, the relative sulfur reduction rate reached 35% and there was little influence on distribution of the products and quality of the gasoline. The XRD analysis indicated that the Y molecular sieve crystal structure in the additives prepared by the specific method retained integrity.
