The purpose of this paper is to approach the administrative costs in the field of education and to answer questions such as:How are administrative costs measured and evaluated?Is it taken into account in the analysis ...The purpose of this paper is to approach the administrative costs in the field of education and to answer questions such as:How are administrative costs measured and evaluated?Is it taken into account in the analysis of policy options?Administrative costs affect all areas of public education and absorb a large part of the state budget appropriations intended for education.Through the presentation of the general and specific objectives but also the European participation in the rational management of the management costs of the educational units,we lead to a holistic approach to the operational costs of the education that is part of the social costs.展开更多
We examine the diversification of administrative and procedural costs on patent stock using a large dataset from the European Patent Office with 15,000 firms for the period between 1995 and 2015.The results reveal tha...We examine the diversification of administrative and procedural costs on patent stock using a large dataset from the European Patent Office with 15,000 firms for the period between 1995 and 2015.The results reveal that administrative and procedural costs are significant for firm-level patenting activity.However,not all administrative and procedural costs have equal effects.Higher administrative costs often encourage patent application and validation by solving the adverse selection problem and short-run opportunism,as well as other sources of asymmetric information.The effective administration of intellectual property law and low-cost enforcement are found to considerably foster patenting activity.The effects are robust for various mis-specification checks and do not disappear once country-level research and development infrastructure proxies are controlled for.The extreme bounds of administrative and procedural costs are computed across more than 5 billion regressions,and the sizeable impact of administration on patent application and validation outcomes is confirmed.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this paper is to approach the administrative costs in the field of education and to answer questions such as:How are administrative costs measured and evaluated?Is it taken into account in the analysis of policy options?Administrative costs affect all areas of public education and absorb a large part of the state budget appropriations intended for education.Through the presentation of the general and specific objectives but also the European participation in the rational management of the management costs of the educational units,we lead to a holistic approach to the operational costs of the education that is part of the social costs.
基金Slovenian Research Agency(Javni Sklad za Raziskovalno Dejavnost Republike Slovenije,ARRS)project name:Challenges of inclusive sustainable development in the predominant paradigm of economic and business sciencesgrant number.:P5-0128
文摘We examine the diversification of administrative and procedural costs on patent stock using a large dataset from the European Patent Office with 15,000 firms for the period between 1995 and 2015.The results reveal that administrative and procedural costs are significant for firm-level patenting activity.However,not all administrative and procedural costs have equal effects.Higher administrative costs often encourage patent application and validation by solving the adverse selection problem and short-run opportunism,as well as other sources of asymmetric information.The effective administration of intellectual property law and low-cost enforcement are found to considerably foster patenting activity.The effects are robust for various mis-specification checks and do not disappear once country-level research and development infrastructure proxies are controlled for.The extreme bounds of administrative and procedural costs are computed across more than 5 billion regressions,and the sizeable impact of administration on patent application and validation outcomes is confirmed.
