A “Forest City” (FC) is an urban area that has a significant amount of forest cover. It is now a green urban development strategy that is supported by numerous nations. This essay compares the many FC implementation...A “Forest City” (FC) is an urban area that has a significant amount of forest cover. It is now a green urban development strategy that is supported by numerous nations. This essay compares the many FC implementation strategies used in developed and developing countries and explores potential future paths for this tactic. The variations between FC in terms of measurement targets, air purification, street trees, and forestry development are thoroughly compared in this research. This essay goes on to explore FC’s potential in the future regarding policy changes and the environment based on this comparison. Therefore, this essay focuses on the necessity of considering industrial innovation, encouraging biodiversity, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, paying attention to forest restructuring, and being more responsive to the issues provided by urbanization in the future global implementation of FC.展开更多
In the face of the continuous decline in the birth rate and the aging of the peak of aging, following the implementation of the ＂Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively De...In the face of the continuous decline in the birth rate and the aging of the peak of aging, following the implementation of the ＂Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues＂ adopted by the Filth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 15, 2013, the party is the only child. Female couples can have a policy of giving birth to two children. On October 29, 2015, China introduced the ＂two-child policy＂, completely replacing the ＂one-child policy＂ that has been implemented in China for more than 30 years. The ＂two-child comprehensive＂ can alleviate the unfavorable population trend that plagues China＇s social security system to a certain extent. Optimize the age structure of the population and increase the supply of labor. However, for a long time, the financial distress and management dilemma faced by China＇s pension payment still exist, and the loose population birth policy will have a great impact on reducing pension payment, and will gradually appear in the policy implementation. This article combines the ＂comprehensive two-child＂ policy, focusing on the role of the new population birth policy to alleviate the pressure on China＇s pension.展开更多
Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The ...Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The socialist market economy system will gradually develop to perfection,the market will play a fundamental role in allocating resources,and the State’s centralizing guidance and macro-control over the social and economic development will be more scientific,reasonable and effective.In recent years,despite of展开更多
The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same...The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same time their applications are converging greatly.These are the three major technological drivers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.This paper discusses the specific technology niches of each kind technological driver behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and then evaluates impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on global industrial,economic,and social development.At last this paper proposes possible measures and policies for both firms and governments to cope with the changes brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.展开更多
In the paper, we briefly introduce the development and present situation of earthquake insurance in China and foreign countries, and the evaluation of earthquake losses on the basis of seismic risk and structural vuln...In the paper, we briefly introduce the development and present situation of earthquake insurance in China and foreign countries, and the evaluation of earthquake losses on the basis of seismic risk and structural vulnerability analyses. The emphasis is given to the probabilistic density function of earthquake loss adjustment for a single building under the given insurance policy and the overall variance of estimated earthquake losses aggregated from various locations with keen interest in the insurance industries. The correlation coefficient for the damages among single structures in the United States is also introduced to interpret the risk of loss concentration in the earthquake insurance. The paper provides a scientific basis for adjusting earthquake loss and premium rate, and it also provides a useful reference for the application and expansion of earthquake insurance in China.展开更多
The chronic problems of having a large population versus limited land resources and an urban-rural dual system are the premise for discussing China ＇s agricultural ontology. According to its natural properties, there...The chronic problems of having a large population versus limited land resources and an urban-rural dual system are the premise for discussing China ＇s agricultural ontology. According to its natural properties, there are three main types of agriculture systems： large-farm agriculture, small-farm agriculture and household-based agriculture. China cannot pursue agricultural modernization based on the developed countries＇experiences with large-farm models regardless of its national conditions. Otherwise, it will suffer double negative externalities on the environment and food safety. In 2007, China made the policy shift towards modern agriculture. Current theoretical studies need to further explore new incentives and compensation mechanisms that are compatible with this new policy shift.展开更多
There are three dynamics and five attributes for the Obama administration’s adjustment in its Middle East policy.The changing Middle East policy highlights the following points:shifting anti-terror battlefield from I...There are three dynamics and five attributes for the Obama administration’s adjustment in its Middle East policy.The changing Middle East policy highlights the following points:shifting anti-terror battlefield from Iraq to Afghanistan,withdrawing troops from Iraq in a step-by-step manner,taking a positive attitude towards Palestine-Israel peace talks,striving to initiate a face-to-face dialogue with Iran,and settling international disputes by diplomatic means.However,the solution to Middle East hot-spot issues hinges on some uncertain factors which are the most important and most challenging part in the Obama administration’s foreign policy.展开更多
Population geography （PopGeo）, although a sub-discipline of human geography, should have been well developed in China in light of its national population size and unique demographic issues, regional socio-economic d...Population geography （PopGeo）, although a sub-discipline of human geography, should have been well developed in China in light of its national population size and unique demographic issues, regional socio-economic development, and biophysical differences. Yet it typically lags behind the development of its parent disciplines, especially demography and geography. Specifically, PopGeo in Chinese higher education is still at a low level in terms of the three major aspects of disciplinary development： academic majors for higher education, academic conferences, and journals. The research content of PopGeo in China has focused on the growth, composition, change, distribution, and carrying capacity of population at the meso- and macro-spatial scales. As the most populated country in the world, questions about how and why the population changes, where the population settles and migrates to, its maximum carrying capacity, and how to guide sound development of population matter to society and the economy, are always important topics in the PopGeo studies in China. In contrast, some new population phenomena such as human space-time behaviors （commuting, remittances, and friends＇ interaction）, popular in the scientific community abroad, are not fully investigated at the micro-level. Presently, PopGeo in China may face both challenges and opportunities because of the adjustment of fertility policies and implementation of na- tional new urbanization plans at the national level. It is this occasion that calls for a state-of-the-art review of the development of PopGeo since the 1980s, the turning point of an increasing number of PopGeo studies in China. We aim to reveal the current status of Pop- Geo in China to the world, and shed light on its further study.展开更多
The sustained surpluses in the current and capital accounts of balance of payments are the main reason for the continuing rapid expanse of China＇s foreign exchange reserves in recent years. However, flaws in the form...The sustained surpluses in the current and capital accounts of balance of payments are the main reason for the continuing rapid expanse of China＇s foreign exchange reserves in recent years. However, flaws in the formation of the renminbi exchange rate regime are the institutional root cause of the sustained high growth in foreign exchange reserves. Various theoretical misconceptions about the scale of foreign exchange reserves have swayed policies and contributed to its sustained fast growth. Sustained high growth of China＇s foreign exchange reserves, and its extraordinary large scale, carry tremendous risks. Because the security of foreign exchange reserves affects a country＇s financial safety, China urgently needs to adjust its foreign exchange reserve policies.展开更多
With the changes of the international situation,the Obama administration has adjusted its foreign policy.Although the biggest change happens in the US Middle East policy,what has changed is not its strategy but tactic...With the changes of the international situation,the Obama administration has adjusted its foreign policy.Although the biggest change happens in the US Middle East policy,what has changed is not its strategy but tactics or manoeuvres.The adjusted Middle East policy is unlikely to be implemented in practice.The decline of the national power of the US weakens its leading role in the Middle East issue.Despite their recent development,hot-spot issues in the"Greater Middle East"such as the Palestine-Israel conflicts,the Afghan War,the Iraqi War and the Iranian nuclear issue shall anticipate no easy resolution because of their complexity and involution.展开更多
文摘A “Forest City” (FC) is an urban area that has a significant amount of forest cover. It is now a green urban development strategy that is supported by numerous nations. This essay compares the many FC implementation strategies used in developed and developing countries and explores potential future paths for this tactic. The variations between FC in terms of measurement targets, air purification, street trees, and forestry development are thoroughly compared in this research. This essay goes on to explore FC’s potential in the future regarding policy changes and the environment based on this comparison. Therefore, this essay focuses on the necessity of considering industrial innovation, encouraging biodiversity, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, paying attention to forest restructuring, and being more responsive to the issues provided by urbanization in the future global implementation of FC.
文摘In the face of the continuous decline in the birth rate and the aging of the peak of aging, following the implementation of the ＂Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Some Major Issues＂ adopted by the Filth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 15, 2013, the party is the only child. Female couples can have a policy of giving birth to two children. On October 29, 2015, China introduced the ＂two-child policy＂, completely replacing the ＂one-child policy＂ that has been implemented in China for more than 30 years. The ＂two-child comprehensive＂ can alleviate the unfavorable population trend that plagues China＇s social security system to a certain extent. Optimize the age structure of the population and increase the supply of labor. However, for a long time, the financial distress and management dilemma faced by China＇s pension payment still exist, and the loose population birth policy will have a great impact on reducing pension payment, and will gradually appear in the policy implementation. This article combines the ＂comprehensive two-child＂ policy, focusing on the role of the new population birth policy to alleviate the pressure on China＇s pension.
文摘Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The socialist market economy system will gradually develop to perfection,the market will play a fundamental role in allocating resources,and the State’s centralizing guidance and macro-control over the social and economic development will be more scientific,reasonable and effective.In recent years,despite of
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41671120,41401125)
文摘The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same time their applications are converging greatly.These are the three major technological drivers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.This paper discusses the specific technology niches of each kind technological driver behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and then evaluates impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on global industrial,economic,and social development.At last this paper proposes possible measures and policies for both firms and governments to cope with the changes brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
基金Key research project of China Earthquake Administration (0303008).
文摘In the paper, we briefly introduce the development and present situation of earthquake insurance in China and foreign countries, and the evaluation of earthquake losses on the basis of seismic risk and structural vulnerability analyses. The emphasis is given to the probabilistic density function of earthquake loss adjustment for a single building under the given insurance policy and the overall variance of estimated earthquake losses aggregated from various locations with keen interest in the insurance industries. The correlation coefficient for the damages among single structures in the United States is also introduced to interpret the risk of loss concentration in the earthquake insurance. The paper provides a scientific basis for adjusting earthquake loss and premium rate, and it also provides a useful reference for the application and expansion of earthquake insurance in China.
文摘The chronic problems of having a large population versus limited land resources and an urban-rural dual system are the premise for discussing China ＇s agricultural ontology. According to its natural properties, there are three main types of agriculture systems： large-farm agriculture, small-farm agriculture and household-based agriculture. China cannot pursue agricultural modernization based on the developed countries＇experiences with large-farm models regardless of its national conditions. Otherwise, it will suffer double negative externalities on the environment and food safety. In 2007, China made the policy shift towards modern agriculture. Current theoretical studies need to further explore new incentives and compensation mechanisms that are compatible with this new policy shift.
文摘There are three dynamics and five attributes for the Obama administration’s adjustment in its Middle East policy.The changing Middle East policy highlights the following points:shifting anti-terror battlefield from Iraq to Afghanistan,withdrawing troops from Iraq in a step-by-step manner,taking a positive attitude towards Palestine-Israel peace talks,striving to initiate a face-to-face dialogue with Iran,and settling international disputes by diplomatic means.However,the solution to Middle East hot-spot issues hinges on some uncertain factors which are the most important and most challenging part in the Obama administration’s foreign policy.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41430861
文摘Population geography （PopGeo）, although a sub-discipline of human geography, should have been well developed in China in light of its national population size and unique demographic issues, regional socio-economic development, and biophysical differences. Yet it typically lags behind the development of its parent disciplines, especially demography and geography. Specifically, PopGeo in Chinese higher education is still at a low level in terms of the three major aspects of disciplinary development： academic majors for higher education, academic conferences, and journals. The research content of PopGeo in China has focused on the growth, composition, change, distribution, and carrying capacity of population at the meso- and macro-spatial scales. As the most populated country in the world, questions about how and why the population changes, where the population settles and migrates to, its maximum carrying capacity, and how to guide sound development of population matter to society and the economy, are always important topics in the PopGeo studies in China. In contrast, some new population phenomena such as human space-time behaviors （commuting, remittances, and friends＇ interaction）, popular in the scientific community abroad, are not fully investigated at the micro-level. Presently, PopGeo in China may face both challenges and opportunities because of the adjustment of fertility policies and implementation of na- tional new urbanization plans at the national level. It is this occasion that calls for a state-of-the-art review of the development of PopGeo since the 1980s, the turning point of an increasing number of PopGeo studies in China. We aim to reveal the current status of Pop- Geo in China to the world, and shed light on its further study.
文摘The sustained surpluses in the current and capital accounts of balance of payments are the main reason for the continuing rapid expanse of China＇s foreign exchange reserves in recent years. However, flaws in the formation of the renminbi exchange rate regime are the institutional root cause of the sustained high growth in foreign exchange reserves. Various theoretical misconceptions about the scale of foreign exchange reserves have swayed policies and contributed to its sustained fast growth. Sustained high growth of China＇s foreign exchange reserves, and its extraordinary large scale, carry tremendous risks. Because the security of foreign exchange reserves affects a country＇s financial safety, China urgently needs to adjust its foreign exchange reserve policies.
文摘With the changes of the international situation,the Obama administration has adjusted its foreign policy.Although the biggest change happens in the US Middle East policy,what has changed is not its strategy but tactics or manoeuvres.The adjusted Middle East policy is unlikely to be implemented in practice.The decline of the national power of the US weakens its leading role in the Middle East issue.Despite their recent development,hot-spot issues in the"Greater Middle East"such as the Palestine-Israel conflicts,the Afghan War,the Iraqi War and the Iranian nuclear issue shall anticipate no easy resolution because of their complexity and involution.
