Immunological Adjuvant Function of Aluminium Phosphate and Chicken IL-18 in NDV F Gene Vaccine

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the immunological adjuvant function of aluminium phosphate and chicken IL-18 in NDV F gene vaccine. [Method] The vaccine （0.2 ml） containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant （90 μg）, pcDNA/F （200μg）, and pcDNA/chlL-18 （200 μg） was prepared. The 7 d old chick- ens to be tested were randomly divided into six groups （12 chickens in each group） and immunized through intramuscular injection with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines, pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋phosphate aluminum, pcDNA/F, pcDNA/F.＋pcDNA/ chlL-18, pcDNA/F＋aluminum phosphate, and physiological saline respectively; the secondary immunization was conducted with the same dose when the chickens were 21 d old. Their blood was sampled 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 d after first immunization. Anti- body titer was detected with ELISA and T cell transformation rate was measured with MIT. Experimental chicken will be challenged with 30 LD50 NDV virulence 28 d after first immunization. [Result] The survival rate of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋aluminium phosphate＋pcDNA/chlL-18 achieved 8/12, higher than that of those immunized with pcDNA/F 4/12 and pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18 （6/12）. The NDV antibody titer of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋ aluminum phosphate, pcD- NA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18 and pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋aluminum phosphate is not differ- ent （P〉0.05）, but significantly lower than that of the chickens immunized with tradi- tional vaccine （P〈0.05）. The T cell transformation rate of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F＋pcDNA/chlL-18＋aluminium phosphate was obviously higher than that of the chickens immunized with pcDNA/F （P〈0.05）. The T cell transformation rates of chickens immunized with pcDNA/F and the traditional vaccine showed no signifi- cant difference （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] Combination of aluminium phosphate and pcD- NA/chlL-18 can significantly enhance the immune effect of NDV F gene vaccine.

Clinical Observation in 31 Cases of Chronic Bronchitis at Remission Stage Treated with Bufei Keli

To observe the therapeutic effects of a Chinese drug Bufei Keli (补肺颗粒 granules for invigorating the lung) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis at remission stage, 62 cases were randomly divided into a treatment group (treated with Bufei Keli) and a control group (treated with Yupingfeng Keli 玉屏风颗粒). The results turned out to be that the short-term clinically controlled and markedly effective rate was 77.42% and the long-term relapse-resisting markedly effective rate was 74.2% in the treatment group, which were obviously higher than 45.16% and 38.71% respectively in the control group (P<0.05). And the increase in contents of SOD and CD_3 and the decrease in LPO content in the treatment group were also bigger than that in the control group (P<0.01). It is therefore concluded that Bufei Keli can improve qi deficiency syndrome and raise the immunity of patients with chronic bronchitis, hence its effect of resisting relapse of chronic bronchitis.

The Regulatory Action of the Modified Yu Ping Feng Tang on Cellular Immunity in Mice under Amputation-Induced Stress

To approach the action of modified Yu Ping Feng Tang ([symbol: see text] Jade-Screen Decoction) on cellular immunity, an experiment was conducted in mice under amputation-induced stress. On the 3rd day after amputation, acute atrophy was found in the thymus, the reactivities of T- and B-lymphocytes to Con-A and LPS were decreased, the IL-2 content and its activity reduced and the activity of NK cells lowered. The high, moderate and low concentrations of the modified Yu Ping Feng (YPF) Decoction all have antagonistic action on the above manifestations of immune inhibition.

Hyaluronan is a natural and effective immunological adjuvant for protein-based vaccines

One of the main goals of vaccine research is the development of adjuvants that can enhance immune responses and are both safe and biocompatible.We explored the application of the natural polymer hyaluronan(HA)as a promising immunological adjuvant for protein-based vaccines.Chemical conjugation of HA to antigens strongly increased their immunogenicity,reduced booster requirements,and allowed antigen dose sparing.HA-based bioconjugates stimulated robust and long-lasting humoral responses without the addition of other immunostimulatory compounds and proved highly efficient when compared to other adjuvants.Due to its intrinsic biocompatibility,HA allowed the exploitation of different injection routes and did not induce inflammation at the inoculation site.This polymer promoted rapid translocation of the antigen to draining lymph nodes,thus facilitating encounters with antigen-presenting cells.Overall,HA can be regarded as an effective and biocompatible adjuvant to be exploited for the design of a wide variety of vaccines.

The effect of Pickering emulsion adjuvants on the immune efficacy of the COVID-19 polypeptide vaccine

Pickering emulsions were prepared by phacoemulsification in an ice water bath with squalene as the oil phase and an aluminum adjuvant as the particle stabilizer.The effects of formulation and process conditions on the size and distribution of the Pickering emulsions were investigated.Pickering emulsions prepared under the optimal prescription and process conditions were mixed with a peptide antigen to obtain a peptide vaccine.The optimal prescription and process condition of the Pickering emulsion is as follows:squalene as the oil phase,ultra-pure water as the water phase with 5 mg/mL aluminum adjuvant,and an ultrasonication time of 4 min at 200 W power.BALB/c mice were immunized with the peptide vaccine,and the ability of the Pickering emulsion as an immunological adjuvant to improve the efficacy of the peptide vaccine was evaluated.Under optimal conditions,a Pickering emulsion with a small particle size(430.8 nm),uniform distribution(polydispersion index of 16.9%),and zeta potential of 31.5 mV,was obtained.Immunological results showed that the serum specific antibody level in the vaccinated group reached 1×104 after three immunizations.The proportion of CD4+T cells and CD4/CD8 cells was significantly higher(P<0.05)in the vaccinated groups than the blank control group.Further,cytokine(TNF-𝛼)secretion decreased in the aluminum adjuvant and Pickering emulsion groups but increased in the Freund’s adjuvant group.All three vaccinated groups of mice exhibited low but detectable levels of IFN-𝛾secretion.