Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for the Vehicle Height and Leveling Adjustment System of an Electronic Air Suspension

The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper proposes a new adaptive controller to control the vehicle height and to adjust the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the vehicle height adjustment procedures by an EAS system. A nonlinear mechanism model of the full?car vehicle height adjustment system is established to reflect the system dynamic behaviors and to derive the system optimal control law. To deal with the nonlinear characters in the vehicle height and leveling adjustment processes, the nonlinear system model is globally linearized through the state feedback method. On this basis, a fuzzy sliding mode controller(FSMC) is designed to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle height adjustment and to reduce the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method more accurately, the full?car EAS system model programmed using AMESim is also given. Then, the co?simulation study of the FSMC performance can be conducted. Finally, actual vehicle tests are performed with a city bus, and the test results illustrate that the vehicle height adjustment performance is effectively guaranteed by the FSMC, and the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body during the vehicle height adjustment procedures are also reduced significantly. This research proposes an effective control methodology for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an EAS, which provides a favorable control performance for the system.

Hydrological adjustment and flooding control of wetlands in the Liaohe Delta

The function of estuary wetland on hydrological adjustment and flooding control is studied in this paper. It is estimated that the evapotranspiration in the reed field during growth season(June to October) is 722.9 mm, which is 37.5% higher than large water body(E 601∶525.9 mm). The water replacement rate in the reed field can reach 95% only when the rains continuously for 11 days and the precipitation reached 912 mm. For the water balance in the paddy field, the total water requirement ranges between 1920 and 1860 mm, among which, 31% is from precipitation, and the left is provided by reservoirs. The water usage efficiency is 0.35 at present productivity. Based on the landscape characteristics and functionalities on flooding control, 5 functional zones are designed for the Liaohe Delta: key protected area; underground storage area; flooding discharge area; flood diversion area in emergency; and flood control drainage area.

Thickness and Shape Synthetical Adjustment for DC Mill Based on Dynamic Nerve-Fuzzy Control

Due to the complexity of thickness and shape synthetical adjustment system and the difficulties to build a mathematical model,a thickness and shape synthetical adjustment scheme on DC mill based on dynamic nerve-fuzzy control was put forward,and a self-organizing fuzzy control model was established.The structure of the network can be optimized dynamically.In the course of studying,the network can automatically adjust its structure based on the specific questions and make its structure the optimal.The input and output of the network are fuzzy sets,and the trained network can complete the composite relation,the fuzzy inference.For decreasing the off-line training time of BP network,the fuzzy sets are encoded.The simulation results indicate that the self-organizing fuzzy control based on dynamic neural network is better than traditional decoupling PID control.

Effects of chemical ecological adjustment and control experiment on phytoplankton community in the Aoshan Bay

There is a low nutrient level in the Aoshan Bay. In June 1999, the chemical adjustmentand control experiment was made in the Aoshan Bay. Following tracts investigation was carried out before the experiment and on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 45th day/after the experiment. While the variance of amount of phytoplankton, the replacement of superior species and the species composition of phytoplankton were researched. The results show that the amount of phytoplankton in the Aoshan Bay rises gradually after the experiment. Ceratium macroceros Cleve of pyrophyta was the dominant species before the experiment, its dominant index was 37.7%. Six days after the experiment, its dominant index dropped to 17.6% . Meanwhile the dominant index of Asterionella japonics Cleve rose from 7.1% to 39.2% , it became the first dominant species. Forty-five days after the experiment, the amount of phytoplankton in the Aoshan Bay was 5.15 to 137.32 times more than that in 1997.

Study on the Escape of the Portuguese Leasing in Macao from Chinese Criminal Law and the Governance by the Government of the Qing Dynasty

After the Portuguese leased in Macao in the mid-period of Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese officials here were asked to comply with the law of China more than once. To the Qing dynasty, the Portuguese still stubbornly refused to obey the law of China and often escaped from Chinese criminal law using briberies. In the case about Huiqian CHEN and the processing in the end of 1743, the fact that the Portuguese often escaped from the law of China was changed, and the principle of the Chinese judicial officials about processing the murders about Chinese killed by foreigners was explicitly defined. In this principle, Chinese significant compromises and concessions to the Portuguese were also included, but the criminal jurisdiction was ultimately controlled by the Government of the Qing Dynasty. Thus, the foreign-related criminal procedures conforming to foreign conditions were revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty according to the actual circumstances of Macao. However, the foreign-related criminal procedures revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty were not honestly observed by the Portuguese. After several major cases occurred in Macao, security rules and regulations were further issued by the government of the Qing Dynasty, in which the judicial control power of the government of the Qing Dynasty in Macao was unequivocally stated.

Controlling chaos using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model and adaptive adjustment

In this paper, an approach to the control of continuous-time chaotic systems is proposed using the Takagi-Sugeno （TS） fuzzy model and adaptive adjustment. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee chaos control from Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed approach offers a systematic design procedure for stabilizing a large class of chaotic systems in the literature about chaos research. The simulation results on Rossler＇s system verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Medical errors, infection-control breaches and the use of adulterated and misbranded medical devices

Several well-publicized cases of improper cleaning,disinfection or sterilization of contaminated reusable medical equipment that posed an increased risk of patientto-patient disease transmission were reported within the past few years,resulting in the notification of approximately 20 000 patients.These medical errors,the specific infection-control standards they breached,and assessments of the risk of infection associated with each are discussed.Other topics discussed include the Food and Drug Administration’s(FDA)regulation of medical devices and infection-control products;the use of adulterated,misbranded,and investigational devices;consent decrees and associated Certificates of Medical Necessity;and informed patient consent.Focus is placed on liquid chemical sterilization,its history,and the FDA’s recent censure and discontinuation of a medical device labeled with this claim,namely,the STERIS System 1 processor.Recommendations are provided for healthcare facilities,regulatory agencies,manufacturers of reusable medical devices,and professional healthcare organizations and administrations to improve public health and prevent healthcareassociated infections.

Balance control during gait initiation: State-of-the-art and research perspectives

It is well known that balance control is affected by aging, neurological and orthopedic conditions. Poor balance control during gait and postural maintenance are associated with disability, falls and increased mortality. Gait initiation-the transient period between the quiet standing posture and steady state walking-is a functional task that is classically used in the literature to investigate how the central nervous system(CNS) controls balance during a whole-body movement involving change in the base of support dimensions and center of mass progression. Understanding how the CNS in able-bodied subjects exerts this control during such a challenging task is a prerequisite to identifying motor disorders in populations with specific impairments of the postural system. It may also provide clinicians with objective measures to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation programs and better target interventions according to individual impairments. The present review thus proposes a state-of-the-art analysis on:(1) the balance control mechanisms in play during gait initiation in able bodied subjects and in the case of some frail populations; and(2) the biomechanical parameters used in the literature to quantify dynamic stability during gait initiation. Balance control mechanisms reviewed in this article included anticipatory postural adjustments, stance leg stiffness, foot placement, lateral ankle strategy, swing foot strike pattern and vertical center of mass braking. Based on this review, the following viewpoints were put forward:(1) dynamic stability during gait initiation may share a principle of homeostatic regulation similar to most physiological variables, where separate mechanisms need to be coordinated to ensure stabilization of vital variables, and consequently; and(2) rehabilitation interventions which focus on separate or isolated components of posture, balance, or gait may limit the effectiveness of current clinical practices.

Adaptive linear active disturbance-rejection control strategy reduces the impulse current of compressed air energy storage connected to the grid

The merits of compressed air energy storage(CAES)include large power generation capacity,long service life,and environmental safety.When a CAES plant is switched to the grid-connected mode and participates in grid regulation,using the traditional control mode with low accuracy can result in excess grid-connected impulse current and junction voltage.This occurs because the CAES output voltage does not match the frequency,amplitude,and phase of the power grid voltage.Therefore,an adaptive linear active disturbance-rejection control(A-LADRC)strategy was proposed.Based on the LADRC strategy,which is more accurate than the traditional proportional integral controller,the proposed controller is enhanced to allow adaptive adjustment of bandwidth parameters,resulting in improved accuracy and response speed.The problem of large impulse current when CAES is switched to the grid-connected mode is addressed,and the frequency fluctuation is reduced.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in reducing the impact of CAES on the grid connection was verified using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform.The influence of the k value in the adaptive-adjustment formula on the A-LADRC was analyzed through simulation.The anti-interference performance of the control was verified by increasing and decreasing the load during the presynchronization process.

The Electrical and Mechanical Alignment and Accuracy Detection of Numerial Control Machine Tool

In the work of numerical control reformation of general machine tool, the installation and debugging of machine tool is a crucial part. For the C6132 machine tool, and make the use of electrical and mechanical alignment, parameter adjusting, numerical control lathe accuracy debugging and performance examination has been used to finish a series of tailing in the work of numerical control reformation of general machine tool. In this paper, the detailed process of electrical and mechanical alignment, parameter adjusting, numerical control lathe accuracy debugging and performance examination has been demonstrated, meanwhile, the specific operational approach of these work programs has been discussed. Therefore, the present results provides essential reference and approach for the numerical control reformation of general machine tool.

The views and control of environmental cost

This article explores the concept of company environment cost, its classification and feature, and points out the difficulty for company to control environment cost actively. It offers the opinion that environment cost in regional economy development should be controlled by taking government as the center and discusses the control focus.

Local Government-owner Bidder and Corporate Control Transfer

In this study, we discuss the financial constraints and the behavior of local governments. We expect that governments in relative wealthy region will act as a helping hand for companies trader its control on average, while those in relative poor region will be a grabbing hand. By dividing local governments into 3 categories according to its GDP per capita and Fiscal Revenue per capita, we test the relationship between government attributes and the long-term performance of listed companies in corporate control market. We find that target companies who are later controlled by the wealthiest government achieve better performance, while those who were later controlled by the poorest governments also achieve significant better long-term performance.

Study on Cognition of Urban Residents on Haze Control and Their Willingness to Pay:A Case Study of Zhengzhou City and Jiaozuo City

Residents’payment is an important supplement to the government’s urban haze control costs.In this paper,Zhengzhou City and Jiaozuo City of Henan Province were taken as research objects.Through research methods such as data mining,questionnaire survey and model construction,the residents’cognition on haze control,willingness to pay and its influencing factors were deeply studied.Main research results were as below:residents in Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo have improved their awareness and satisfaction with haze control,but the growth rate was slow.In 2014,2018 and 2021,the expected values of willingness to pay for haze control in Zhengzhou were 79.94,85.52 and 47.20 yuan/month respectively,while they were 62.17,57.77 and 46.96 yuan/month in Jiaozuo City.Residents’haze awareness had the most significant effect on the willingness to pay for haze control,and there was positive correlation(P<0.05).Residents’cognition of haze control was the most important factor affecting their willingness to pay for haze control.Residents’income level and air pollution level had a positive effect on residents’willingness to pay,while residents’confidence in the government had a weak impact on their willingness to pay.

Overview of the Relationship between Internal Control and Corporate Governance

As the global economic crisis deepens,people have a clearer understanding of risks.Since internal control and corporate governance can better control risks in the development of a company,how to properly handle the relationship between internal control and corporate governance has become the focus of research.There are mainly three views on the relationship between the two among scholars’researches including environmental theory,basic theory and chimerism theory.In the normal operation of a company,as internal control and corporate governance are closely related,people are more inclined to the point of view of chimerism,claiming that the two affect each other and they are inseparable.

Research on Real Estate Economic Security and Government Control

With the development of economy and the progress of society,people’s living standards are gradually improving,and the requirements for housing are also gradually improving.The development of the real estate industry provides conditions for people’s modern life,and its development meets the needs of China’s socialist development.In such a social background,the future planning of the real estate industry is gradually clear,promoting the steady rise of the real estate economy,which is an important development prospect of the current real estate industry.In this paper,through the analysis of real estate economic security and government control,aiming at the existing problems,put forward some effective measures to promote the advantages of real estate development and the combination of government macro-control to stabilize the healthy development of the real estate industry.

Government Controlling and Firm Performance： An Empirical Study on China＇s Listed Companies

The current study compares the firm performance in China＇s listed companies by distinguishing the governance controlling of three types of state-shareholder. The results indicate that the performances in firms with direct government controlling are significantly weaker than other firms. In contrast, the performances in firms without direct government controlling are not significantly different. The results suggest that the introduction of market-oriented state-share holders is a desirable process during the transition economy in China.

The Control of Population Growth Is the Function of the Central Government

Mr.Jiang Zcmin,Gencral-Seerctary of the Cen-tral Committee of the Chincse Communist Party and.Chairman of the People's Republic of China,in a rC-ccnt spcech cm phasized that the family planning pro-gramme should be strictly and effectively im plemented in 1994,a year of crucial importance for promoting re-form and opening and thc drive lowards.modernization.To makc continucd contributions to the sociocconomic development in the country,we must fulfil the plan for controlling population growth..The spcech was delivcred at the anua!National Fo-rum on Family Planning Work convened jointly by the Party's Central Committcc and the Statc Council.

Experimental investigation on control and reduction of vibration induced by fluid flow in turbine governing valve

Governing valve is the necessary passage through which steam enters into the steam turbine. The instability of the gas flow inside valve is the main reason that can induce the valve vibration, especially the valve rod vibration. In order to reduce the vibration and improve the performance of the governing valve such as the security and economy of the steam turbine, we try to find the method by experimental investigation. As to commonly used governing valve such as ball governing valve in this paper, a number of micro pressure sensors that have high frequencies and nice dynamic capability are employed successfully. The micro sensors are inserted directly in key positions of the valve, such as positions of valve seat throat, valve disc top and so on. The collection and measurement of many different working conditions are carried out and the conclusion of the valve instability is obtained. Therefore, vibration induced by fluid flow is controlled and reduced by means of regulating operation conditions and valve structure. Meanwhile, by numerical simulation of ball governing valve, valve disc adhered flow and asymmetric collision force are considered as main factor to cause oscillation under the condition of small lift as well as small and middle pressure ratio.

VoIP Market Intensified,the Government Control Still Won't Be Unlocked In the Near Future

The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP, VoIP has become more acceptable for CIO of large-scale enterprises. Small and medium-scale enterprises are sensitive to communication cost, but influenced by the maturity of VoIP technology and reduction of VoIP equipment price, the market is intensified. All these drive the VoIP equipment entering into the actual purchase stage and promote the stable growth of VoIP equipment scale.